高考英语写作句子类型及常见错误解析.docx

1、高考英语写作句子类型及常见错误解析高考英语写作句子类型及常见错误解析第一部分：写作英语句子的类型Declarative(陈述句)：Makes an assertion (主张，断定) or a statement 例：Light travels faster than sound .1.Interrogative(疑问句): Ask a question2.Imperative(祈使句) : Express a command or a request3.Exclamatory(感叹句): Express a strong feeling or emotion . 例：What a stran

2、ge idea it is .4.Simple (简单句):one subject and one predicate-verb(谓语动词)5.Compound(并列句)：consists of two or more independent clauses(从句) or simple sentence ,linked by a coordinating conjunction（并列连词）（and , but , or ,while , yet , for ,so ,both , in addition , furthermore ,moreover, likewise/similarly ,

3、namely, that is to say ,or else ,otherwise .and ,etc）或者分号 . 例：Her brother is an engineer and her sister is a painter . 6.Complex(复合句)(1).名词性(nominal)从句：a.主语从句(subject clause ):一个句子在复合句中充当主语，那么这个句子就是主语从句。引导主语从句的连词有that , what , whether , who whatever 等。例：Whether she comes or not makes no difference.

4、b.宾语从句(object clause )：We hope that we go to Huang Shan Mountain this summer. C.表语从句(predicative clause) ：The problem is what we should do first .d.同位语从句(appositive clause )：Many people have an false belief that wealth is the chief source of happiness.(2).形容词性从句: a .限制性定语从句(relative clause)：Every ad

5、vance brings new problems that await solution . b.非限制定语从句：Money , as we know ,is the root of all evils . c . 副词性从句 (状语从句 adverbial clause)：1）时间状语从句:It rains each time I arrive at Shanghai . 2)地点状语从句：Where bees are , there is honey. 3) 条件状语从句：If you work hard , you will achieve your ambition . 4) 目的状

6、语从句：She exercises daily so that she can lose weight . 5) 原因状语从句：Young as she was , she was unable to do the job well . 6) 结果状语从句：They talked loudly , so that everyone heard what was said . 7) 让步状语从句：Although I understand what you say , I can not agree with you . 8) 比较状语从句 ：The more he thanked me , t

7、he less pleased I felt . 9）方式状语从句:You have to fill in the form as you have been instructed .7.Compound-Complex(并列复合句)：一个或多个从句，两个主句8.Loose(松散句) ：主句在前，从句在后. 例:She missed the step and sprained her ankle .9.Periodic(尾重句 , 掉尾句)：从句在前，主句在后. 例：It is a pleasure to read good books . Badly frightened by the ex

8、plosion , the boy rushed out of the laboratory . I could tell that he was disappointed by the tone of his voice and the look on his face .10.Balanced Sentences ( 平 衡 句 ) 例：It will not be done by the Government ; it cannot be done by Parliament . Art is long , but life is short . I came , I saw , I c

9、onquered . Man proposes , God disposes .11.插入句型（插入语：parenthesis）(1)副词类：Finally , the environment is clean and comfortable .(列举) Moreover , we should widen the public understanding of education . (递进)Briefly , health is more important than wealth . (结论)Really , we cannot afford to wait for them to ch

10、ange their minds .(强调)Naturally , the children are behaving well while you are here .(事实)Hence（因此） , parents should give children enough freedom to develop . (结果)Personally , I think people who drive should not drink .(推理)You cannot have a cake and eat it ; likewise/similarly , you cannot idle away

11、your time and score high on the final examination .(比较)Other people , however , think differently .(对照)12.否定句型(nothing , nothing but , not , it goes without saying that , far from , unable , beyond , hardly ,little , neither nor , out of the question , have no alternative but to , without exception

12、, by no means , in no way ) . 例: Nothing improves writing but writing . Not every dictionary is valuable . The harvests in 1848 was far from normal . I cannot agree with him more . You can hardly imagine how difficult the task is . No one is denying now that smoking is a great danger to health . 13.

13、倒装句（inverted）(No sooner than , Hardly when )例：Only in this way can we pass the exam .14.对比句型: not so much A as B (与其说A 倒不如说B ) 例：It was not so much his appearance I liked as his personality . A no more than B（ A和B一样也不） A man can no more fly than a bird can speak . A no less than B (A和B一样都) no more t

14、han （仅仅，至多） not more than( 不多于，不超过) The interview lasted no more than five minutes . no less than (多达，至少，简直是) not less than （不少于，超过）more A than B(与其说B倒不如说A ) in comparison with (和.比起来) in contrast with（和 .相反，与形成对比）15.描述句型：例：Your suitcase is almost four times as heavy as mine .16.被动句型:（passive senten

15、ce）Good use should be made of your time .17.虚拟(subject mood):If there were no air , all living things would die . But for the rain ,we should have had a pleasant journey .18.独立结构句型:(independent structure ) There being no train , we had to wait till the next day .第二部分：写错英语句子的类型一、母语干扰型许多同学在进行英语写作时，很容易

16、受汉语的影响而写错句子，即写出所谓的Chinlish。这是最常见的错误之一。如：1. 事实上，这个人年纪很轻。误：In fact, the mans age is very young.正：In fact, the man is very young.析：中国人常说“年纪轻”，但英语中的 young 本身就有“年纪轻”的意思，它习惯上不再与age 搭配使用。类似地，汉语说“他年纪很大”，不能译成 His age is very old，而应是 He is very old. 2. 我的工作太忙，我不能来。误：My work is too busy and I cant come.正：Im to

17、o busy and I cant come.析：汉语说“工作忙”，实际上是指“人忙”。类似地，要表达汉语中的“我的事情很忙”，英语只需说 Im busy 就够了，而不能说成 My things are busy. 3. 这个老太太的左眼瞎了。误：The old womans left eye is blind.正：The old woman is blind in the left eye.析：汉语中说“眼瞎”，而按英语习惯却要说“人瞎”，瞎在哪儿?瞎在“眼睛”，所以英语中要表达类似意思总是用“人”作主语，而用介词短语引出“瞎”的位置。同样地，要表示“他的左腿是跛的”，不能说成 His le

18、ft leg is lame, 而应说成 He is lame in his left leg. 4. 他身体很好，很少生病。误：His body is good / healthy, and seldom falls ill.正：Hes healthy, and seldom falls ill.析：汉语说“身体好”，其实是指某人的健康处于一种良好的状态，而绝不是指他的躯体是完好的。5. 我讨厌周末拥挤的交通。误：I hate the crowded traffic on weekends.正：I hate the busy / heavy traffic on weekends.析：汉语可

19、说“拥挤的交通、街道、房间、商店等”，而英语中虽然可说 crowded streets / rooms, shops等，但习惯上不说 crowded traffic。6. 汤姆打了鲍勃的脸。误：Tom hit Bobs face.正：Tom hit Bob in the face.析：汉语中可以说“打某人的脸”，而英语中必须先说“打某人”再+介词+the+身体的某个部位。又如“打某人的鼻子”译为hit sb. on the nose.“抓住某人的胳膊”译为catch sb. by the arm.二、成分残缺型许多同学在进行英语写作时，通常不考虑句子的完整性而写出一些成分残缺的句子。如：1.

20、他的笔头英语不错，但口语不行。误：His written English is good, but not good at spoken English.正：His written English is good, but his spoken English is not good.正：He is good at written English, but not good at spoken English.析：误句中 but 后的句子缺适当的主语，因为 good at spoken English 的主语应是“他”，而不是 his written English。2. 英语很有趣，我的确很

21、喜欢。误：English is very interesting, and I really like very much.正：English is very interesting, and I really like it very much.析：like 是及物动词，其后通常应有宾语。3. 别怕，我们会帮你的。误：Dont afraid; well help you.正：Dont be afraid; well help you.析：误句谓语不完整，因为 afraid 是形容词，不是动词，不能单独作谓语，必须和连系动词一起构成谓语。当然，若说成 Dont fear，则完全可以。4.住在我

22、隔壁的李明是个医生。误：Li Ming, lives next to me, is a doctor.正：Li Ming, who lives next to me, is a doctor.正：Li Ming, living next to me, is a doctor.析：误句中定语成分不完整。定语从句是一个完整的句子，当先行词指人且关系代词在从句中作主语时要用that或who。也可用现在分词短语作后置定语。5. 你介意我问你一个问题吗?误：Do you mind I ask you a question?正：Do you mind if I ask you a question?正：D

23、o you mind my asking you a question?析：误句中的主句和从句之间缺少连接词。也可以用动名词短语作mind的宾语。6. 他考试及格了使他妈妈很高兴。误：He passed the exam made his mother very happy.正：That he passed the exam made his mother very happy.正：He passed the exam, which made his mother very happy.析：误句中的主语应该是由主语从句来承担的。that引导主语从句，不做成分，无实际意义，但不能省略。也可以用非

24、限定性定语从句。三、想当然型有的同学在写作时，常将一些似是而非的东西想当然乱用，不注意语言的准确性和地道性。如：1. 我说两个小时的时候，那是包括了吃饭的时间。误：When I say two hours, which includes the time for eating.正：When I say two hours, that includes the time for eating.析：许多同学往往想当然地认为在逗号后面总是用 which 引导定语从句，而不用 that。其实，本句中的 that includes the time for eating 不是定语从句，而是主句(that

25、 用作主句主语)，其前的 when I say two hours 为状语从句。2. 你应该更注意练习你的英语口语。误：You should pay more attention to practise your spoken English. 正：You should pay more attention to practising your spoken English.析：有的同学们认为to后总是接动词原形，构成不定式。其实，此句中的to不是不定式符号，而是介词，所以其后的动词要用原形。3. 几年前，对大多数中国人来说，在家里有一台电脑的想法还是不大现实的。误：Just a few ye

26、ars ago, the idea to have a computer in ones home seemed very difficult for most Chinese.正：Just a few years ago, the idea of having a computer in ones home seemed very difficult for most Chinese.析：许多同学认为表示做某事就用动词不定式，这要根据具体情况来定。idea后面要用of短语说明idea的内容。4. 尽管他只有十六岁，但是他已经学会用英语和外国人交谈了。误：Although he is a bo

27、y of sixteen, but he has learned to talk with the foreigners in English.正：Although he is a boy of sixteen, he has learned to talk with the foreigners in English.正：He is a boy of sixteen, but he has learned to talk with the foreigners in English.析：许多同学往往认为“虽然但是”是关联词组。但although是从属连词，而but为并列连词，故不能同时出现在

28、同一句中。类似的还有because和so，也不能连用。5. 他迟到的原因是因为他没赶上早班车。误：The reason why he was late is because he didnt catch the early bus. 正：The reason why he was late is that he didnt catch the early bus.析：许多同学认为“因为”表原因就用because，但在此句The reason whyis that中that引导表语从句，无实际意义。6. 他说他将尽最大努力学好英语。误：He said he would do what he co

29、uld learn English well.正：He said he would do what he could to learn English well.正：He said he would do / try his best to learn English well.析：情态动词后只能跟动词原形。于是有的同学就出现了误句。实际上，此句中“学好英语”是“尽最大努力”的目的状语，应该用不定式。四、思维定势型有的同学不能灵活地运用所学知识进行表达，而是凭印象观念，结果写错句子。1. 我永远不会忘记我们一起度过的日子。误：Ill never forget the days when we

30、spent together.正：Ill never forget the days which / that we spent together.析：有的同学记住了定语从句的规则，当先行词指时间时，关系词用when，而没用考虑它在定语从句中做什么成分。此句中的spent是及物动词，应由which或that替代the days作它的宾语。2. 炎日下没有比一杯冷饮更让人愉悦的了。误：Few pleasures can equal those of a cool drink on a hot day. 正：Few pleasures can equal that of a cool drink

31、on a hot day.析：有的同学只知道用that指代前面的单数或不可数名词，用those指代复数名词。殊不知，此句中Few pleasures和a cool drink这种乐趣相比，因此应该看成单数概念。3. 他从上一星期二一直病着。误：He has been ill from last Tuesday. 正：He has been ill since last Tuesday. 析：有的同学认为“从”译为from, 如：从7点到9点from7 to 9;从家到学校from home to school. 但在现在完成式中却用since.4. 那个丢失的孩子最后一次被看见在河边玩。误：T

32、he missing boy was last seen to play near the river.正：The missing boy was last seen playing near the river.析：有的同学只记得：在主动语态中感官动词后面不带to,而变为被动语态时则必须带to. 因此没有具体分析，此句是考查感官动词后接现在分词表示动态情景。“看见某人正在做某事”译为see sb. doing sth.,变为被动语态为sb. is seen doing sth.5. 他很少上学迟到，如果有的话，也很少。误：He is seldom, if any , late for school.正：He is seldom, if ever, late for schoo