最新高考英语必考语法大全简约版.docx

1、最新高考英语必考语法大全简约版高考英语必考语法大全（史上最简约版）高考之前，各位考生需要从以下几个方面做好准备：词法、句法、时态与语态、非谓语动词、虚拟语气、倒装句接下来我们分别对这些知识进行讲解阐释：第一：词法作用：英语是由词、句、篇构成，单词的词性是打开英语大门的钥匙，词法是英语学习的基础。地位：词法能帮助考生理解许多英语概念，只有掌握了词性知识，才能理解英语句子结构，从而理解句子及整篇文章。学习方法：牢固掌握每个词性的句法功能，及每个句子成分都由哪些词性的单词构成。主抓实词，兼顾虚词，总结固定词组。名词A.句法功能主语：The book is on the desk.表语：The tal

2、l man is a singer.宾语：I found a cat on the grass.宾语补足语：We call him a hero.定语：I found a stone wall in the village.同位语：Mr. Liu, our English teacher, is very handsome.状语：The desk weighs 20 kilograms.B. 所有格a.含义：表所属关系：my moms dress表类别：a womans school表动作的执行者或承受者：my fathers praiseb.分类s所有格 表有生命的my fathers ca

3、rof所有格 表无生命的 the cover of the book双重所有格 表部分概念或某种感情 a friend of my sisters 冠词不定冠词：a, an 表泛指，每一，类别，抽象名词具体化定冠词: the 表特指的人或物零冠词：表许多特殊含义和特殊用法代词A人称代词主格：I you he she it we you they 宾格：me you him her it us you themB 物主代词形容词性：my youre his her its our youre their名词性：mine yours his hers its ours yours theirsC

4、反身代词单数 myself yourself himself herself itself复数 ourselves yourselves themselvesD 相互代词each other one another each others one anothers E 指示代词this that these those such sameF 疑问代词who whom whose which whatG 连接代词who whom which what that whose whoever whomever whatever whichever等H 关系代词who whom whose which

5、 that asI 不定代词every-some-any-no-人-bodyeverybodysomebodyanybodynobody-oneeveryonesomeoneanyoneno one物-thingeverythingsomethinganythingnothing-whereeverywheresomewhereanywherenowhere注意：1. body和-one同义 2. thing有两个意思：东西和事情 3. some 有两个意思：一些和某一 some book some books 4. 不定代词的定语要后置J it的用法A用作代词a. 代上文提到的同一物b. 代

6、上文的指示代词c. 代天气、时间、距离、环境等d. 代不清楚的一个人e. 代整个句子B. 形式主语Its important for you to learn English well.C. 形式宾语Our boss made it clear that he would go abroad next month.D. 强调句型It is/was +主/宾/状+that/who +其余成分数词A. 年月日时刻及年代表达法a.基本顺序是月、日、年b. 具体时刻用atc. 具体某一天用on举例：at 3:40 on Sep 1st, 2009 in Aug, 2004 in the 1980sB.

7、 分数构成：基数词/序数词分子大于1时，分母用复数a half a quarter five and four sixths注意：本身没有单复数，根据它所代替的名词而决定C.百分数构成：基数词+percent注意：本身没有单复数，根据它所代替的名词而决定。D. 倍数表达方法My room is twice larger than his room.= My room is twice as large as his room.= My room is twice the size of his room.= The area of my room is twice that of his ro

8、om.= The area of my room is twice what his room has.总结：1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 注意相关形容词与其名词之间的转换long length high height wide width deep depth weight E. 数词和名词构成复合形容词a two-day holiday a 100-meter-tall building总结：名词作定语用单数 介词A. 按形式分类简单介词：in on at to from复合介词：into onto inside without短语介词：according to in front of b

9、ecause of instead of双重介词：from under from behind until after except for分词介词：considering including regardingB. 按意义分类时间：before after about past地点：at in on near原因、目的：for, because of owing to with for the sake of due to as a result of所属、伴随：of, with除了：except but besides except for方法、手段：in by with without关

10、于：on about of over 形容词与副词A. 形容词句法功能a定语I think he is the great man alive in the world.b宾语补足语You must keep your room tidy and clean.c 状语The boy lay on the bed, very angry.位置a. 前置He has a red coat.b. 后置I want to tell you something important.B. 副词分类a. 时间 now today already recentlyb. 地点 home here below a

11、headc. 程度 very quite rather onlyd. 频度 often always usually seldome. 方式 simply easily happily silentlyf. 语气 indeed certainly obviously fortunately句法功能：a. 定语 Do you know the man upstairs?b. 宾语补足语Can you show me out?c.状语They are working very hard.C. 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级a. 同级比较He is as good a boy as his broth

12、er.He has as many books as his brother.The tree is the same height as the building.He can read as many as 100 books in a month.To tell you the truth, I didnt sing as(so) well as my brother.b. 比较级This year they have produced less grain than they did last year.You Ming is much taller than my father.Th

13、e more you practice, the better you will speak English.Its getting hotter and hotter and our city is becoming more and more beautiful.c. 最高级He is the third tallest boy in our class. 动词a. 实义动词及物动词， 后接宾语He gave me a present yesterday.不及物动词，后不接宾语The sun is rising now.b.系动词be动词表“感觉”：look smell taste sou

14、nd feel表“变化”：become turn get go grow fall come run表“保持”：keep remain stay stand continue lie sit prove表：“似乎”：appear seemc. 助动词be do have will和shalld. 情态动词can/could 表能力 表许可 可能性 could表语气委婉may/might 用来询问 表可能性不大的推测，might语气更不肯定must/have to must表主观上的必须 have to表客观上的必须should/ought to 表应该（建议）应该（推测）shall 征询意见

15、表要求 命令 威胁等语气will/would 意愿 习惯性动作used to 过去常常，现在已非 后接动词原形 引申：be used to something/doing be used to do dare/needdare 敢 适用范围：疑问句、否定句、条件句need 需要，有必要 适用范围：否定句、疑问句易考知识点dare和need既是实义动词，又是情态动词注意dare和need的前后搭配had better 含义：最好(本质上是一种委婉的建议) 后接动词原形would rather 含义：宁愿，表选择 后接动词原形第二：句法考点解读：作用：本部分内容是高中英语的核心所在。可以好不夸张地

16、说，句法通，英语通。它在英语中的作用相当于一幢大楼的骨架。地位：会分析了句子成分才能理解简单句；掌握了六大句型，才会在写作中游刃有余，避免写出中式英语；而英语句子的理解难点就在主从复合句。学习方法：养成分析句子成分的习惯，当遇到难句、长句时，注意从句句子成分的角度去解决问题。不要把时间和精力放在对知识点的死记硬背上，要注意分析语言实践。考点梳理：A句子成分：主语：句子要说明的人或物Walls have ears.表语：说明主语的身份、特征、状态The dish smells very delicious.谓语：说明主语的动作或状态I bought a toy in the shop yeste

17、rday.宾语：表示动作的承受者I ate a piece of bread this morning.定语：修饰名词或代词The man on the left is my teacher.状语：修饰形容词、副词、动词或整个句子Well go where the people need us.补语：补充说明主语或宾语We call him a singer.同位语：放在名词或代词后面，说明其具体内容The news that he will come is true.并列成分：某个成分由多者并列The teacher came and saw me.独立成分：在句子中，和其它成分无语法关系的

18、词、词组、句子等This, I think, is your teacher.B 简单句六大句型The old man is coming.We should study science.Our city is very beautiful.The professor gave me a book.I found the cage empty.There stands a tree in front of our house.C 简单句的四个类型a.陈述句肯定句：They like skating.否定句：He didnt go shopping yesterday. We arent stu

19、dents.b. 疑问句一般疑问句 Are you interested in the music?特殊疑问句How many books are there in the room?选择疑问句 Does your sister work in a factory or in a company?反意疑问句 He is six years old, isnt he? You cant swim, can you?c.祈使句肯定祈使句 Practice speaking English every day.否定祈使句 Dont be afraid of making mistakes.d. 感叹

20、句what 引导What a clever boy my son is!What hardworking students I am teaching!What cold weather this is!What a size it is!how引导How hot and wet the weather is today!How bravely they fought the enemy!How fine a day it is!How time flies!C 三大从句a.名词性从句主语从句How the boy climbed up a tree isnt clear.宾语从句I dont

21、 know where I left my key.表语从句That is what I want.同位语从句I have no idea when he will be back.b定语从句Do you know the man who/that is standing by the window?Dont forget to bring the book which/that/省略the teacher gave you the other day.The patients whose temperature isnt normal are in the wards.The book wh

22、ose cover is red is an English book.She is no longer the girl that she was before she was married.He came at a time when we needed help.We know the place where our teacher lives.Do you know the reason why he was so happy?As we all know, the earth is round.c. 状语从句时间状语从句Ill discuss this with you when

23、we meet next time.地点Wherever you go, I will go with you.原因Im late because I missed the bus.目的He studied very hard so that he might make his parents happy.结果Hes such a good teacher that all the students like him.条件You can go out to play if you finish your homework on time.比较Hes taller than his father

24、.让步Although he is a child, he knows a lot.方式状语从句Please state the fact just as they are.第三：时态和语态考点解读作用：本部分内容是句子的灵魂。因为只要是英语句子，就涉及到不同的时态和主动、被动的问题。地位：在高中英语中处于“牵一发而动全身”的重要地位。学习方法：掌握每个时态必须从两点入手即可即定义及其构成。要注意时态表达不同的感情。A. 时态a. 一般现在时 定义：无时限或现在的动作或状态构成：动词原形；主语是单三，用动词的单三形式b. 一般过去时定义：表过去的动作或状态构成：过去式c. 一般将来时定义：表将

25、要发生的动作或状态构成：1. will/shall do2. am/is/are going to do 3. am/is/are to do4. am/is/are about to do5. 现在进行时，一般现在时表一般将来时d. 过去将来时定义：表在过去时间内将要发生的事情构成请参考一般将来时e. 现在进行时定义：现在正在进行的动作构成：am/is/are doing f. 过去进行时定义：表过去正在进行的动作was/were doing g. 将来进行时 定义：将来某一时间正在进行的动作构成：will/shall be doing h. 现在完成时定义：1.动作发生在过去，对现在有影响

26、2.动作发生在过去，一直持续到现在构成：have/has done i. 过去完成时定义：过去的过去构成：had done j. 将来完成时定义：到将来某个时刻为止已经完成的动作构成：will/shall have done k. 现在完成进行时定义：强调从过去到现在一直进行的动作构成：have/has been doing l. 过去完成进行时定义：过去的过去在一直进行的动作构成：had been doingB. 语态：被动语态基本构成：be done 情态动词+be donea. 一般现在时am/is/are done by Im give a book.b. 一般过去时was/were

27、done by The bike was bought yesterday.c. 一般将来时will be doneThe work will be finished next week.d. 过去将来时would be doneHe said he would be invited to the dinner.e. 现在进行时am/is/are being doneThe building is being built now.f. 过去进行时was/were being doneWhat was being done when I phoned you?g. 现在完成时have/has b

28、een doneThe hospital has been built.h.过去完成时had been doneWhen I came in, the bookcase had been made.第四：非谓语动词考点解读：作用：由于英语里的动词不作谓语便作非谓语，所以非谓语动词的作用和时态、语态并驾齐驱。地位：因为非谓语动词时中国学生的难点，所以它的地位至关重要。只有明白了非谓语动词的变换规则和含义，才可以说走进了英语的大门。学习方法：找好非谓语动词的逻辑主语，判断好语态；找准和谓语动词的先后顺序，判断好形式；判断在句中所作的成分。考点梳理：A 动词不定式构成，见下表：ABC1主动被动2一般

29、式to doto be done3完成式to have doneto have been done4进行式to be doing无句法功能：a. 主语It took us three hours to complete the experiment.b. 表语Our difficulty is where to get enough food.c. 宾语They refused to accept my suggestion.d. 补足语They didnt allow us to park the car here.e. 定语定语His attempt to solve the difficult problem failed again.f. 状语The girl jumped with joy to hear the news.B.动名词构成，详情请参考下表ABC1主动被动2一般式doing being done3完成式having donehaving been done句法功能a. 主语Swimming has its own laws.b. 表语My favorite summer sport is swimming.c. 宾语How about going to the movie theatre?d. 定语These p