初中英语代词讲解与练习题.docx

1、初中英语代词讲解与练习题课 题代词复习教学内容 代词的分类英语中代词分为：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、关系代词、疑问代词、连接代词和不定代词等等。一、关系代词：用来引导定语从句的代词叫关系代词。1、关系代词who 、which、 that 、whom 等,将定语从句和主句连接起来。英语中的关系代词一方面在从句中担任一定的成分,另一方面又起连接作用。 The student who is drawing a picture is in Grade One. (正在画画的学生是一年级的)2、关系代词who / whom指人,如果作从句的宾语,则有时省略。Do you know the

2、man who is wearing a red hat? (你认识那个戴着红帽子的男人吗？)二、连接代词用来引导宾语从句、主语从句或表语从句的连接词称连接代词。英语中连接代词主要有：what(什么),who(谁),whom(谁),which(哪个),whose(谁的)。三、不定代词：代替或修饰不特指的人或事物的代词叫不定代词。单数含义someanynonone / /each(every)oneeither,neithersothe other,another复合不定代词不可数含义muchlittle,a littleall / / /复数含义manyfew,a fewonesbothoth

3、ers,the others 注：复合不定代词有12个：something(某事), someone(某人), somebody(某人), anything(任何事), anyone(任何人), anybody(任何人), nothing(没事),nobody(没有人), no one(没有人), everything(一切), everyone(每个人), everybody(每个人). 1. some和 any 的用法：some一般用于肯定句中,意思是“几个”、“一些”、“某个”作定语时可修饰可数名词或不可数名词。I have some work to do today. (今天我有些事情

4、要做)They will go there some day. (他们有朝一日会去那儿) some 用于疑问句时,表示建议、请求或希望得到肯定回答。Would you like some coffee with sugar? (你要加糖的咖啡吗？) any 一般用于疑问句或否定句中,意思是“一些”,作定语时可修饰可数或不可数名词。They didnt have any friends here. (他们在这里没有朋友) Have you got any questions to ask? (你有问题要问吗？) any 用于肯定句时,意思是“任何一个”。Come here with any fr

5、iend. (随便带什么朋友来吧。)2. 不定代词含义范围作定语时名词的数作主语时动词的数both两者都=2复数复数either两者中的任意一个=2单数单数neither两者都不=2单数单数all三者或三者以上3单/复数单/复数none三者或三者以上都不3单/复数each每一个2单数单数every每一个3单数单数 1) Both of them enjoy the rice. 他们两人喜欢吃米饭。2) Neither of us is a doctor. 我们俩都不是医生。3) Either of you will go. 随你们哪个去都可以。 4）All of the money has b

6、een spent.钱都花完了。3. none、nothing、nobody(no one)、no的区别none表特指，只能独立使用, 既可指人，也可指物，可与of连用； 常用来回答how many、how much、 which。 nobody(no one)表泛指，只能指人，后面不跟of 短语,作主语时谓语用单数形式； 用来回答who。 nothing表泛指，只能指物，不能与of连用，用来回答what。 no是形容词性的不定代词，只能用作定语，不能单独使用。1. None of the students failed the examination. 没有一个学生考试不及格。2. How

7、much money do you have?-None.3. What are you doing now? Nothing.4. Nobody was late for school. No one knows how he managed to get the ticket.(没有人知道他是怎样搞到那张票的) Nobody handed in his/their composition(s) yesterday.(昨天没有一个人交作文。) None of my friends came to see me that day.(那天没有一个朋友来看我。) There is no time

8、left. Please hurry up. (没有时间了,请快点) None of them is/are in the classroom. (他们当中没有一个在教室里) I have many books, but none is interesting. (我有很多的书,但没有一本是有趣的) 4. every和each用法：every是形容词,只能作定语修饰单数名词,意思是“每一个”,表示整体概念；each是形容词、代词,可用作主语、宾语、定语等,意思是“每个”或者“各个”,表示单个概念； each可以放在名词前,可以后跟of短语。 every和each都用作单数理解,但是下文中既可以

9、用单数的代词(如he/him/his)也可以用复数的代词 (如they/them/their)替代。Every one of the students in his class studies very hard. (他班上每个学生学习都很用功) They are very busy. Each of them has something to do. (他们很忙,人人都有事干) 5. another、the other、others、the others的区别： one 代词，替代前文所出现的可数名词another 指三者以上中的另一个、“再.”others 表示复数的泛指= other +

10、n.the other 两者中的另一个the others 表示复数的特指other意思是“另一”、“另一些”,有复数形式。在句子中可作主语、宾语和定语。another意思是“另外”、“又一个”,表示增加,在句中可作宾语和定语。another(另外的, 再一, 又一)与the other(另外的一个) 主要从数量上区分, 只有两个时用the other, 在原先基础上增加用another。 Some girls are singing under the big apple tree and others are sitting on the grass talking.(有些女孩在大苹果树下

11、唱歌,别的就躺在草地上说话) You have had several cakes. Do you really want another one? (你已经吃了好几块饼子了,你真的还要一块？) I want another four books. (我还要四本书)This is one of your socks. Where is the other one? (这是你的一只袜子,还有一只呢？) I have eaten 4 cakes, but I still want another. (我已经吃了4块蛋糕,但是我还要以块。)others与the others的主要区别：others指

12、“剩余的人/物”(指大部分)；the others指“其余的人/物”,(指全部)。A few students are playing soccer while others are watching them.(有几个学生在踢足球,其他一些人在观看) Two of the ten boys are standing and the others are sitting round them.(十个男孩中有两个站着,其他人都围着他们坐着。)6. few、little、a few、a little的用法：few、little “很少几个”、“几乎没有”,有否定的意思,a few、a little

13、 “有几个”、“有些”,有肯定的意思 ；few、a few 与可数名词连用或代替可数的事物,little、a little与不可数名词连用或代替不可数的事物。它们在句中可作主语、宾语和定语。He is very poor and he has little money. (他很穷,几乎没有什么钱。) Dont worry. There is still a little time left. (别着急,还有一点儿时间呢。) In that polar region there live few people. (在那个极地地区几乎不住人) You can get a few sweets fr

14、om him. (你可以从他那儿弄到一些糖果)7. 复合不定代词somebody ,something ,anything, nothing ,everything, everybody等是由some , any ,no ,every, 加上body, thing 构成的,叫做复合不定代词,在句子中当单数使用。somebody, something, someone 一般用于肯定句中；anything, anybody, anyone一般用于疑问句、否定句和条件状语从句中。修饰复合不定代词的定语,应放在它们的后面。Hey, Lily. There is someone outside the

15、door. (嗨,丽丽,门外有人。) Did you meet anyone when you came to school last Sunday? (上个星期天你来学校时见到什么人了吗？)He has nothing much to do today.(他今天没有多少事情做)8. a lot of、lots of、a number of( /large numbers of)、a great deal of、plenty of的区别：五个“名词+介词”短语都表示“大量,许多”,a lot of(或lots of)既可以修饰不可数名词也可以修饰可数名词的复数形式, 可以相应地换为much和many；plenty of“足够、大量”,既可以修饰不可数名词也可以修饰可数名词的复数形式。 a number of / large