18版皖湘名词.docx

1、18版皖湘名词名词.语法填空考点聚焦考向1名词的单复数1The nursery team switches him every few_(day) with his sister so that while one is being bottlefed，the other is with mumshe never suspects.(2016全国)2Recent _(study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks regularly.(2016全国)3Any smell might attr

2、act natural _(enemy) that would try to eat the little panda.(2016四川)4Id skipped nearby Guilin，a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River that are pictured by artists in so many Chinese_(painting)(2015全国)考向2词形变换之名词1Chengdu has dozens of new milliona

3、ires，Asias biggest building，and fancy new hotels.But for tourists like me，pandas are its top_(attract)(2016全国)2Then，handle the most important tasks first so youll feel a real sense of _(achieve)(2016全国)3Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius，who lived from roughly 551 to 479 BC.，

4、influenced the _(develop) of chopsticks.(2016全国)4In addition to their simple beauty，what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their _(able) to “air condition” a house without using electric equipment.(2015全国).短文改错考点聚焦(每小题1处错误)考向1形容词或动词与名词词性混淆1My uncle tells me that the key to his success is honest

5、.(2016全国)2This made for the grow in the porcelain industry.(2013新课标全国)3He has ruined his healthy.(2013辽宁)考向2不可数名词与可数名词单复数形式错误1If we go on a trip abroad，we can broaden our view and gain knowledges we cannot get from books.(2016全国)2The teenage year from 13 to 19 were the most difficult time for me.(20

6、16全国)3Mom has a fulltime job，but she has to do most of the houseworks.(2016四川)4The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier.(2015全国)5As I told you last time，I made three new friend here.(2015四川)6My old classroom was interesting because three side of the classroom were made of glass.(2015浙江)

7、考向3修饰词的使用错误1Much rare animals are dying out.(2015全国)2We dont need to do so many homework.(2014新课标全国)考向4名词所有格的使用错误When I finally arrived at my friend he lent me lots of clothes.(2011新课标全国)名词的分类普通名词可数名词个体名词表示单个人或物的名词集体名词表示若干个人或物的名词不可数名词物质名词表示无法分为个体的物质、材料的名词抽象名词表示性质、状态、行为、情感、心理等抽象概念的名词专有名词表示洲、国、地、人名等表示

8、团体、机构、组织、节日、报刊、朝代等的名称名词的核心考点1可数名词的数这里主要讲其不规则变化。(1)单、复数同形。如：means，aircraft，deer，fish，Chinese，Japanese，sheep，works(工厂)。(2)合成名词的复数。如：boyfriendboyfriends，gobetweengobetweens(中间人)，grownupgrownups。(3)只有复数形式的名词。此类名词往往以复数形式出现，表示“衣服”、“工具”等的总称，不能用具体的数字修饰，也不能加不定冠词a/an，但可以用a pair of/two pairs of，many等修饰。如：cloth

9、es衣服，tights紧身裤，jeans牛仔裤，pajamas睡衣，pants(长)裤子，shorts短裤，socks短袜，stockings长袜，trousers裤子，glasses眼镜，chopsticks筷子，compasses圆规，pincers钳子，scissors剪刀，scales天平等；另外一类总是以复数形式出现，但不能用具体的数字修饰，也不能用a/an，a pair of等修饰，只能用many，a great many, a lot of等修饰。如：belongings所有物，congratulations祝贺，contents目录，earnings收入，fireworks烟火

10、，goods商品，leavings剩余物，pains辛劳，spirits情绪，savings积蓄，stairs楼梯，surroundings环境，wages工资，arms武器等。(4)集体名词的数。有些集体名词通常只用作复数，如：people，cattle，police；有些名词只用作单数，如：machinery，furniture，mankind，jewellery；有些名词既可用作单数又可用作复数，单数看作整体，复数看作集体的各个成员。如：The crew is large.船员人数很多(指整体)。The crew are all tired.船员们都累坏了(指个体)。2不可数名词的数(1

11、)一般说来抽象名词为不可数名词，但当抽象名词表示具体的东西时，可用作可数名词且词义发生变化，主要类型如下：抽象名词表示具有某种特性、状态、感情情绪的人或事。抽象名词(不可数)具体化(表达个体概念时，是可数名词)in surprise惊讶地a surprise一件令人惊讶的事win success获得成功a success一个(件)成功的人(事)win honour赢得荣誉an honour一个(件)引起尊敬的人(事)failure失败a failure一个失败者/一件失败的事by experience靠经验an experience一次经历with pleasure乐意a pleasure一件

12、乐事抽象名词与a(n)连用，淡化了抽象概念，转化为似乎可以体验到的动作、行为或类别。A knowledge of English is a must in international trade.Would you like to have a walk (swim，bath，talk) with me?It is a waste of time reading such a novel.She made an apology to her mother for her wrong doings.(2)有些物质名词是不可数名词，但表示数量或种类时，可以用作可数名词。如：some coffee一

13、些咖啡，a coffee一杯咖啡，three coffees三杯咖啡；some drink一些饮料，a drink一杯饮料，three drinks三杯饮料；his hair他的头发，a few grey hairs几根白发；glass玻璃，a glass一只玻璃杯。3名词所有格(1)s所有格the boys mother，the childrens toys，the teachers books，Lucy and Lilys bedroom(共用)，Lucys and Lilys bedrooms(各自的)(2)“of名词”所有格the roof of the house，the cover

14、 of the book，the name of the girl，a picture of my father(3)双重所有格a friend of my brothers(one of my brothers friends)，a picture of my fathers(one of my fathers pictures)(4)s所有格的特殊表示形式有：用于表示人的名词或表集体、机构的名词后，如：Toms home，the doctors，the companys new factory等。用于表示时间、距离、价格、重量等的名词后，如：todays newspaper，five mi

15、nutes walk(drive)，five pounds weight，ten dollars worth of coffee。用于表示国家、世界、城市等地方的名词后，如：the worlds population，Chinas industry，New Yorks parks。(5)所有格的句法功能表所有关系 Jacks brother表主谓关系 Mr Wangs praise表动宾关系 the famous stars admirers表修饰关系 a doctors degree表同位关系(只用of所有格)the city of Beijing4名词的功能(1)可作主语、表语、宾语、宾语

16、补足语Mary is to meet you at the airport.My brother is a worker.He bought a new book.We made him monitor of our class.(2)作定语英语中有些名词没有其对应的同根形容词，这些名词可以直接用来作定语修饰另一个名词。分类意义air pollution空气污染boy friend男朋友coffee cup咖啡杯body language身体语言road accident交通事故the Nobel Prize诺贝尔奖时间、地点、称呼等Doctor Jack杰克医生Professor Li李教授

17、evening school夜校winter sleep冬眠表目的、来源、材料、所属意义reception desk接待台sports field田径场stone table石桌color TV彩电(3)作状语名词作状语多为表时间或距离等概念的名词。The war lasted eight years.(4)作同位语Tom，our monitor，left school last year.题组训练.单句语法填空1He had witnessed too many _(die) and wounds at the Battle of Solferino in Italy four years

18、earlier，in which 40,000 people were killed，wounded or missing.2Apples new machine，the Lisa，proved to be an expensive _(fail)3I ran into my neighbor，Dennis，yesterday afternoon.He asked if I wanted two tickets to the theater.He had season tickets but couldnt go to this _(perform)4Tourism should also a

19、dvance the wealth and _(happy) of local inhabitants.5These people have made great _(contribute) to China with their work.6They get advice from “_(strange)”When they need advice，they dont usually go to people they know.7My first _(impress) of him was that he was a kind and thoughtful young man.8Those

20、 who suffer from headache will find they get _(relieve) from this medicine.9Why do you choose to work in an international travel agency?Well，you know，English is my _(strong)So it is my best choice.10I made a _(decide) to look at the flight monitors to see if there was an earlier flight to San Franci

21、sco.单句改错(每小题1处错误)1Within the next few minute，my grandfather also caught a fish.2You told me the name of different plants and their characteristics.3Mom，I know I have never expressed my thank to you before.4The food was wonderful with reasonable prices，and we enjoyed several local dish.5Another way i

22、s to watch our everyday use of water and electric at home.6From the time I was about four until I was about six，I destroyed each of my toy.7We，as well as animal，cannot live without water and neither agriculture nor industry can go without it.8In early January this year，the rate of UFO reports was st

23、eady，around three per weeks.9Tom was having much troubles getting up in the morning and was always late for work.10I felt very strange to travel without any luggages.语法填空(名词专练)Born on August 23,1988 in America，Jeremy ShuHow Lin is a professional basketball 1._(play) with the Huston Rockets 2._ the N

24、ational Basketball Association (NBA)But，to some degree，many Chinese fans and 3._(coach) take him as a Chinese guy or at least are willing to imagine him as 4._ Chinese just because he has a typical Chinese face and his parents were born in China.Jeremy Lin has recently become 5._ success and attract

25、ed the worlds attention，which gives Chinese people a lot of 6._(imagine) and 7._(proud)As we know，in most 8._(people) eyes，Jeremy is a miracle.In June,2012，when Jeremy took his third trip to China，a large crowd came to meet him，among whom there were various fans including some 9._(family)，some child

26、ren and even some 10._(woman) players.书面表达中名词易错点聚焦1书面表达中对于复数名词易疏漏s或es(误)Id love to make friend with you.(误)All the picture displayed are of great value.2部分名词的复数变化错误如：familys，knifes，difficultys，pianoes，heros，woman doctors，tooths，childrens，medias。3部分词性易混作名词动词误作名词形容词误作名词动词名词形容词名词succeedsuccesshonesthon

27、estyaffecteffecthealthyhealth4.可数与不可数名词混淆不可数可数take actiontake measuressome advicesome suggestionstake exerciseeye exercisesmake progressmake mistakesinformationcontributions答案精析经典品味洞察考向.考向11daysfew用来修饰可数名词复数，故答案为days。every few days每隔几天。2studies根据后面的谓语动词show可知，主语应该是复数形式。3enemies句意为：任何气味都可能引来天敌它们会吃掉熊猫

28、宝宝的。天敌不止一个，故用复数形式enemies。4paintingsmany用于修饰可数名词复数，故填该名词的复数形式paintings。考向21attraction空格前有形容词和物主代词，因此要用名词形式。2achievement介词of后要用名词作宾语。固定表达a sense of achievement成就感。3development空前有冠词，此处应用名词作动词的宾语。4ability形容词性物主代词their之后应当用名词，故将able转化为其名词形式ability。.考向11My uncle tells me that the key to his success is.考查名

29、词作表语。由句意“他成功的关键是诚信”可知应当用名词形式。2This made for the in the porcelain industry.定冠词the后面应跟名词形式，故grow应改为growth。3He has ruined his.在形容词性物主代词后应用名词，所以应把healthy改为health。考向21If we go on a trip abroad，we can broaden our view and gain we cannot get from books.knowledge为不可数名词，没有复数形式。2The teenage from 13 to 19 were

30、 the most difficult time for me.此处指1319 岁的年龄，故用复数。3Mom has a fulltime job，but she has to do most of the.housework是不可数名词，没有复数形式。4The we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier.由后面的定语从句we breathe in可知，此处先行词的意思是“空气”，air当“空气”讲时为不可数名词。故airs改为air。5As I told you last time，I made three new here.名词friend为可数名词，其前有three修饰，需要用复数形式，故把friend改成friends。6My old clas