if虚拟语气之欧阳文创编.docx

1、if虚拟语气之欧阳文创编英语动词有三种语气：陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气（用来表示说的话不是事实，或者是不太可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望，建议，假设的语气叫虚拟语气。）时间：2021.03.12创作：欧阳文虚拟语气的考点：1.条件句中的虚拟语气的用法；2.条件句中虚拟语气的倒装；3.名词性从句中虚拟语气的用法；4.几种特殊结构中虚拟语气的用法；5.虚拟语气时态的判定。一、If引导的虚拟条件句区别：If it rains tomorrow，the crops will be saved. 陈述语气If it rained tomorrow，the crops would be saved. 虚拟

2、语气真实条件状语从句与非真实条件状语从句真：eg.Ifhedoesnthurryup,hewillmissthebus.如果他不快点，他将错过巴士。(真实条件状语)（不是虚拟语气）Ifheisfree,hewillaskmetotellstories.如果他是空闲的，他会要求我讲故事。（真实条件状语）（不是虚拟语气）非真：eg.IfIwereyou,Iwouldgoatonce.如果我是你，我马上就会去。（非真实条件状语从句）二、虚拟语气在条件从句中：【例句】1.If you had come a few minutes earlier，you would have met him.要是你早来

3、几分钟的话，你就能见到他了。（与过去事实相反）2.If it were sunny tomorrow，i would come to see you.明天要是天气好的话，我来看你。（与将来事实可能相反）3.If i were you，i would go at once.假如我是你的话，我会马上走。（与现在事实相反，事实上我不可能是你）主从句的谓语形式时间If从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式现在did/wereWould/could/should/might+V.（原原过去had doneWould/could/should/might+have+p.p将来1.did/were2.should d

4、o3.were to doWould/could/should/might+V.（原）（一）与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句表示与现在事实相反的情况，例1.IfIwereyou,Iwouldtakeanumbrella.如果我是你，我会带把伞。（事实：我不可能是你）2.IfIknewhistelephonenumber,Iwouldtellyou.如果我知道他的电话号码，我就会告诉你。（事实：不知道）3.Iftherewerenoairorwater,therewouldbenolivingthingsontheearth.如果没有水和空气，地球上就不会有生物。(事实：地球上既有空气也有水)4.If

5、Ihadanymoneywithme,Icouldlendyousome.如果我带钱了，我就会借给你些。（事实：没带钱）5.Ifhestudiedharder,hemightpasstheexam.如果他再努力些，就能通过考试了。（事实：没有努力If+主+did（were），主+would/should/could/might+动词原形（二）与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句例：1.IfIhadgotthereearlier,Ishould/couldhavemether.如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。（事实：去晚了）2.Ifhehadtakenmyadvice,hewouldnothavemades

6、uchamistake.如果他听我的劝告的话，就不会犯这样的错误了。（事实：没有听我的话）If+主+had done sth，主+would/should/could/might+动词完成式（have done）（三）表示对将来情况的主观推测例：1.Ifheshouldcomeheretomorrow,Ishould/wouldtalktohim.如果他哪天来这儿的话，我就跟他谈谈。（事实：来的可能性很小）2.IftherewereaheavysnownextSunday,wewouldnotgoskating.如果下周日下大雪，我们就不能去滑冰了。（事实：不知能否下雪）3.Ifshewere

7、tobetherenextMonday,Iwouldtellheraboutthematter.如果她下周一来这儿的话，我就会告诉她这件事的始末。If+主+did（were to/should do），主+would/should/could/might+动词原形（在表示建议、命令、要求等含义的宾语从句，谓语动词常用虚拟语气，should动词原形构成，should可省略。）（四）有时，主句和条件状语从句的谓语动作若不是同时发生时，虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。如：IfIhadworkedhardatschool,Iwouldb

8、eanengineer,too.如果我在学校学习刻苦的话，我现在也会成为一个工程师了Iftheyhadinformedus,wewouldnotcomeherenow.如果他们通知过我们的话，我们现在就不会来这里了。从句的动作与现在事实相反，而主句的动作与过去事实不符。如：Ifhewerefreetoday,wewouldhavesenthimtoBeijing.如果他今天有空的话，我们会已经派他去北京了。Ifheknewher,hewouldhavegreetedher.要是他认识她的话，他肯定会去问候她了。从句的动作与过去发生的情况相反，而主句的动作与现在正在发生的情况相反。如：Ifith

9、adnotbeenrainingtoomuch,thecropswouldbegrowingmuchbetter.如果天不下太多的雨的话，庄稼会长得更好。Ifhehadbeenworkinghard,hewouldbeworkingintheofficenow.要是他一直努力工作的话，他现在已进了办公室了。（五）if虚拟句的倒装当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were,should,had时，if可以省略，这时条件从句要用倒装语序，即将were,should,had等词置于句首，这种多用于书面语。如：Shouldheagreetogothere,wewouldsendhimthere.要是他答应去的

10、话，我们就派他去。Wereshehere,shewouldagreewithus.如果她在这儿的话，她会同意我们的。Hadhelearntaboutcomputers,wewouldhavehiredhimtoworkhere.如果她懂一些电脑知识的话，我们已经聘用他来这里工作了。如果条件状语中有were，had，should时，可以倒装成：were/should/had+主+其他If i were you，i would try it again. 如果我是你，我会再试一次。 Were i you,If he had been there yesterday，he would have se

11、en the film. Had he been there yesterday,If it should snow tomorrow,we wouldnt go out. Should it snow tomorrow,（六）非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表达出来，只暗含在副词、介词短语、上下文或其他方式表示出来，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句，在多数情况下，条件会暗含在短语中，如without.,butfor.等Butforhishelp,wewouldbeworkingnow.要不是他的帮助，我们还会在工作呢。Withoutyourinstruction,Iwouldnothavemadesuc

12、hgreatprogress.要是没有你的指导，我不会取得如此大的进步。Wedidntknowhistelephonenumber;otherwisewewouldhavetelephonedhim.我们不知道他的电话号码，否则我们就会给他打电话。（七）有时，虚拟条件句中，主、从句可以省略其中的一个，来表示说话人的一种强烈的感情。省略从句Hewouldhavefinishedit.他本该完成了。Youcouldhavepassedthisexam.你应该能通过这次考试了。省略主句IfIwereathomenow.要是我现在在家里该多好啊。IfonlyIhadgotit.要是我得到它了该多好啊。

13、1.the exam，he would have attend a college.A.If he passed B.Had he passed C.Were he passed D.If he should pass2.five minutes earlier，you could have seen them off.A.If you should arrive B.If you arrive C.Had you arrive D.Should you arrive翻译句子：1.If_(如果明天不下雨的话),wewillgotothezoo.2_(如果你生病了),youmustseethed

14、octor.3.Youllhavetohavearest_（如果你感到累）4_(如果我们训练海豚),theyperformtricks.5Parrotsrepeatwords_(如果你教他们)6_(如果老虎住在野外),theywillhuntfortheirownfood.7.Ifyoudonothurryup,_.(你会上学迟到).练习以及解析1.Ienjoyedthemovieverymuch.IwishI_thebookfromwhichitwasmade.A.havereadB.hadreadC.shouldhavereadD.arereading2.Youarelate.Ifyou_

15、afewminutesearlier,you_him.A.come;wouldmeetB.hadcome;wouldhavemetC.come;willmeetD.hadcome;wouldmeet3.Thetwostudentstalkedasifthey_friendsforyears.A.shouldbeB.wouldbeC.havebeenD.hadbeen5.Helookedasifhe_illforalongtime.A.wasB.wereC.hasbeenD.hadbeen7.IwishthatI_withyoulastnight.A.wentB.couldgo C.havego

16、neD.couldhavegone9.I cantstandhim.Healwaystalksasthoughhe_everything.A.knewB.knowsC.hasknownD.hadknown10._thefog,weshouldhavereachedourschool.A.BecauseofB.InspiteofC.IncaseofD.Butfor11.Ifyouhadtoldmeinadvance,I_himattheairport.A.wouldmeetB.wouldhadmetC.wouldhavemetD.wouldhavemeet12.Mikecantakehiscar

17、apartandputitbacktogetheragain.Icertainlywishhe_mehow.A.teachesB.willteachC.hastaughtD.wouldteach16.Hesuggestedthatthey_useatrickinsteadoffighting.A.shouldB.wouldC.doD.had17.MyfatherdidnotgotoNewYork;thedoctorsuggestedthathe_there.A.notwentB.wontgoC.notgoD.nottogo19.WouldyouratherI_buyinganewbike?A.

18、decidedagainstB.willdecideagainstC.havedecidedD.shalldecideagainst20.Youlooksotiredtonight.Itishigh timeyou_.A.gotosleepB.wenttosleepC.gotobedD.wenttobed21.Whydidntyoubuyanewcar?IwouldhaveboughtoneifI_enoughmoney.A.hadB.havehadC.wouldhaveD.hadhad22.Ifshecouldsew,_.A.shemakeadressB.shewouldhavemadeas

19、hirtC.shewillmakeashirtD.shewouldhadmadeacoat24.Hisdoctorsuggestedthathe_ashorttripabroad.A.willtakeB.wouldtakeC.takeD.took25.TheBakersarrivedlastnight.Iftheydonlyletusknowearlier,_atthestation.A.wedmeetthemB.wellmeetthemC.wedhavemetthemD.wevemetthem26.IfI_you,I_moreattentiontoEnglishidiomsandphrase

20、s.A.was;shallpayB.am;willpayC.wouldbe;wouldpayD.were;wouldpay27.Wemighthavefailedifyou_usahelpinghand.A.havenotgivenB.wouldnotgiveC.hadnotgivenD.didnotgive28.Thelawrequiresthateveryone_hiscarcheckedatleastonceayear.A.hasB.hadC.haveD.willhave29.Itisstrangethathe_so.A.wouldsayB.wouldspeakC.shouldsayD.

21、willspeak30.HadIknownhername,_A.ordoessheknowmine?B.andwheredoesshelive?C.shewouldbebeautiful.D.Iwouldhaveinvitedhertolunch.翻译句子：1.itdoesntraintomorrow2.Ifyouareill3.ifyoufeeltired4.Ifwetraindolphins5.ifyouteachthem6.Iftigersliveinthewild7.youwillbelateforschool15BBDD610DAD1115CD 1620ACAD2125DBCCC26

22、30DCCCD3135DDCCB3640DCACD解析：1.wish后面用虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反用过去完成时。2.条件句表示与过去事实相反，主句用过去将来完成时，从句用过去完成时。3.asif后面如果表示真实情况就不用虚拟。5.asif后面是真实情况，不虚拟。7.couldhavedone表示“本来可以”。9.asif表示不可能发生的事情时用虚拟语气。本句as though后面是与现在相反的虚拟语气 所以用 一般过去时.10.butfor表示“要不是的话”，通常与虚拟语气搭配使用。11.inadvance表示“事先”，表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。12.wish的宾语从句表示发生在将来的

23、愿望用过去将来时。16.suggest后面的宾语从句用sb.shoulddo的形式。17.suggest后面的从句用sb.shoulddo的形式，should可以省略。19.wouldrather的宾语从句用sb.did的形式。20.Itistime后面的定语从句用sb.did的形式。Its time + that 时，that可省略，time可由high,about修饰，从句中的谓语动词有两种形式，或者用动词的过去式(be用were); 或者用shoud + 动词原形（should不能省略)。此句型为虚拟语气句型，表示“现在某人该做某事了”。21.第一个had是过去完成时，第二个had表示“有”。22.wouldhavedone是过去将来完成时，表示与过去相反的虚拟语气。24.suggest后面的从句用sb.shoulddo的形式，should可以省略。25.表示与过去事实相反，主句用过去将来完成时。26.在虚拟语气中，不管什么人称，be动词都要用were的形式。27.表示与过去事实相反，从句用过去完成时。28.require后面的从句用sb.shoulddo的形式，should可以省略。29.Itisstrangethat是主语从句的虚拟语气，从句用sb.shoulddo的形式。30.hadIknown是与过去相反的虚拟语气的倒装形式。时间：2021.03.12创作：欧阳文