采矿学面试专业英语词汇doc.docx

1、采矿学面试专业英语词汇docIntroduction (绪论)mine n. 矿山，矿井。v. 采矿colliery n. 矿井coal mining 采煤underground mining 地下开采surface mining 露天开采reserve n. 储量coal-bearing adj. 含煤的high production and high efficiency 高产高效development n. 开拓preparation n. 准备mining method 采煤方法subside v. 下沉，沉陷subsidence n. 沉降，沉陷mining subsidence n

2、. 开采沉陷mechanize v. 使机械化mechanization n. 机械化Chapter 1 Basic Concepts of Mine (矿井基本概念)coalfield n. 煤田mining area n. 矿区mine field n. 井田divide v. 划分division n. 划分mine production capacity （MPC） 矿井生产能力mine service life 矿井服务年限production scale of mine 井型small mine 小型矿井middle mine 中型矿井large mine 大型矿井huge min

3、e 特大型矿井strike n. 走向dip n. 倾向dip angle 倾角workable adj. 可采的workable reserve n. 可采储量opening n. 通道，开口mine opening n. 矿山井巷passageway n. 通道shaft n. 立井roadway n. 巷道chamber n. 硐室main shaft 主立井auxiliary shaft 副立井air shaft 风井blind shaft 暗立井drawn shaft 溜井chute n. 溜煤眼adit n. 平硐drift n. 平硐crosscut n. 联络巷；石门coal

4、crosscut煤门entry n. 平巷haulage n. 运输main haulage roadway 主要运输平巷main return-air roadway 主要回风平巷head entry 区段运输平巷tail entry 区段回风平巷slope n. 斜井rise n. 上山dip n. 下山rock rise 岩石上山coal rise 煤层上山 coal haulage rise 运煤上山material transporting rise 运料上山return-air rise 回风上山men-walking rise 行人上山inclined roadway of a

5、strip 分带斜巷inclined coal haulage roadway of a strip 分带运煤斜巷inclined material haulage roadway of a strip 分带运料斜巷development roadway 开拓巷道preparation roadway 准备巷道gateway 回采巷道pit bottom 井底车场shaft bottom 井底车场station n. 车场，车站mining district station 采区车场horizon n. 阶段level n. 水平haulage level 运输水平return-air lev

6、el 回风水平mining level 开采水平interval between levels 阶段垂高mining district 采区panel n. 盘区sublevel n. 分段strip district n. 带区inclined length 斜长strike length 走向长度district sublevel区段Open-off cut n. 切眼coalface n. 采煤面working face工作面production n. 生产；产量production system 生产系统coal haulage system 运煤系统ventilation n. 通风

7、ventilation system通风系统fresh air 新鲜风dirty air 乏风，污风refuse n. 矸石material and refuse transportation system 运料排矸系统drain v. 排水drainage system 排水系统 power supply system (electric power, compressed air) 动力供应（电、压风）communication and monitoring system 通讯、监测系统drive v. 掘进excavate v. 开挖，开掘hoist v. 提升winch n. 绞车Ch

8、apter 2 Coal Mining methods (采煤方法)stope 采场 mining works/units 回采工作basic operation 基本工序break v. 破碎load v. 装载haul v. 运输auxiliary operations 辅助工序roof support 顶板支护gob treatment 采空区处理auxiliary transportation 辅助运输ventilation 通风drainage 排水power supply 供电,emulsion supply 供液（乳化液）等。winning/mining technique 采煤

9、工艺mining system 采煤系统mining roadway layout 回采巷道布置classify v. 分类dry mining 旱采wall mining system壁式开采full-seam mining 整层single longwall mining method 单一长壁采煤法longwall mining on strike走向长壁开采 longwall mining on inclineii 倾向长壁开采sublevel caving放顶煤 shield掩护支架 slicing method分层inclined slicing倾斜分层 horizontal sl

10、icing水平分层 oblique slicing斜切分层top-slicing system of sublevel caving水平分段放顶煤pillar mining system柱式开采room and pillar mining method 房柱式room method 房式hydraulic mining水采underground liquefaction地下液化和气化underground gasification 地下液化和气化roof caving 垮落法（自然垮落、强制放顶）packing 充填法pillar support刀柱式nearly horizontal coa

11、l seam近水平煤层gently inclined coal seam 缓斜煤层inclined coal seam 倾斜煤层steeply inclined 急倾斜厚煤层：thin coal seam 薄煤层middle thick coal seam 中厚煤层thick coal seam 厚煤层steeply inclined coal seam with an huge thickness 急倾斜特厚煤层blasting mining technology炮采conventionally mechanized mining technology普通机械化采煤工艺fully mecha

12、nized mining technology综合机械化采煤工艺fully mechanized mining with top coal caving technology综采放顶煤工艺continuous miner 连续采煤机shuttle car n. 梭车universal extensible conveyor 万向接长机bolt v. 打锚杆； n. 锚杆mining method 采矿方法；mining operation 采矿作业； ground control 顶板管理；recovery 回采率；subsidence control 地表沉陷控制cover 覆盖层；over

13、burden 上覆地层；immediate roof 直接顶；floor 底板；hardness 硬度；strength 强度cleavage 解理 gas，methane 瓦斯daily operation 日常工作single operation 单一工序 unit operation 单元作业auxiliary operation辅助作业cutting n. 切割，掏槽；lighting n. 照明outcrop 露头，露出地面的岩层development stage 开拓阶段production stage 生产阶段haulage capacity 运输能力main entry 主巷b

14、arrier pillar 隔离煤柱butt entry 区段平巷shearer 滚筒采煤机planer，Plow 刨煤机auger mining 螺旋钻开采rapid excavation 快速掘进 ocean mining 海洋采矿Chapter3 Concepts of Mine Development (井田开拓的概念)mine boundary 井田边界terrain n. 地形geological structure 地质构造fault n. 断层fold n. 褶皱down fold n. 背斜upfold n. 向斜coal quality 煤质occurrence 赋存min

15、e geological reserve 矿井地质储量usable reserves ( + B + C + D ) 可利用储量temprary useless resrves 暂不能利用储量mine industrial reserve Zg=( + B + C) 矿井工业储量future reserve ( D) 远景储量workable reserve 开采储量designed lost reserve 设计煤炭损失recovery rate回采率Mine Production Capacity (MPC) 矿井生产能力coalface output 采煤工作面产量mining dist

16、rict production capacity 采区生产能力cost per ton coal product 吨煤成本mine service life 矿井使用年限mine field development 井田开拓development roadway 开拓巷道development way 开拓方式development system 开拓系统portal type 井筒类型adit development 平硐开拓slope development 斜井开拓 shaft development 立井开拓combined development 综合开拓development ro

17、adway layout 开拓巷道布置main roadway for single seam 分层大巷gathering main roadway 集中大巷 gatering main roadway for each coal seam group分组集中大巷single level 单水平mutiple level 多水平 preparation type 准备方式rise type 上山式 rise and dip Type 上下山式 combined rises and dip 上山、上下山混合式 industrial area 工业场地mining level 开采水平pit bo

18、ttom 井底车场development deepening 开拓延深replacement of mining level 水平接替transportation facility 运输设备electromechanical mine operation 矿井机电作业capital investment 基本建设投资。minability 可采性marketability 适销性，可销性coal reserve 煤矿nominal，名义上的,极小的。operating mine 生产矿井surface topography 地面地形，表面地形coalfield 煤田measure 层组coal

19、-bearing measure含煤地层tilled area 耕地reservoir 水库power line 电力线，输电线reservation n.保留地；自然保护区Chapter 4 Mine Development Ways (井田开拓方式)portal 井筒expected life of the mine 矿井的设计使用年限rail haulage 轨道运输drift 平硐shaft 立井，竖井slope 斜井topsoil (表土层),quicksand (流砂层). main shaft主立井auxiliary shaft 副立井air shaft风井transfer ho

20、use 中转煤仓headframe 井架hoist house 提升机房，绞车房skip 箕斗cage 罐笼car dump 卸煤设备storage bin 井底煤仓pressure drop 压降capital cost 基建费用advancing mining 前进式开采retreating mining 后退式开采descending mining 下行式downwards mining 下行式upward mining 上行式double-tracked train hoisting system 双沟串车提升系统Single-tracked train hoisting system

21、 单钩串车提升系统endless rop 无极绳提升Overhead monorial 单轨吊Sublevel slope development 片盘斜井Starcase-like Adit 阶梯平硐pump station 泵站sump n. 水仓area development 分区域开拓gas n. 瓦斯Power belt conveyor 强力皮带机center rise 中央上山surrounding rock 围岩maintenance n. 维护hydro-geological condition 水文地质条件weathered zone 风化带fold n. 褶皱fault

22、 n. 断层Outcrop n. 露头ventilation resistance 通风阻力combined development 综合开拓Multiple-portal area development 多井筒分区域开拓pit bottom 井底车场main haulage cross-cut 主运输石门main haulage roadway 运输大巷district bottom station 采区下部车场district middle station 采区中部车场district top station 采区上部车场district coal bunker 采区煤仓district

23、 haulage rise 采区运输上山district track rise 采区轨道上山main return airway 总回风巷main return-air roadway 回风大巷head entry 区段运输平巷tail entry 区段回风平巷sublevel district haulage crosscut 区段运输石门sublevel district return-air crosscut区段回风石门strip n. 分带，条带strip strict 带区panel n. 盘区Chapter 5 Development Roadways Layout (开拓巷道布置

24、)Chapter 6 Level station (井底车场)Chapter 7 Development Deepen and Technical Reform (井田开拓延深和技术改造)Chapter 4.2 Ground control 工作面周围地层：Overlying strata 上覆地层：Main roof 老顶，基本顶Immediate roof 直接顶Gob采空区-Facerib（煤壁）Floor 底板Underlying strata下伏地层Ground control顶板处理方式：（1）Caving；（2）Pack。Stable 切口，机窝dead work 准备工作，非生

25、产性工作。Mobile belt conveyor 可移式胶带运输机No exception 无一例外regular maintenance n.日常修理,定期检修Downtime 停工期(由于损坏、修理等原因造成的停机时间),停工时间,停机时间Clearance 空隙Immediate area of the face：工作面的直接区域Rib line 煤壁线，腰线heading 掘进头，平巷up to dip 沿倾斜上行Compression strength 压缩强度Underlying strata 下伏地层bed separation 离层On strike 沿走向Rad radia

26、n，弧度Cleat 解理Hold true 有效，适用Half butt cutting 半垂直切割Angle of attack 冲角virgin conditions 原始条件；Harder roof strataSofter coal seamuniformly distributed stress，the overburden weightHarder floor stratainduced by mining 采动引起的Stress distribution 应力分布Deflect 偏斜，偏转，挠曲，下垂Cave in 冒顶，垮落Front abutment pressure 前方支

27、承压力Side abutment pressure 侧向支承压力Rear abutment pressure 后方支承压力前方支承压力：分布范围：150m first felt/occur出现，有反应，有感应；4560m pick up slightly略有增长，略有加速；1521m increase rapidly迅速增长；1.5-5m支承压力峰值 peak abutment pressuremagnitude of the peak abutment pressure峰值大小：1.5-5 overburdern weight后方压力：vertical pressureface area：f

28、ar below the cover loadgob area：gradually increaseat last：the cover load范围：0.3-0.4 the overburden thickness.No abutment pressureSide abutmentFirst felt：At the same time as the front abutment pressure范围：from the rib to 1/3 or 1/4 hlargest at the ribside, decrease exponentially with distance from ribp

29、osition of peak pressure：0.015h Magnitude depend on the thickness and length of the immediate roof hanging in the gob.Gob area 采空区 稳定-slip, sag, separate-cave inFace area 工作面区 Support the immediate roofSolid coal 实体煤Chapter 4 .3 Roof support systemFace-to-gob distance 控顶距，工作面到采空区的距离。Yield pressure 屈

30、服压力support resistance 支架阻力Face-to-tip distance 端面距Precut 预切割Frames 节式支架Stroke 行程Chock support 垛式支架Double-acting ram 双作用千斤顶 Web cut 截深Shields 掩护式支架Double link 双键Lemniscate 双纽线，四联杆Roof canopy 顶梁Chock-Shield支撑掩护式支架leg，prop 立柱 canopy 顶梁 forward canopy 前梁 rear canopy 尾梁 caving shield 掩护梁 flipper，spauling shield 护帮板 slider, jack board 插板 ram ，cylinder，jack 千斤顶 hose 油管 emulsion 乳化液 valve 阀 support