高考英语二轮增分策略专题三阅读理解第二节分类突破11主旨大意文章段落大意题优选习题.docx

1、高考英语二轮增分策略专题三阅读理解第二节分类突破11主旨大意文章段落大意题优选习题十一、主旨大意 文章/ 段落大意题(2018江苏，B)In the 1760s，Mathurin Roze opened a series of shops that boasted(享有) a special meat soup called consomm.Although the main attraction was the soup，Rozes chain shops also set a new standard for dining out，which helped to establish Roz

2、e as the inventor of the modern restaurant.Today，scholars have generated large amounts of instructive research about restaurants.Take visual hints that influence what we eat：diners served themselves about 20 percent more pasta(意大利面食) when their plates matched their food.When a dark-colored cake was

3、served on a black plate rather than a white one，customers recognized it as sweeter and more tasty.Lighting matters，too.When Berlin restaurant customers ate in darkness，they couldnt tell how much theyd had：those given extra-large shares ate more than everyone else，but were none the wiserthey didnt fe

4、el fuller，and they were just as ready for dessert.Time is money，but that principle means different things for different types of restaurants.Unlike fast-food places，fine dining shops prefer customers to stay longer and spend.One way to encourage customers to stay and order that extra round：put on so

5、me Mozart(莫扎特)When classical，rather than pop，music was playing，diners spent more.Fast music hurried diners out.Particular scents also have an effect：diners who got the scent of lavender(薰衣草) stayed longer and spent more than those who smelled lemon，or no scent.Meanwhile，things that you might expect

6、to discourage spending“bad” tables，crowding，high pricesdont necessarily.Diners at bad tablesnext to the kitchen door，sayspent nearly as much as others but soon fled.It can be concluded that restaurant keepers need not “be overly concerned about bad tables”， given that theyre profitable.As for crowds

7、，a Hong Kong study found that they increased a restaurants reputation，suggesting great food at fair prices.And doubling a buffets price led customers to say that its pizza was 11 percent tastier.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。它主要通过引入现代餐馆的鼻祖马蒂兰罗兹制订的标准以及学者对于餐馆的研究来介绍现代餐馆在经营中影响食客消费的几个要素：视觉要素餐具、灯光、听觉要素音乐、嗅觉要素气味、其他要素桌位、拥挤程

8、度和价格。素材旨在通过现代餐馆的经营理念，让考生了解西方现代餐馆的经营之道。58The underlined phrase “none the wiser” in Paragraph 3 most probably implies that the customers were .Anot aware of eating more than usual Bnot willing to share food with othersCnot conscious of the food quality Dnot fond of the food provided答案A解析词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“

9、.those given extra-large shares ate more than everyone else，but were none the wiserthey didnt feel fuller.”可知，那些被给以大份饭菜的食客比其他人吃得多，但他们没有饱腹感，这说明在黑暗的就餐环境下，食客并没有意识到自己比平时吃得多，所以none the wiser意为“不清楚，不知道”。故选A项。59How could a fine dining shop make more profit?APlaying classical music.BIntroducing lemon scent.

10、CMaking the light brighter.DUsing plates of larger size.答案A解析细节理解题。根据第四段中的“When classical，rather than pop，music was playing，diners spent more.”可知，当演奏古典音乐而不是流行音乐的时候，食客们会花更多的钱。spent more就是对题干中make more profit的语义转化。故选A项。60What does the last paragraph talk about?ATips to attract more customers.BProblems

11、 restaurants are faced with.CWays to improve restaurants reputation.DCommon misunderstandings about restaurants.答案D解析段落大意题。根据最后一段首句“Meanwhile，things that you might expect to discourage spendingbadtables，crowding，high pricesdont necessarily.”可知，你可能认为会打消你消费的念头的东西位置“不好”的桌位、拥挤和价格高未必如此(指在某些人看来，这些不利因素未必不会

12、带来利润的增加)。由此可知，作者认为这些对于餐馆的常见的观点是一种误解，故选D项。一、文章大意题的题型解读说明文、记叙文、议论文三种文体涉及的多种话题如社会文化类、人物故事类、科普说明类，多会考查文章大意类题。设问形式常有：(1)What is the main theme/topic/idea of this passage?(2)The passage is mainly about .(3)The general/main idea of the passage is .(4)The passage mainly focuses on .二、文章大意题的解题技巧“主题句定位”寻主旨文章是

13、由段落组成的。段落的主题就是段落的中心思想，具体段落的中心思想又是为文章整体中心思想服务的。理解整篇文章的中心思想的方法是建立在理解具体段落中心的基础上的。找出每小段的主题句，各段的主题句常在该段的首句或尾句，各段主题句的整体归纳便是文章的中心思想。有的文章无明显主题句，主题句隐含在段意之中，这就需要进一步加工概括。观察全文的结构安排，理解文章的“重心”和支撑性细节。主题句的位置一般有以下几种：(1)主题句出现在文首。开门见山，提出主题，用细节来解释或拓展主题句所表达的主题思想，是最常见的演绎法写作方式。新闻报道、说明文或议论文通常采用这种写法。(2)主题句出现在文末。在表述细节后，归纳要点以

14、概括主题，是最常见的归纳法写作方式。(3)主题句首尾呼应。为突出主题，作者先提出主题，结束时再次点出主题。(4)主题句出现在中间。写作方式为：细节描述归纳主题进一步解释。以下是找主题句的四个小窍门：1段落中出现表示转折的词语(如however，but，in fact，actually等)时，该句很可能是主题句。2首段出现疑问句时，对该问题的回答很可能就是文章主旨。3作者有意识地重复的观点，通常是主旨；反复出现的词语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词。4表示总结或结论的句子常包含therefore，thus，in short，conclude，conclusion等词。三、段落大意题的题型解读段落大意

15、类题型多在说明文和议论文中所涉及的各类话题如社会文化类、科普说明类等进行考查。设问形式常有：(1)The main idea of the second paragraph probably is .(2)What is the main idea of the first paragraph?(3)The first paragraph is mainly about .四、段落大意题的解题技巧 (1)段首：说明文和议论文中的主题句常在段首句(2)段尾：先表述细节，后归纳概括，段落中心在段尾(3)段中间：先用一句或几句话引出要表达的主题，再陈述主题，再论述细节，即引出主题段落中心再论述(4)

16、没有明显段落中心时，需概括段落内容，总结段落中心例如：真题感悟中第60题，根据文章最后一段首句“Meanwhile，things that you might expect to discourage spendingbad tables，crowding，high pricesdont necessarily.”可知，你可能认为会打消你消费的念头的东西位置“不好”的桌位、拥挤和价格高未必如此(指在某些人看来，这些不利因素未必不会带来利润的增加)。由此可知，作者认为这些对于餐馆的常见的观点是一种误解，故选D项。AMost of us have lost our wallet at some s

17、tage in our lives.But few would imagine having it returned after a nearly seven-decade gap.Edward Parker dropped his wallet in 1950 into an inaccessible spot behind a bookshelf，while working as an electrician，repairing World War Two bomb damage in the palace.The wallet stayed there until this year w

18、hen a builder，doing some 1restoration work，finally found it.The wallet is a time capsule.Its leather and webbing has long ago started to disintegrate.But it contains numerous pictures of family，invoices(发票)，receipts，old union cards，results of a chest X-ray (sent to him in 1948，the same year as the N

19、HS was founded)，a national service card dated 9 December 1944 and a medical insurance card.His business cardsE Parker，Electrical Contractorseem almost original.Reflecting the typical methods of contact of the time，they have an address but no telephone number.A month ago I was speaking to a 8press of

20、ficer at Lambeth Palace and he mentioned that the wallet had just been handed in.We thought it might be nice to try and work out whose it was and give it back to the family.Edward Parker is a pretty common name，but his medical card contained two places of residencePoets Road and Springdale Road in n

21、orth London.From this，Islington Council were able to find details of a marriage between Edward Parker and Constance Butler in 1947.That information was enough to work out that he was still alive and in a care home in Essex，so I went to visit him.Now 89，Edward has dementia(痴呆)，but he was clearly happ

22、y to get the wallet and in particular，the photographs back.He pointed out pictures of his mother and father，his brother，his cousins and his wife Constance，who was with him when I visited.“He hadnt seen a picture of his father since he lost the wallet，” Constance,90，says.语篇解读本文是一篇新闻报道，介绍了一个物归原主的故事。爱德

23、华帕克曾是一名电工，他于1950年维修因二战受损的宫廷时，不慎将钱包丢失。直到今年，钱包被一名宫廷修复工人发现。钱包里的物品充满了那个年代的回忆，89岁的爱德华帕克重新拿到钱包，非常开心。1We can possibly infer that Edward Parker .Aonce worked as an electrical technicianBalways lost his walletConce participated in World War Donce worked as a restoration builder答案A解析推理判断题。根据第一段第二句“Edward Park

24、er dropped his wallet in 1950 into an inaccessible spot behind a bookshelf，while working as an electrician，repairing World War Two bomb damage in the palace.”可知，Edward Parker曾是一名electrician(电工)，因此A项正确。2Whats the main idea of the second paragraph?AThe material of the wallet.BThe producer of the walle

25、t.CThe 9contents of the wallet.DThe shape of the wallet.答案C解析段落大意题。本题适合用排除法。A项钱包的材质；B项钱包的制造商；C项钱包里的东西；D项钱包的外形。根据文章第二段，其中提到了钱包的外皮及边线已破损，钱包里有pictures of family(家人照片)，invoices(发票)，receipts(收据)，old union cards(工会卡)，results of a chest X-ray(胸片报告)，a national service card(服务卡)，a medical insurance card(医保卡)

26、，business cards(名片)等物品，可知A项表述片面，B、D项未提及，仅C项符合题意。故选C。3What does the underlined word “disintegrate” in the second paragraph mean?A2Maintain. BDamage.CDisappear. DDestroy.答案B解析词义猜测题。根据第二段第二句“But it contains.(但是，钱包里有)”可知，钱包外皮还在，排除C、D项，A项“维护”，不符合文意；B项“损坏”，根据第二段前两句可知，“虽然钱包的外皮及边线已破损，但里面有”，符合题意。故选B。4What pl

27、ays a key role in returning the wallet to its owner?ABusiness card. BNational service card.COld union card. DMedical card.答案D解析推理判断题。根据第三段第三句中的“but his medical card contained two places of residence”可知，他的医保卡上有两个住址，此处明确了医保卡是找到主人的关键物品。故选D。BIn third-world countries such as Swaziland and Haiti，a 15-doll

28、ar invention is making a world of difference.Nokero，a company started by Brian Rants，sells lamps that do not require kerosene(煤油)These solar lamps have become a staple(主流产品) in countries in Africa，to provide light for reading and safety at night.Nokero has sold over 500,000 lamps in over 120 countri

29、es since it was first founded in 2010 and Rants thinks the demand for his product will only continue to increase.Most lamps found in third-world countries 3currently require kerosene to run，but kerosene causes indoor pollution and has been linked to fires that have caused over a million deaths.Inste

30、ad of experiencing the effects of smoking 40 cigarettes a day from kerosene lamps，Rants thinks his solar lamps could be the answer for third-world countries.The Economist agrees，calling solar lights “the next big 4innovation for the worlds poor”Nokeros solar lamps are higher in quality and less expe

31、nsive than a lot of solar technology，making them a practical 6option for many people in third-world countries.Rather than giving solar lamps to individuals in need，Nokeros 7mission is to make them 5affordable.Through research Rants has realized that individuals who buy a solar product would take bet

32、ter care of it and value it more than if they received it for free.Families who buy Nokeros solar lamps make up the cost in just a few months of not having to buy kerosene or pay for off-the-grid electricity.Some activists have attacked companies such as Nokero for selling products to the poor rather than simply giving them