届高考英语二轮复习学案专题4 任务型阅读 第2节 导学精练人教版.docx

1、届高考英语二轮复习学案专题4 任务型阅读 第2节 导学精练人教版第二节导学精练题型诠释一、 信息查找题信息查找题的解题关键是根据问题查找定位信息。常用方法是带着问题有意识地在关键处做标记。如:1. 时间先后:first, then, after that, next, finally等。2. 因果:because, thus, lead to, caused by, as a result of, now that, since, as等。3. 比较:similarly, differently, like, unlike, but, while, however, instead, on t

2、he contrary等。4. 转折:but, while, however, instead, on the contrary等。二、 信息转换题根据问题查找并定位信息后,要加工分析信息并转换成另一种表达方式,达到组织信息的目的。常见的转换方式有:词性转换;句子结构转换;另选他词来释义。如:1. 释义If you ignore your diet, trouble will follow. (pay no attention to)2. 同义词或反义词转换He didnt pass the final examination.He failed the final examination.3

3、. 句子结构转换It will not be long before we take an exam.We will take an exam soon(before long).4. 前缀和后缀转换The boy felt uncomfortable with his new classmates. (not comfortable)5. 词性转换Liu Qian, a famous magician from Taiwan, is popular all over China.Liu Qian, a famous magician from Taiwan, is gaining popul

4、arity all over China.6. 归纳型转换这是近年高考出现的新颖题型。文中给予学生合适的信息,让学生自己动脑思考,分析归纳总结出正确的结论。这类题目的立意在于培养学生的理解能力、思维能力和综合分析能力。比如:根据这一段内容第一段中讲述的认真尽责的人的特点:“The everyday signs of conscientiousness(认真尽责)being punctual, careful in doing work, self-disciplined, and scrupulous(一丝不苟的) in attending to responsibilitiesare typ

5、ical characteristics of the model organizational citizen, the people who keep things running as they should.”可知,认真尽责的人守时,工作细心,自律严谨等等,这都说明他们对自己要求很严格。所以该题 “Conscientious people are very with themselves.”中应该填strict。因此,这就要求我们在教学中要加强对学生综合的分析、理解、归纳等思维能力的培养。三、 信息归纳题1. 解题时一般很难从阅读材料的字面意思找到答案,必须根据文章内容,对句群、段落和

6、全文进行合理的推断与归纳。如:归纳下面一段话“We are all interested in equality, but while some people try to protect the school and examination system in the name of equality, others, still in the name of equality, want only to destroy it.” 文章开头点明文章的主题句:从正反两方面讨论考试作为一种升学就业的手段的公平性及其合理性。所以The passage mainly focuses on . 答案为

7、examination and equality“考试与公平”。平时练习中,要多进行句式转换练习。2. 平时帮助学生罗列、记忆高频归纳性词汇。这些词一般具有概括性,在最大程度上覆盖了栏内信息,也有针对性。如:主题(topic, theme, thesis)原因reason (for), cause (of)结果(result, effect, consequence)目的(aim, purpose, goal)方法way (to do sth.), measure, solution (to sth.), method, approach (to sth.)观点opinion, view, a

8、ttitude (towards)异同(differences, similarities)优劣(advantages, disadvantages; strengths, weaknesses; benefits, drawbacks)建议(tips, suggestions, advice)其他(time, place, events, behaviour, feelings, process, example, definition, classification)(一)(2013江苏卷)Quiet Virtue: The ConscientiousThe everyday signs

9、of conscientiousness(认真尽责)being punctual, careful in doing work, self-disciplined, and scrupulous(一丝不苟的) in attending to responsibilitiesare typical characteristics of the model organizational citizen, the people who keep things running as they should. They follow the rules, help out, and are concer

10、ned about the people they work with. Its the conscientious worker who helps newcomers or updates people who return after an absence, who gets to work on time and never abuses sick leaves, who always gets things done on deadline.Conscientiousness is a key to success in any field. In studies of job pe

11、rformance, outstanding effectiveness for almost all jobs, from semi-skilled labor to sales and management, depends on conscientiousness. It is particularly important for outstanding performance in jobs at the lower levels of an organization: the secretary whose message taking is perfect, the deliver

12、y truck driver who is always on time.Among sales representatives for a large American car manufacturer, those who were most conscientious had the largest volume of sales. Conscientiousness also offers a buffer(缓冲) against the threat of job loss in todays constantly changing market, because employees

13、 with this quality are among the most valued. For the sales representatives, their level of conscientiousness mattered almost as much as their sales in determining who stayed on.There is an air around highly conscientious people that makes them seem even better than they actually are. Their reputati

14、on for dependability influences managers evaluations of their work, giving them higher evaluations than objective measures of their performance would predict.But conscientiousness in the absence of social skills can lead to problems. Since conscientious people demand so much of themselves, they can

15、hold other people to their own standards, and so be overly judgmental when others dont show the same high levels of model behavior. Factory workers in Great Britain and the United States who were extremely conscientious, for example, tended to criticize co-workers even about failures that seemed uni

16、mportant to those they criticized, which damaged their relationships.When conscientiousness takes the form of living up to expectations, it can discourage creativity. In creative professions like art or advertising, openness to wild ideas and spontaneity(自发性) are scarce and in demand. Success in suc

17、h occupations calls for a balance, however; without enough conscientiousness to follow through, people become mere dreamers, with nothing to show for their imaginativeness.Quiet Virtue: The Conscientious【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。通常来说,认真尽责的人工作尽职尽责、守时自律、愿意帮助别人等等;同时认真尽责也有它的不足,如阻碍发明创造,对同事过于苛求而容易批评他人影响关系。【解题思路】1. s

18、trict信息归纳题。文章第一段第一句讲述的认真尽责的人的特点:being punctual, careful in doing work, self-disciplined, and scrupulous (一丝不苟的) in attending to responsibilities,他们守时,工作细心,自律严谨等等都说明他们对自己要求很“严格”。题目中还需要考生联想到短语be strict with的搭配。2. helpful/good信息转换题。文章第一段中“Its the conscientious worker who helps newcomers or updates peop

19、le who.”说明,认真尽责的人对别人是“有帮助的”。3. Functions/Roles/Importance/Significance信息归纳题。文章的第二、三、四段阐述了认真尽责的“好处和重要性”。4. running/working/going/operating/functioning信息查找题。从文章第一段第一句“.the people who keep things running as they should.”中查找。5. performance(s)信息查找题。从文章第二段第三句“It is particularly important for outstanding p

20、erformance in jobs at the lower levels of an organization.”可查找答案。6. fired/dismissed/jobless信息转换题。根据文章第三段第二句“Conscientiousness also offers a buffer against the threat of job loss in todays constantly changing market,.”可知,认真尽责的人不容易失去工作,转换为动词形式或形容词“失业的”。7. problems/troubles信息查找题。从文章第五段第一句“But conscient

21、iousness in the absence of social skills can lead to problems.” 可查找答案。8. higher/subjective/unfair/unjust/prejudiced信息查找题。从文章第四段第二句“.giving them higher evaluations than objective measures of their performance would predict.”可知,雇主对认真尽责的人的工作评价可能比客观表现过于高一点。9. tense/damaged/poor/bad信息归纳题。根据文章第五段中的be over

22、ly judgmental 和tended to criticize co-workers 可知,认真尽责的人对同事过于主观、苛求,往往容易批评同事,造成关系紧张,关系搞砸。10. discourage/affect/damage信息查找题。从文章第六段第一句“.it can discourage creativity.” 中查找可知,认真尽责现象有可能阻碍创造性。(二)(2013安徽卷)Aristotle once wrote that “happiness is a state of activity”. In other words, whether youre seeking life

23、long satisfaction or a few moments of good cheer, youve got to move forward. Weve interviewed the experts and found five steps to take toward a sunny mood(心情):Over a 30-year period,University of Illinois researchers asked nearly 120,000 people how income, education, political participation, voluntee

24、r activities and close relationships affected their happiness. Reported Newsweeks Sharon Begley on the findings, “The highest levels of happiness are found with the most stable and satisfying relationships.”Singing aloud, talking to a stranger, raising your hand: All may increase a feeling of happin

25、ess, according to a study from Wake Forest University. Participants(参与者) followed the development of their moods for two weeks and reported feeling happier when they were more outgoing and less happy when reserved or withdrawn.The editors of gave $5 or $20 to 46 strangers by chance. Half the group w

26、as told to spend the money on themselves, while the other half was told to spend it on others. Those whod shared the wealth felt much happier at the end of the day than those whod spent it on themselves. There was no difference in happiness between those who spent $5 or $20, suggesting that its not

27、how much money you spend, but how you spend it, that inspires the spirit.Studies from the Positive Psychology Center showed that discouraged people who wrote down three good things that happened to them each day for six months reported an improved attitude.Drinking water really can help keep you che

28、erful. A small 2012 study from the University of Connecticut suggested that even slight dehydration(脱水) affected the moods of its female participants.Title: (1) for HappinessIntroduction You will move (2) in the course of finding happiness.The findings of (3)Some (4) toward happinessValue your relat

29、ionshipsThe (5) happiness lies in the most stable and satisfying relationships.(6) yourselfYou can gain happiness by singing aloud or talking to others.Spend money on othersYour spirit will be inspired by (7) the wealth.(8) on the positiveYour attitude would be improved when you fix your attention o

30、n good things.Drink waterIf a woman takes in enough water, her (9) of happiness may remain.ConclusionHappiness can be found if all (10) have been done.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。亚里士多德曾说过“幸福是一种活动状态(心态)”。换言之,无论你是追求终生的满足还是片刻的愉悦,你都得继续前行。本文作者咨询了有关专家,得到了通往阳光心情的五个步骤:珍惜亲密关系;表达自我;为别人花钱;专注于积极事物和多喝水。【解题思路】1. Look(ing)/Sea

31、rch(ing)/Seek(ing)信息归纳题。第一题所在部分为文章标题,它要能概括全文内容。全文叙述的是有关幸福的话题。根据第一段第二句“In other words, whether youre seeking lifelong satisfaction or a few moments of good cheer, youve got to move forward.”及全文围绕幸福的五个步骤如何找到幸福阐述可知,要注意选择短语“ +for” 意思是“寻求;寻找”,故选用Look(ing)/Search(ing)/Seek(ing)这些词,另外还请注意单词首字母的大小写及动词采用的形式,

32、就标题而言,可用动词原形或动词的-ing形式。2. forward/ahead/on信息查找题。根据文章第一段中的youve got to move forward提示,另可依据表格中的形式还可用ahead/on 等副词来表示“继续向前”的意思。3. experts/researchers信息查找题。根据文章第一段最后一句“Weve interviewed the experts and found five steps to take toward a sunny mood.”以及第二段第一句“Over a 30-year period, University of Illinois researchers asked.”可知,此处为专家或研究人员研究发现的结果。4. steps/way