最新1994年考研英语真题张剑及精析.docx

1、最新1994年考研英语真题张剑及精析1994 年试题与分析Section Use of English The first and smallest unit that can be discussed in relation to language is the word. In speaking, the choice of words is 1 the utmost importance. Proper selection will eliminate one source of 2 breakdown is in the communication cycle. Too often,

2、careless use of words _3 a meeting of the minds of the speaker and listener. The words used by the speaker may _4 unfavorable reactions in the listener 5 interfere with his comprehension; hence, the transmission-reception system breaks down. 6_, inaccurate or indefinite words may make _7 difficult f

3、or the listener to understand the 8 which is being transmitted to him. The speaker who does not have specific words in his working vocabulary may be 9 to explain or describe in a 10 that can be understood by his listeners. 1. A of B at C for D on2. A inaccessible B timely C likely D invalid3. A enco

4、urages B prevents C destroys D offers4. A pass out B take away C back up D stir up5. A who B as C which D what6. A Moreover B However C Preliminarily D Unexpectedly7. A that B it C so D this8. A speech B sense C message D meaning9. A obscure B difficult C impossible D unable10. A case B means C meth

5、od D way一、 文章结构总体分析语言中的首要的以及最小的单位是单词。说话时，选词至关重要。恰当地选词可以消除交流障碍，不慎重的词语会阻碍说话双方的思想交流。二、 试题解析1.答案 A解析 本题考核的知识点是：介词的用法。本文第一句提出，对于语言来说，首先可以讨论的最小单位是单词。First和smallest两个形容词已经道出单词在语言中的重要地位。此后，文章进一步指出，说话时选择词语非常重要。我们看到，空格后是一个名词性短语utmost importance，而所给的四个选项全是介词，也就是说所选的介词应该与这个名词性短语组合在一起，做be动词的表语。of的一个特定用法是：of+表示评估

6、意义的抽象名词=该名词对应的形容词，可做表语，表示具有某种性质、状况。如：of great use=great useful, of importance=important, 所以A为正确选项。2. 答案 C解析 本题考核的知识点是：逻辑语意搭配+形容词词义辨析。前面已经提到，单词在语言中占有首要地位，因此，说话时对词语的选用就变得非常重要。本句大意为：恰当的选词可以消除交流过程中.的障碍。likely意为“可能发生的”，不论从语法角度，还是从逻辑角度讲都非常恰当。inaccessible表示“难以达到的，难以接近的”，如：This novel seems to me among the m

7、ost inaccessible.这本书对我来说是最难懂的小说之一。我们知道，说话过程中完全可能出现交流的障碍，所以inaccessible不恰当。timely意为“及时的，准时的”，如：a timely treatment及时的治疗。invalid意为“无效的”，如：an invalid license作废的执照，都不符合句意。3. 答案 B解析 本题考核的知识点是：逻辑语意搭配。上文一直是从正面角度谈论单词在交流中所处的地位，以及它起到的积极作用；本句开始文章从反面角度来讨论这一点。前面已经提到，恰当的选词可以消除交流障碍，由此可以推出，乱用词语将会增加这种障碍。prevent意为“防止，

8、阻碍”，用在文中表示“词语使用不当阻碍了说话双方思想的交流”，正好描述了这种增加障碍的反作用，所以是正确答案。encourage表示“鼓励，怂恿”，有促进之意，如：I encouraged her to work hard and to try for the examinations.我鼓励她用功并为这次考试做努力。offer意为“提供，出价”，如：I offered him some money for his help.因为他帮了忙，我给了他一些钱。以上两个词语与文意要求的含义正好相反。destroy意为“毁灭，破坏，消灭”，它虽然是贬义词，但一般是对已经存在的事物而言，且语气很强烈，放

9、在此处不合适。4. 答案 D解析 本题考核的知识点是：动词短语语意辨析。空格所在句子由存在因果关系的两个分句构成。前一分句的主语是the words，宾语是unfavorable reactions in the listener（听者不愉快的反应）；后一分句的含义是“因此，这种说话者和听者的发送接收系统就会中断”。从句意判断空格处应该填入一个表达“造成，引起”含义的短语。stir up 表示“引起，激起”，为正确选项。pass out做及物动词时，意为“分发，分配”；take away意为“取走”，back up 意为“支持，倒退”，均不符合文意。5. 答案 C解析 本题考核的知识点是：定语

10、从句。从上一题的分析可知，The wordsin the listener是一个语法结构完整的句子，因此我们可以推测listener之后的部分为一个定语从句。但要弄清楚的是，这个定语从句修饰的不是listener，因为interfere with his comprehension(干扰他的理解)中his指代的只能是“听者”，那么interfere的主语应该是前面的unfavorable reactions。因此，我们可能确定这个定语从句的先行词为reactions，which可引导先行词为事物的定语从句，为正确选项。who 引导先行词为人的定语从句；as引导限制性定语从句需要与such结合在

11、一起使用；what只能引导名词性从句，不能引导定语从句。6. 答案 A解析 本题考核的知识点是：逻辑关系。前文一直在讨论不恰当使用词语的害处，本句的主语是inaccurate or indefinite words，意为“不准确或不明确的词语”，可见还是在谈论这种害处，也就是说，与上一句之间仍然是承接或递进的关系。moreover意为“此外”，表示递进关系，符合题意。该句可译为“此外，不准确或不明确的词语会使听者难以理解传递给他的信息”。however意为“但是”，表示转折；preliminarily意为“首先，起初”，不表示承接关系；unexpectedly意为“出乎意料地，想不到地”，有转

12、折的含义。7. 答案 B解析 本题考核的知识点是：句子的平衡。英语句中为了保持句子的平衡，常常使用it作为形式宾语或形式主语。动词make后面的宾语是不定式时，就常常用it做形式宾语，代替后面的不定式。本题空格处填入it，指代的就是下文的to understand the 。that不能做形式宾语；如果使用so，则全句找不到make的宾语，语法结构不完整；this不能做形式宾语。8. 答案 C解析 本题考核的知识点是：逻辑语意搭配+名词词义辨析。本题空格处填入一名词，紧跟其后的是which引导的定语从句。显然，填入的名词在该从句中做主语，由于该从句使用了被动语态，因此我们要选择的是能够与tra

13、nsmit搭配，做其宾语的名词。transmit的含义为“发送，传达”，四个选项中只有message可以与之搭配，表示“传达信息”。speech意为“演说，讲话”；sense意为“感官，感觉”；meaning表示“意思，含义”，一般不与transmit搭配。9. 答案 D解析 本题考核的知识点是：形容词词辨析。本句的主语是the speaker, who 引导了一个定语从句，修饰speaker。大意是：一个常用词汇中没有详细而精确词语的人可能将事情解释或描述得足以让听者听懂。由此看出，这里还是在讨论不正确使用词语的害处。填入的词既能修饰人，又有否定句义。unable表示“不能的，不会的”，可以

14、修饰人，为正确选项。obscure意为“暗的，朦胧的，模糊的”，一般不修饰人，如：an obscure sound模糊的声音；an obscure passage 一段难懂的文章。difficult和impossible都不使用本句型，如果使用这两个词可以把句子转变为：It is difficult/impossible for the speaker to explain10. 答案 D解析 本题考核的知识点是：逻辑语意搭配+名词词义辨析。空格处的名词构成介词短语in a ，修饰动词explain or describe，在文中的含义是“说话人不可能解释或描述”。in a way是习惯搭配，

15、表示“以某种方式、方法”，语法意义都正确。in a case表示“在某种情况下”，不符合句意。means意为“方法、手段”，method意为“方法，方式”，都不与in a搭配，而与介词by连用，如：The load was lifted by means of a crane.重物是用起重机吊起来的。They did it by a new method.他们用一种新方法做的。三、全文翻译关于语言，首先可以讨论的最小单位是单词。说话的时候，选词是至关重要的。恰当的选词可以消除交流过程中可能出现的障碍。通常，不慎重的词语使用将阻碍说话者和听话者之间的思想交流。说话者使用的词语可能会引起听者不愉快

16、的反应，干扰他的理解，因此，“传送接收”系统出现故障。此外，不准确或不明确的词语会使听者难以理解正在传递给他的信息。说话人的常用词汇中如果没有详细而精确的词，就不可能用听话人能理解的方式进行解释或描述。Section Reading ComprehensionPassage 1The American economic system is organized around a basically private-enterprise, market- oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be prod

17、uced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most. Private businessmen, striving to make profits, produce these goods and services in competition with other businessmen; and the profit motive, operating under competitive pressures, largely determines ho

18、w these goods and services are produced. Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers, coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes, that together determine what shall be produced and how resource

19、s are used to produce it. An important factor in a market-oriented economy is the mechanism by which consumer demands can be expressed and responded to by producers. In the American economy, this mechanism is provided by a price system, a process in which prices rise and fall in response to relative

20、 demands of consumers and supplies offered by seller-producers. If the product is in short supply relative to the demand, the price will be bid up and some consumers will be eliminated from the market. If, on the other hand, producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost, this will tend

21、to increase the supply offered by seller-producers, which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product. Thus, price is the regulating mechanism in the American economic system. The important factor in a private enterprise economy is that individuals are allowed to own pr

22、oductive resources (private property) , and they are permitted to hire labor, gain control over natural resources, and produce goods and services for sale at a profit. In the American economy, the concept of private property embraces not only the ownership of productive resources but also certain ri

23、ghts, including the right to determine the price of a product or to make a free contract with another private individual. 11. In Line 11, Para 1, “the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes” means_. A Americans are never satisfied with their incomes B Americans tend to overstate their incom

24、es C Americans want to have their incomes increased D Americans want to increase the purchasing power of their incomes 12. The first two sentences in the second paragraph tell us that_. A producers can satisfy the consumers by mechanized production B consumers can express their demands through produ

25、cers C producers decide the prices of products D supply and demand regulate prices 13. According to the passage, a private-enterprise economy is characterized by_. A private property and rights concerned B manpower and natural resources control C ownership of productive resources D free contracts an

26、d prices 14. The passage is mainly about_. A how American goods are produced B how American consumers buy their goods C how American economic system works D how American businessmen make their profits 一、文章结构总体分析本文是一篇介绍美国经济结构的文章，主要论述美国的经济以私营企业为基础、以市场经济为导向。文中反复出现的中心词组是private-enterprise, market-orient

27、ed economy system (in America)。第一段：首句是全文的主题，即主要讨论美国经济体制的特点是通过私有企业和市场导向起调节作用。末句是该段的主题它将全文中心思想换了一种方式表达，分析和指出消费者的需求、企业家对最大利润的追求和个人对收入取得最大收益的渴望这三个因素共同决定着生产什么和如何使用资源进行生产。第二段：主题词是price system，首句是该段的主题句，说明市场导向型经济的重要特点之一是价格机制。第三段：说明私营经济的性质和特点，即财产私有，同时还拥有相关权利。二、试题分析11. In Line 11, Para 1, “the desire of indi

28、viduals to maximize their incomes” means_. 第一段第11行的“个人想最大限度地扩大收入”在文中的含义是_。A Americans are never satisfied with their incomes A 美国人从来没有对其收入满意过B Americans tend to overstate their incomesB 美国人往往夸大自己的收入C Americans want to have their incomes increasedC 美国人想让自己的收入得到增加D Americans want to increase the purch

29、asing power of their incomesD 美国人想提高自己收入的购买力答案 D解析 本题考核的知识点是：句题题。先定位到第一段末句。解题的关键是看对maximize的理解。原文所在句“coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes”将生产者和消费者的愿望对照来说。句中的两个maximize平衡并列，作用、意义完全相同。因此知道maximize在第一处的意义即可知道第二处之意。众所周知，商人总是想用

30、最少的投入取得最大的利润，这就是maximize的意义。由此可知，消费者希望使一定的收入取得最大限度的效益，即用现有收入买到更多更好的商品。而D选项恰是此意。A和B选项未在原文提及。C选项反映的是劳资双方的关系，而不是生产者与消费者之间的关系。12. The first two sentences in the second paragraph tell us that_. 第二段前两句告诉我们_。A producers can satisfy the consumers by mechanized production A 生产者可以通过机械化生产满足消费者B consumers can e

31、xpress their demands through producers B 消费者可以通过生产者表达自己的需求C producers decide the prices of products C 生产者决定商品价格D supply and demand regulate pricesD （商品）供求关系决定（商品）价格答案 D解析 本题考核的知识点是：事实细节题。D选项就是该段第二句“prices rise and fall in response to relative demands of consumers and supplies offered by seller-producers”的概括，为正确答案。A选项在这两句中并未涉及。注意文中第一句的mechanism意为“机制”，而该选项中的mechanized意为“机械化”，二者含义不同。误选B选项的考生是对该段首句的语法成分分析错误。它是一个省略句，补全后应该是“An important fac