通用版届高三英语二轮复习 第一板块 语法填空与短文改错 题型二 短文改错.docx

1、通用版届高三英语二轮复习 第一板块 语法填空与短文改错 题型二 短文改错题型二短文改错 对应学生用书P8短文改错主要考查语法基础知识，语篇通常取材于考生自己的习作或类似于考生的随笔，且话题常见，篇章结构的难易程度符合高中生的认知水平，即通俗易懂，基本上无生僻的语言障碍和怪、偏、难的语法结构。短文词数通常与书面表达一样，也是100词左右。感悟高考A(2016全国卷)My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live. Though not very big, but the restaurant is popular in our

2、 area. It is always crowded with customers at meal times. Some people even had to wait outside. My uncle tells me that the key to his success is honest. Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables or high quality oil are using for cooking. My uncle says that he never dreams becoming rich in the sh

3、ort period of time. Instead, he hopes that our business will grow steady. 答案：第一句：thatwhere第二句：去掉but第四句：hadhave第五句：honesthonesty第六句：orand; usingused第七句：dreams后加of; thea第八句：ourhis; steadysteadilyB(2016全国卷)The summer holiday is coming. My classmates and I are talking about how to do during the holiday.

4、 We can chose between staying at home and take a trip. If we stay at home, it is comfortable but there is no need to spend money. But in that case, we will learn little about world. If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden your view and gain knowledges we cannot get from books. Some classmates sugg

5、est we can go to places of interest nearby. I thought that it is a good idea. It does not cost many, yet we can still learn a lot.答案：第二句：howwhat第三句：chosechoose; taketaking第四句：butand第五句：world前加the第六句：yourour; knowledgesknowledge第七句：去掉can或canshould第八句：thoughtthink第九句：manymuchC(2016全国卷)The teenage year

6、 from 13 to 19 were the most difficult time for me. They were also the best and worse years in my life. At the first, I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by yourself. However, my parents didnt seem to think such. They always tell me what to do and how to do it. At one time, I even f

7、elt my parents couldnt understand me so I hoped I could be freely from them. I showed them I was independent by wear strange clothes. Now I am leaving home to college. At last, I will be on my own, but I still want to have my parents to turn to whenever need help.答案：第一句：yearyears第二句：worseworst第三句：去掉

8、first前面的the; yourselfmyself第四句：suchso第五句：telltold第六句：freelyfree第七句：wearwearing第八句：college前面的tofor第九句：need前加I全国卷3年考情分析考查点年份卷别错词多词、缺词名词冠词代词介词形容词副词时态语态非谓语连词引导词情态动词主谓一致冠词代词介词时态副词连词2016卷111/111/11/1/1卷1/2/1/1112/1/卷1/11211/1/11/2015卷1/211/2/1/1/1/卷11/1/12/1/1/1/1/2014卷1/11221/1/1卷1/111/2/1111/一、短文改错命题原则表

9、高考就考这些点着眼点具体思考点词法动词时态、语态、非谓语动词、情态动词与虚拟语气名词可数不可数、单数还是复数、是否需用所有格代词主格与宾格、人称与物主、人称与反身、各种不定代词形容词、副词原级、比较级、最高级冠词不定冠词、定冠词还是零冠词介词基本用法、固定搭配词性误用形容词与副词、形容词与名词、名词与动词句法连词(并列连词和从句引导词)、主谓一致，there be句型与特殊句式行文逻辑时态一致、指代一致、逻辑一致二、短文改错意识原则表答题就按此法办短文改错10处错误中，设错方式是有规律的，一般情况下，多、缺词23个，错词78个，做完题后，可按此规律进行查验。见右表 类型总数(10)具体思考点多

10、、缺词23be的各种形式、介词、冠词、不定式符号、三大从句引导词、代词、副词、固定搭配中的虚词错词78连词、三大从句引导词、动词、名词、代词、形容词、副词等 对应学生用书P9 一、冠词1冠词的错用单句改错(2016全国卷)My uncle says that he never dreams of becoming rich in the short period of time. _分析：此处表示“在一段短暂的时间内”，并没有特指在哪一段时间，所以应该把the改为a。(2015全国卷)Tony saw a toy in a shop window . A woman saw him cryin

11、g and told him to wait outside a shop._分析：特指上文提到的商店，因此要用定冠词the。故把第三个a改为the。(2014辽宁高考)Besides, Cleo tends to bark a average of six hours a day. _分析：average 以元音音素开头，前面的不定冠词应为an。故把a改为an。(2014四川高考)Soon the firefighters will come and put out a fire. _分析：此处的fire应为特指，故把a改为the。规律总结 a和an的错用：元音音素前用an，辅音音素前用a。

12、不定冠词和定冠词的错用：表示特指时用定冠词the；表示泛指时用不定冠词a(n)。注意固定搭配中冠词的使用情况。2冠词的缺失与多余单句改错(2016全国卷)But in that case, we will learn little about world._分析：world是独一无二的事物，故在world前加the。(2016四川高考)I asked Mom to stay in the sitting room and I cooked in kitchen._分析：此处应指我们家的厨房，故在kitchen前加the。(2015浙江高考)I was always interested to

13、see the drivers in hurry in the morning. _分析：in a hurry为固定词组，意为“匆忙”，故在hurry前加a。(2014全国卷)There are all kinds of the flowers and trees around the classroom buildings._分析：表示“各种各样的花和树”时flowers and trees应为泛指，前面不能加定冠词。故把flowers前面的the去掉。规律总结 单数可数名词前冠词的缺失：一般来说，单数可数名词前应有适当的冠词，表示泛指用a(n)，表示特指用the。冠词的多余：可数名词复数或

14、不可数名词表示泛指时不用冠词。常用固定搭配中冠词的缺失与多余：固定搭配中的冠词是固定的，只有记住才是硬道理。二、介词1介词的错用单句改错(2016全国卷)Now I am leaving home to college._分析：leave .for .“离开某地到另外一个地方”。故to改为for。(2015全国卷)Tony saw a toy on a shop window._分析：结合生活常识可知，这里表示在商店橱窗里摆放着一个玩具，应用in。故on改为in。(2014全国卷)Nearly five years ago, and with the help by our father, m

15、y sister and I planted some cherry tomatoes (圣女果) in our back garden._分析：with the help of意为“在的帮助下”，是固定搭配。故by改为of。(2014四川高考)Today, I am going to talk with what you should do when a fire alarm goes off. _分析：句意：今天，我想谈一下火警响后你们应该做什么。talk about sth.意为“谈论某事”，talk with sb.意为“与某人谈话”，故with改为about。规律总结 介词基本用法的

16、错用：有时我们会受汉语的影响错用介词，例如：“在墙上有一个洞”，英语应用in the wall而不是on the wall。固定搭配中介词的错用：介词可与名词、动词、形容词等构成固定搭配，其中的介词是固定的。有时搭配中介词不同意义也不同。2介词的缺失与多余单句改错(2016四川高考)Dad cleaned the house, and then went on shopping._分析：go shopping为固定短语，意为“去购物”，go on shopping意为“继续购物”。故去掉on。(2015四川高考)Please help with me and give me some advi

17、ce._分析：help为及物动词，后面直接跟宾语。故去掉with。(2015陕西高考)My soccer coach retired in last week. _分析：当用作时间状语的词前有last，next时，其前不用介词。故去掉介词in。(2014全国卷)We can lie on the grass for a rest, or sit by the lake listening music._分析：listen是不及物动词，后接宾语时要跟介词to，故listening后加to。规律总结 介词的缺失：不及物动词后跟宾语时应加相应的介词。介词的多余：及物动词后直接跟宾语，无需再加介词；l

18、ast，next后跟名词表时间时无需加介词。三、名词1名词数与格的错用单句改错(2016全国卷)The teenage year from 13 to 19 were the most difficult time for me. _分析：13至19岁的那几年，year当然要用复数形式。故year改为years。(2016四川高考)Mom has a fulltime job, but she has to do most of the houseworks._分析：housework为不可数名词，没有复数形式。故houseworks改为housework。(2014辽宁高考)Weve cal

19、led several time about Cleos early morning barking._分析：此处time表示“次数”为可数名词，前面有several，应用复数。故time改为times。(2016天水一中模拟)But the problem is that there are not enough sports facilities to meet the public growing demand._分析：此处表示“满足公众的日益增长的需求”，应用所有格。故public改为publics。规律总结 可数名词单复数的错用：一般考查错把复数用作单数，偶尔也考查错把单数用作复数。

20、不可数名词单复数的错用：不可数名词没有复数形式。可数名词与不可数名词混淆：有些词既可用作可数名词也可用作不可数名词，应注意具体语境。误把名词的普通格用作所有格：表示“的”应用所有格形式。2名词与形容词、名词与动词的错用单句改错(2016全国卷)My uncle tells me that the key to his success is honest. _分析：主语是key，表语与其构成同位关系，并非对主语的描述，应用名词。故honest改为honesty。(2013全国卷) This made for the grow in the porcelain industry._分析：此处gro

21、w要作介词for的宾语，应用名词形式。故grow改为growth。规律总结 误把名词用作形容词：作表语时，与主语构成同位关系一般用名词，形容词一般是对主语的描述。误把动词用作名词：在冠词、介词后一般用名词。四、代词1代词的错用单句改错(2016全国卷)If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden your view and gain knowledge we cannot get from books._分析：由前面的“we go on a trip”和“we can broaden”可知，应把your改为our。(2016全国卷)It does not

22、cost many, yet we can still learn a lot._分析：本句中代词much代替不可数名词much money作动词cost的宾语，而many通常代替可数名词的复数形式。故many改为much。(2016全国卷)At first, I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by yourself._分析：句意：起初，我认为我什么都知道，可以自己拿主意。根据主语I可知，应用myself。故yourself改为myself。(2015浙江高考)Close to the school there was a

23、 beautiful park with many trees around them._分析：此处代词them指代前面的park，应是单数，所以用it。故them改为it。(2013陕西高考)We took ours fishing poles and headed for the lake. _分析：修饰fishing poles时前面应为形容词性物主代词。故ours改为our。(2016福建省普通高中毕业班质检)Im going to a conference in you town in May, from 16th to 20th._分析：此处指我要去你/你们的城市去开会，应把you

24、改为your。(2016太原五中模拟)I need to take some exercise every day and find ways to relax me. _分析：句意：我需要每天锻炼，并想法放松自己。与主语I相对应的反身代词是myself。故me改为myself。规律总结 代词数的错用：人称代词、物主代词以及反身代词等都有单复数之分，要根据上下文确定单复数。物主代词的错用：形容词性物主代词相当于形容词，不能单独使用，常用来修饰名词；名词性物主代词相当于名词，常单独使用，不能修饰名词。人称代词与物主代词的错用：人称代词表示“谁”，而物主代词表示“谁的”。人称代词与反身代词的错用：

25、反身代词是指代主语的，使动作的发出者把动作反射到本人身上。若所用代词与主语不一致，就要用人称代词而不用反身代词。不定代词的错用：常见的有many与much，some(thing)与any(thing)，other与another，表示两者的both，either，neither与表示三者或三者以上的all，none等。代词的指代错误：若文中出现代词，它所代替的词一定存在于前文的某处，要注意它们的一致性。2代词的缺失与多余单句改错(2016全国卷)At last, I will be on my own, but I still want to have my parents to turn t

26、o whenever need help._分析：whenever引导让步状语从句，从句缺主语，根据句意可知，“我”需要父母的帮助，故在whenever后加I。(2015全国卷)Five minutes later, Tony saw parents._分析：这里指Tony的父母，因此saw后面需加his。(2016银川市质检)Sometimes we may find difficult to follow the teacher and some students may even give up learning English._分析：本句中find为谓语动词，difficult作宾补

27、，中间缺少形式宾语it。故find后加it。(2016洛阳市模拟)That is the man I met him in Beijing last year. _分析：the man后为定语从句，引导词在从句中作met的宾语，可以省略。此处作met宾语的引导词whom/who/that已省略，him就不能再作met的宾语。故去掉him。规律总结 代词的缺失：主要是人称代词与物主代词的缺失，若缺少主语需考虑是否用人称代词，还要根据上下文考虑名词前是否缺少物主代词。代词的多余：主要是定语从句中代词的多余。在定语从句中，若引导词在从句中作宾语，此时就不能再用it，him或them等作宾语。五、形容词和副词 1形容词之间、副词之间的错用单句改错(2015全国卷)Much rare animals are dying out._分析：much修饰不可数名词，rare animals为复数形式，故把Much改为Many。(2015全国卷)He liked it so very much that he quickly walked into the shop._分析：此处为so .that .句式，so和very表达的意思重复，故应去掉very。(2013四川高考) I found the test difficult, but I tried hardly to do it._