初中英语定语从句系统讲解及配套练习.docx

1、初中英语定语从句系统讲解及配套练习初中英语定语从句系统讲解及配套练习一定语从句的概念 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，定语从句一般放在先 行词的后面.二、定语从句的关系词关系词常有3个作用：1，引导定语从句。2，代替先行词。3，在定语从句中担当一个成分。引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代词包括that， which， who（宾格 whom，所有 格whose）等; 关系副词包括where， when， why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的重要成分。三、定语从句的分类根据定语从句与先行

2、词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。1.限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去， 限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉的话，主句的意思就不完整，意义就表述不明。这种句型一般定语从句紧接先行词，如： I was the only person in my office who was invited.2.非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。非限制性定语从句。它与主句的关系不十分密切，只是对其附加说明，也就是讲即便去掉定语从句，句意也不受影响，仍然清晰明了。这样的定语从句要在它和主句之间加一逗

3、号分开。且关系代词不引导这种非限制性定语从句，如： Michael Jaskon， who is the greatest singer in the world， passed away in 2010.如： Mary lived in the city of Hongkong， where used to be a small poor countryside.4、关系代词的用法1. that 既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语，作主语时不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如：Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle. （ 语）玛丽喜欢轻柔

4、的音乐。 The coat （that）I put on the desk is blue. （ 语） 我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。 2.which用于指物，在句中作主语或宾语，作主语不可省略，作宾语可省略。 例如：The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket. （ 语） 位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。The film （which） we saw last night was wonderful. 3.who， whom用于指人，who 用作主语，whom在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。在口语中，

5、有时可用who代替 whom， 也可省略。例如：The girl who often helps me with my English is from England. （ 语）经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。 Who is the teacher （whom） Li Ming is talking to？ 正在与李明谈话的老师是谁（作宾语） Mr. Ling is just the boy whom I want to see. 4. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语. 可译为“的”例如： He has a friend whose father is a docto

6、r. I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替例如 The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.= The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired. Do you like the book whose cover is yellow? =Do you like the book the color of which is yellow? 注意：（1）当

7、定语从句中含有介词，介词放在句末时，who， that， which可省略，但介词在关系代词前时，只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。 例如：This is the house in which we lived last year.这是我们去年居住的房子。 Do you know the girl with whom your teacher is talking.请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。（2）含有介词的固定动词词组中，介词不可前置，只能放在原来的位置上。例如：This is the person whom you are looking for. 这就是你要找的那个人。（3

8、）that 作介词的宾语时，介词不能放它的前面，只能放在从句中动词的后面。例如：The city that/which she lives in is very far away. 她居住的城市非常远。（4）指物时关系词只能用that的情况： a. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人。 b.被修饰的先行词为all，any，much，many，everything, anything，none，the

9、one等不定代词时，只能用that，而不用which.例如： Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop？ c.先行词被 the only， the very， the same， the last， little， few 等词修饰时， 只能用that，而不用which.例如： This is the same bike that I lost. 这就是我丢的那辆自行车。d. 先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能用that， 而不用which.例如： I can remember well the persons and some pict

10、ures that I saw in the room. 我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。e.以who或which引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用that.例如： Who is the girl that is crying？ 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁？f.主句是there be 结构，修饰主语的定语从句用that，而不用which.例如： There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. 桌子上那本书是汤姆的。g.关系代词作表语时一般不用who,而用that。如:He is not the man that he was. 他不

11、是从前的他了。(从句中that是was的表语)（5）关系词只能用which，而不用that 的情况：a.先行词为that， those时，用which， 而不用that.例如： Whats that which is under the desk？ 在桌子底下的那些东西是什么？b.关系代词前有介词时，一般用which，而不用that.例如：This is the room in which he lives. 这是他居住的房间c.引导非限制性定语从句，用which， 而不用that. 例如：Tom came back， which made us happy. 汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴。5、

12、关系副词的用法（1）when指时间，其先行词表示时间，在句中作时间状语。 例如： This was the time when he arrived.这是他到达的时间。（2）where指地点，其先行词表示地点，在句中作地点状语。 例如：This is the place where he works.这是他工作的地点。This is the house where (in which) he lives.（3）why 指原因，其先行词是原因，起原因状语作用。例如：Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school.没人知道他为什么上学

13、总迟到。六、了解关系副词与关系代词转换规律关系代词whom或which在定语从句中作介词宾语时,介词可放在后面,也可提前构成介词+关系代词whom (先行词指人)/which(先行词指物)引导定语从句(这种方法更为正式)。例:Mary is the girl whom I borrowed a book from. = Mary is the girl from whom I borrowed a book. 玛丽就是我向她借书的那个女孩。Is this the room that/which he once lived in? = Is this the room in which he o

14、nce lived? =Is this the room where he once lived? 这是他曾经住过的房子吗?常见的有以下几种情况:1. where=in/on which 例:This is the room where / in which he lives. 这是他住的房间。 I can see the playground where / on which they do sports.我能看见他们进行运动的操场。2. when= on/in/at which 例:I still remember the year when/ in which I joined the

15、Party.我仍然记得入党的那一年。I still remember the hour when/at which the rocket was launched.我仍然记得那个火箭发射的时刻。3. why=for which 例:This is the reason why / for which he was killed. 这是他被杀害的原因。但下列情况下介词不能提前:用who代替whom,用that代替which时,介词不能提前。例:Hes the boy who I learned English from.这是我向他学英语的男孩。This should be the place t

16、hat Tom sent the parcel to. 这应是汤姆送包裹的地方。当whom、which省去时介词不能提前。例:Is he the boy you went there with?他是和你一起去那儿的男孩吗? This is the room he lived in. 这是他住过的房间。当whom, which作为含有介词的动词短语的宾语时,介词一般来说不能拆开提前。例:Youre the very man whom Im looking for. 你正是我在找的那个人。热身训练一.单项填空。1. -Do you know the man _is talking with you

17、r father？-Yes， hes our headmaster.A. he B.who C. which D. whom2. Is this the river _I can swim？A. which B. in which C. that D. the one3. This is the best hotel in the city _I know.A. where B. which C. that D. it4. Can you lend me the dictionary _the other day？A. that you bought B. you bought itC. th

18、at you bought it D. which you bought it5. Anyone _with what I said may put up you hands.A. which agrees B. who agreeC. who agrees D. which agree6. My watch is not the only thing _ is missing.A. that B. it C. which who7. The man _coat is black is waiting at the gateA. whos B. whose C. that of which.8

19、. The girl _ is reading under the tree _my sister.A. which； is B. whom； was C. who； is D. who； was9. I love places _the people are really friendly.A. that B. which C. where D. who10. The world _ is made up of matter.A. in that we live B. on which we liveC. where we live in D. we live in二.用适当的关系代词tha

20、t， which， who， whom填空。1.The first thing _you must do is to have a meal.2.April 1st is the day _is called April Fools Day in the west.3.The family _had lost everything in a big fire got much help from their friends.4.The house _we live in is very old.5.Didnt you see the man _I talked with just now？初中

21、英语定语从句练习题（一）一.选择填空1. Dont talk about such things of _ you are not sure. A. which B. what C. as D. those 2. Is this the factory _ you visited the other day? A. that B. where C. in which D. the one 3. Is this factory _ some foreign friends visited last Friday? A. that B. where C. which D. the one 4. I

22、s this the factory _ he worked ten years ago? A. that B. where C. which D. the one 5. The wolves hid themselves in the places _ couldnt be found. A. that B. where C. in which D. in that 6. The freezing point is the temperature _ water changes into ice. A. at which B. on that C. in which D. of what 7

23、. This book will show you _ can be used in other contexts. A. how you have observed B. what you have observed C. that you have observed D. how that you have observed 8. The reason is _ he is unable to operate the machine. A. because B. why C. that D. whether 9. Ill tell you _ he told me last week. A

24、. all which B. that C. all that D. which 10. That tree, _ branches are almost bare, is very old. A. whose B. of which C. in which D. on which 11. I have bought the same dress _ she is wearing. A. as B. that C. which D. what 12. He failed in the examination, _ made his father very angry. A. which B.

25、it C. that D. what 13. Were talking about the piano and the pianist _ were in the concert we attended last night. A. which B. whom C. who D. that 14. The girl _ an English song in the next room is Toms sister. A. who is singing B. is singing C. sang D. was singing 15. Those _ not only from books but

26、 also through practice will succeed. A. learn B. who C. that learns D. who learn 16. Anyone _ this opinion may speak out. A. that against B. that against C. who is against D. who are against 17. Didnt you see the man _? A. I nodded just now B. whom I nodded just now C. I nodded to him just now D. I

27、nodded to just now 18. Can you lend me the novel _ the other day? A. that you talked B. you talked about it C. which you talked with D. you talked about 19. Is there anything _ to you? A. that is belonged B. that belongs C. that belong D. which belongs 20. - “How do you like the book?” - “Its quite

28、different from _ I read last month.” A. that B. which C. the one D. the one what 21. Mr. Zhang gave the textbook to all the pupils except _ who had lready taken them. A. the ones B. ones C. some D. the others 22. The train _ she was travelling was late. A. which B. where C. on which D. in that 23. H

29、e has lost the key to the drawer _ the papers are kept. A. where B. in which C. under which D. which 24. Antarctic _ we know very little is covered with thick ice all the year round. A. which B. where C. that D. about which 25. Its the third time _ late this month. A. that you arrived B. when you ar

30、rived C. that youve arrived D. when youve arrived 26. It was in 1969 _the American astronaut succeeded in landing on the moon. A. that B. which C. when D. in which27. May the fourth is the day _ we Chinese people will never forget. A. which B. when C. on which D. about which 28. We are going to spend the Spring Festival in Guangzhou, _ live my grandparents and some relatives.A. which B. that C. who D. where 29. The hotel _ during our holidays stands by the seaside. A. we stayed at