形容词的比较级.docx

1、形容词的比较级adj的比较级和最高级的用法*形容词比较级和最高级的构成1.规则形式构成方法原极 比较级 最高级单音节词和少数双音节词 +er/ +estquiet-quieter-quietest bright-brighter-brightestclever-cleverer-cleverest cold-colder-coldest, clean不发音e结尾，加+ r/ +stfine-finerfinest nice-nicer-nicest close-closer-closest white-whiter-whitest large-larger-largest cute late

2、wide brave 重读闭音节单词，双写结尾辅音字母，再加-er，-esthot-hotter-hottest wet-wetter-wettest fat-fatter-fattest thin-thinner-thinnestbig-bigger-biggest slim-slimmer-slimmest sad-sadder-saddest red-redderreddestmad-madder辅音字母+y结尾的词，改y为i，再加er/est。easy-easier-easiest heavy tidy empty busysunny dry cloudy snowy rainy wi

3、ndy tastyfunny happy lucky healthy friendly early, pretty, happy lazy early多音节词和部分双音节词词前加more和most.beautiful-more beautiful-the most beautifulinteresting, delicious, careful, exciting, importantnecessary difficult2. 不规则形式 good /wellbetterbest(两)好 bad /badly/illworseworst 坏/病many /muchmoremost(两)多 li

4、ttlelessleast fewfewerfewest 少far fartherfarthest (距离远） old olderoldest （年长的）远 furtherfurthest （程度深） 老 eldereldest （资格老的 *形容词比较级和最高级的用法1. 表示同级比较，用“as+形容词原级as”; “not as(so)+形容词原级as” 2. 表示两者的比较，用“形容词的比较级than.”There are fewer hours of sunlight in winter than in summer. He is slimmer than I . She plays

5、ping-pong better than I (do). （与主句相同的部分通常省略）3. 表示两者中较/更的一个，用the+ 比较级，而且还用of the two, of the pair短语：John is the cleverer of the two boys. Of the two boys, John is the cleverer.The larger one of the two is my hometown. I have two sons, the fatter one is Max.4.比较级前用much, far, a lot, a bit, a little ,ev

6、en, still, any来修饰。表“.得多”,“甚至.”,“.一些”。”This room is much brighter than that one. Im spending a lot more time on English than before.5.倍数的表示，倍数as+ 原极+asBeijing is ten times as big as my hometown. This room is twice as big as mine.6. 用“比较级+and+比较级”的结构，译为“越来越”The weather is getting colder and colder. Th

7、e city is becoming more and more beautiful.7. 用“the+比较级，the +比较级”的结构，译为“越(就)越 =if 从句The higher the ground, the cooler the air. The more , the better The harder you work, the more successful you will be8. 前后比较对象要一致.My news is more exciting than yours The climate of Kunming is better than that of Beij

8、ing.（）The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Tianjin. 比较对象是可数复数.than those/the ones. 可数单数. than that / the one. 不可数名词 .than that9.两者之间选择比较，用Which is + 比较级,A or B ? eg:Which is heavier, an elephant or a pig?10. 表示两者以上的比较，用“the+形容词最高级.of (in, among).”或(that) I have ever done/seenThis is the

9、 happiest day in my life. Mary is the best singer in our class.This is the most difficult homework (that) I have ever done.in+团体/范围/项目。如in China, in the world., in my class,in the competitionamong/of+参加比较的对象, 即个体名词复数形式。of/among them(three)Of all the movies, I think this is the worst. Among them, Cha

10、ngsha is the nearest city to Guangzhou.11. the +adj最高级，有my/Toms等时，省略the.his ninth/ happiest birthday Toms best friend12. “one of the+最高级” 表示“最之一”，形容词后的名词用复数形式。Mr. Green is one of the most popular teachers in our school.13. The+序数词+最高级：“第几最.”Huanghe River is the second longest river in China. He is t

11、he third tallest boy in Class One.14. a/an+最高级, 表示“非常”的意思It is a most important question.16.用比较级表示最高级。 同一范围用：than any other +n的单数； than the other +n复数He is taller than any other student in his classHe is taller than the other students in his class. =He is the tallest student in his class.He is tall

12、than any of the other students in.不是同一范围时找无other的选项Shanghai is bigger than any other city in China. Shanghai is bigger than any city in Japan17less/least+adj A is less careful than B-B is more careful than AA is less expensive than B-A is cheaper than B-B is more expensive than A.定语从句1.定语从句:在复合句中,修饰

13、某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句,被修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词,定语从句一般放在先行词的后面. e.g: Chen Guang Biao is the man who/that raises money to build schools.We should remember those days that/which we spent during the Olympic Games.有时,先行词与从句不是紧挨着。E.g:He sent a message to me which said he was busy2.关系词: 引导定语从句的关联词称为.，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。3.关系代词

14、作用：引导从句。 代替主句中的先行词。 在定语从句中充当一个句子成分,做宾语时可以省去。4.关系代词: that（人/物）, which（物）, who（人）, whom(人,宾格), whose（所有格）, as等,没有what；关系代词在从句中作主语，宾语(可以省去)，表语，定语等.It is about a man who/that falls in love with a woman when he travels on a ship.The place that/which you were born in is San Francisco. The person who/that

15、took him abroad when youre young was his uncle.Is the piano you are playing bought at the high price?5.关系副词: where, when, why等。在从句中作地点状语 where=in/ at/ on/ . which，时间状语when=during/ on/ in/ . which， 原因状语why=for which等。I still remember the room where I was born. I have to make marks in places where I h

16、ave questions.Do you remember the afternoon when we met for the first time?6.注意点： 1).先行词不能重复 the book .This is the right book which Mr LI is looking for it.2).关系词在从句中做主语时，从句中谓语动词的单复数要视先行词的单复而定。I hate people who talk too much but do little. I hate the man who talks too much but does little.He is one

17、of the teenagers who / that are interested in flying.7. 关系代词用that的情况。1).先行词是all, much, little, few, anything, everything, nothing , none, the one等不定代词时。 Is there anything (that )you want to buy in the shop？ Theres not much that should be done right now. I did nothing that hurt you in the past.2).先行词

18、被the only（唯一）, the very（正是）, the last等adv修饰时。After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing (that) he owned.Cheating was the only thing that interested her most. This is the very dictionary (that) I want to buy。 Game of Death was the last film (that) he acted in.3).先行词被序数词和最高级修饰时。He was

19、the first person that passed the exam. This is the best film (that) I have ever seen.4). 以who或which开始的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用that.例如：Who is the girl that is crying？ 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁？5). 先行词里同时含有人或物时.I can remember well the persons and some pictures (that) I saw in the room.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片一这些动词的现在分词要双写加ing

20、，1. sit/put/get/forget/hit/let/cut/chat/fit（使）适合；安装；合身/forget , shut， spit吐痰，set设置,放置，安置.regret,babysit2. stop, shop, drop, mop, trip绊倒，摔倒, step踩, trap陷入（困境）clap， slip 滑，滑脱3. swim/ begin/run /win / plan /spin 4. travel/quarrel/control /cancel 取消，注销；抵消 5. beg/ dig/nod / rob 6. refer vi. 提到；参考，查阅 ;pre

21、fer更喜欢 ;star 主演二这些动词的过去式和过去分词是规则的，要双写+ed.1. chat/fit（使）适合；安装；合身,regret2. stop, shop, drop, mop, trip绊倒，摔倒, step踩, trap陷入（困境）clap， slip 滑，滑脱3. plan 4. travel/quarrel/control /cancel 5. beg/nod / rob 6. refer vi. 提到；参考，查阅 ;prefer更喜欢 ;star 主演三adj的比较级1. 双写+erwet-wetter-wettest fat-fatter-fattest thin-th

22、innerthinnestbig-bigger-biggest slim-slimmer-slimmest sad-sadder-saddest red-redderreddest mad-madder2.辅音字母+y结尾的词，改y为i，再加er/esteasy-easier-easiest heavy tidy empty busysunny dry cloudy snowy rainy windy tastyfunny happy lucky healthy wealthy friendly early lovely一般现在时1.一般现在时表示经常发生的动作或存在状态，特征，能力, 性格。

23、2. 通常与every day/ year/morning/Monday/ autumn, always, usually, often, sometimes, at times, never等连用。3. 句型构成 be动词：主语+be(am,is,are)+其它 I am an English football player. 行为动词：主语+行为动词(+其它)。 We study English.harder than before. He likes ice cream. 4.主语在第三人称单数时用动词的“三单形式”，其他人称用动词原形。5.动词三单的变化规则：一般情况下，直接加-s p

24、lay plays like likes以s. x. ch,sh ,o结尾,加-es: misses, passes, mixes, fixes, watches, pushes, wishes, do-does, go-goes以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es try-tries study-studies cry-cries fly-flies (以“元音字母+y”结尾，直接加-s, buys, enjoys, plays, stays, says, pays）不规则变化：be- is have-has6.句子转换：一般疑问句：be动词或情态动词(can,could等)提到主

25、语的前面， 当句子中没有be动词或情态动词，在句首用do/ does变成问句；原来的行为动词恢复原形变否定句：在be动词或情态动词后面加not；当句子中没有be动词或情态动词时，主语后加助动词dont, doesnt形成成否定，原来的行为动词恢复原形7.人称: 第一人称I, we 第二人称：you, you 第三人称单数：人称代词he, she, it 单个人名Han Mei 、地名Beijing或称呼Uncle Wang单数可数名词a desk或this / that / the+单数可数名词 不可数名词the milk/bread 不定代词someone, anyone, anybody,

26、 somebody, no one, nobody, everyone, everything, something, nothing, anything及指示代词this, that 动名词 doing morning exercises, drinking milk特殊疑问词what, who, which一般过去时1、定义：表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。.2、表示过去的时间，yesterday, the day before yesterday, last night/ year / week/Tuesday/spring, in 1990 / May, in the 1970

27、s, two days /a moment ago，after two hours =two hours later, this morning, just now, once upon a time, the other day(几天前), in the past , used to do.(过去常常)，at 5=at the age of 5=when sb was 5.when, before等引导的时间状语从句等。3、句型构成主语+was/ were +. 主语+was not（wasnt）/were not(werent) Was/ Were + 主语+.?主语+行为动词过去式+.

28、主语+did not/didnt +行为动词原形+. Did+主语+行为动词原形+.？ 特殊疑问词+did+主语+动词原形？ 如：What did Jim do yesterday?特殊疑问词当主语时：疑问词+动词过去式？ 如：Who went to home yesterday?4、动词过去式的构成：(1)规则动词过去式的构成直接加-ed。如look-looked，play-played, offer-offered, weigh-weighed, destroy-destroyed, sign-signed. 以不发音字母e结尾的动词，去e再加-ed。如likeliked, provide

29、provided, hate hated, live-lived。末尾是辅音字母+y结尾的动词，变y为i，加-ed。如study-studied, fly-flied, carry-carried, cry-cried 元音字母+y”结尾，直接加-ed, stayed, enjoyed, played末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，先双写这个辅音字母,再加-ed, stop, drop, trap, shop, mop plan, fit(使适当，安装，合身) ,travel ,prefer，refer, regret, ban, beg， nod (2)不规则动词的过去式需特殊记忆5.注意

30、：时态一致的需要用一般过去时。 如：I didnt know you were here. 没想到你在这里。表示一系列的动作，尽管有先后，都用一般过去时，最后两个动词之间用and 连结。 如：He opened the door, rushed out and then disappeared. 他打开门，冲了出去，然后就消失了。 After he packed his school bag, he went out.在语境中理解“我刚才/原来还不”。 如：Your phone number again? I didnt quite catch it. Its 2566666. You cant smoke here, look at the sign on the wall. Sorry, I didnt notice it.现在进行时1、定义：表示此时或先阶段正在进行着某种事情2、时间状语：now, at the present, at the moment, today, this week, these days 3、句型构成：肯定句式：主语+be( am, is, are)+现在分词+其它. 否定句式：主语+be(am, is, are) +not +现在分词+其它 We are waiting for you. They are playing basketball