初中英语知识点全总结.docx

1、初中英语知识点全总结初中英语知识点全总结英语知识点是英语学习的重要组成部分,下面是我为大家带来的初中英语知识点全总结，相信对你会有帮助的。 初中英语知识点全总结：连词 初中英语学习最难的是语法，因为英语的语法跟汉语的语法有很大的不同。初中英语连词有很多种。下面为大家讲解一下初中英语连词的用法。 连词是一种虚词，它不能独立担任句子成分而只起连接词与词，短语与短语以及句与句的作用。连词主要可分为两类：并列连词和从属连词。 第一类表示并列关系的连词 并列连词：并列连词用来连接平行的词、词组和分句。 1)and 和 判断改错： (错) They sat down and talk about some

2、thing. (错) They started to dance and sang. (错) I saw two men sitting behind and whisper there. (对) They sat down and talked about something. (对) They started to dance and sing. (对)I saw two men sitting behind and whispering there. 解析： 第一句： and 连接两个并列的谓语，所以 talk 应改为 talked。 第二句：and 连接两个并列的动词不定式，第二个不定

3、式往往省略to，因此sang 应改为 sing。 第三句：and 连接感观动词saw 后面的用作的宾补的两个并列分词结构，因此whisper应改为whispering。 注意：1. and 还可以和祈使句或名词词组连用表示条件。(or也有此用法) Make up your mind, and youll get the chance. = If you make up your mind, youll get the chance. One more effort, and youll succeed. = If you make one more effort, youll succeed

4、2, A and B 当表示整体或者指同一人时谓语动词用单数, 当and连接的单数名词前分别有each，every，many等词修饰时，谓语也用单数。 bread and butter a knife and fork The mother and teacher is very strict with her son. No teacher and no student is allowed to smoke in class. 3. and连接的是两个相同意思的词，表示“渐渐”，或加强语气 Read it again and again 2)both and两者都 She plays (b

5、oth) the piano and the guitar. 3) neithernor 意思为既不也不谓语动词采用就近原则，与nor后的词保持一致。 Neither you nor he is to blame. 4)not onlybut (also)不但而且 She plays not only the piano, but (also) the guitar. 注意： not only but also 关联两个分句时，一个分句因有否定词not 而必须倒装。 Not only does he like reading stories, but also he can even writ

6、e some. 5) as well as 以及，也，与同样 The teacher, as well as the students, is interested in the activity. 比较and和or 1) 并列结构中，or通常用于否定句，and用于肯定句。 2) 但有时and 也可用于否定句。请注意其不同特点： There is no air or water in the moon. There is no air and no water on the moon. 在否定中并列结构用or 连接，但含有两个否定词的句子实际被看作是肯定结构，因此要用and。 第二类表示选择关

7、系的连词 1) or意思为或则。 Which do you prefer, tea, coffee, or juice ? 2) eitheror意思为或者或者 。注意谓语动词采用就近原则。 Either you or I am right. 3) or else/ otherwise 否则 Be silent, or else you will be kicked out. I am tired, otherwise, I would play. 第三类表示转折或对比关系的连词 1) but 但是 He is rich but unhappy. while 然而，表示对比意味 Some pe

8、ople love cats, while others hate them. yet 然而 She said she would be late, yet she arrived on time. however 然而，可是，不过 She does not like him, however, I like him. 2) notbut 意思为不是 而是 not 和but 后面的用词要遵循一致原则。 They were not the bones of an animal, but (the bones) of a human being. 第四类表因果关系的连词 1) for 因为，做并列

9、连词使用时，是在对先行的句子补述原因或者理由，只可以连接句子与句子，通常不置于句首。 He is absent today, for he is ill. 2) so, therefore 因此 He hurt his leg, so he couldnt play in the game. I think, therefore I am 3)then 那么，因而 Hide behind the wall, then they wont see you. 注意： a. 两个并列连词不能连用，但therefore, then, yet.可以和并列连词连用。 You can watch TV, a

10、nd or you can go to bed. He hurt his leg, and so / and therefore he couldnt play in the game. b. although yet，但although不与 but连用。 (错)Although he was weak, but he tried his best to do the work. (对)Although he was weak, yet he tried his best to do the work. 从属连词 从属连词不同与并列连词，只能用来引导从句，而不能引导词或者词组。从属连词一般可以

11、引导名词性从句和状语从句。 第一类引导名词性从句的从属连词 1) that 引导宾语从句或间接引语时，可省略。引导主语从句时不可以省略。 He said (that) he would come. 宾语从句 His mother told me (that) he is a good boy. 间接引语 That she is still alive is true. 主语从句 2) if/whether 是否 I wonder if he is at home. I ask him whether he would come. 注意：只可以用whether的情况 介词后面 It will d

12、epend on whether it rains tomorrow. whetheror not 固定搭配 Let me know whether you come or not. 动词不定式前 I dont know whether to accept his advice. 第二类引导状语从句的从属连词 1) 连接时间状语从句的从属连词 before 在之前 The war had been over before he came to China. after 在之后 He came to China after the war was over. since 自从 I have li

13、ved in this city since I was born. when/while 当 The teacher entered the classroom, when all the students were playing When I came into this room, I found him lying bed asleep (while后接的动词是延续性的动词) as 当 I saw her as I was getting on the bus. till/until 直到 I didnt go to sleep until/till I finished my ho

14、mework. as soon as 一就 As soon as he saw the policeman, the thief run away. 2) 连接地点状语从句的从属连词 where 在哪里 There were lots of parks where I lived. 3) 连接原因状语从句的从属连词 because 原因,用于解释某事的原因，动机，强调直接原因和因果关系 I do it because I like it. for 表因为，表间接的原因，用于说明，解释 I soon went to sleep, for I was tired since 表原因，比becaus

15、e弱，比as强，表一种已知的，显然的理由，常译为“既然 as 表原因时，意义最弱 As you are in poor health, you should do more exercises 4) 连接结果状语从句的从属连词 sothat 如此以至于 He is so kind that everybody likes him. suchthat He is such a kind man that everybody likes him 5) 连接目的状语从句的从属连词 that / so that / in order that 为了 Speak clearly that/so that

16、/ in order that they may understand you. 6) 连接条件状语从句的从属连词 if 如果 If it rains tomorrow, we wont go on a picnic. unless 除非 (如果不 ) He will come unless it rains. in case 万一 You may call this number in case I am not at home 7)连接比较状语从句的从属连词 than 比 Its easier than I thought. as/soas和一样 She is as tall as you

17、. He is not as/so tall as his wife. 8)连接方式状语从句的从属连词 as 按照 Do as I told you. Take things as they are. as if / though 仿佛 He behaves as if/though he was a child. 9)引导让步状语从句的从属连词 although/though 尽管 Although Japan is small, the population is big. even if 即便 Even if it was snowing heavily, we went on runn

18、ing. 初中英语知识点全总结：副词 初中英语学习最难的是语法，因为英语的语法跟汉语的语法有很大的不同。初中也要副词用法有很多种。下面为大家讲解一下初中英语副词的用法。 副词在句中主要用作状语，修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语或句子。 初中英语副词的用法： 修饰动词，表示时间、地点、程度、方式、频度等。一般位于动词之后，如果动词有宾语，则要位于宾语之后。频度副词常位于助动词和连系动词be 之后或实义动词之前。例如：He arrived only yesterday. 他是昨天才到的。There were clothes lying here and there on the floor. 地板

19、上到处都是衣服。I have been terribly worried about you all day. 我一整天都非常为你担心。She plays the piano very well. 她钢琴弹得很好。The boy is always asking his parents for money. 那个男孩老是向他父母要钱。She never goes to the cinema. 她向来不看电影。 修饰形容词、副词、介词短语，一般前置，只有enough例外，需要后置。例如：She seems quite happy. 她看上去相当愉快。Youve done rather badly

20、 in the test. 你考得够糟糕的。The wind was right in our faces. 风迎面吹来。This girl is not old enough to go to school. 这个女孩还没有到上学的年龄。He didnt run fast enough to catch the train. 他跑得不够快，没有赶上火车。 用作表语，多为与介词同形的副词和表示方位的副词。例如：Is anybody in? 里面有人吗?有人在家吗?Father is away. 父亲离家在外。I am downstairs and my brother is upstairs.

21、 我住楼下，我哥哥住楼上。My friend is still abroad. 我的朋友还在国外。 少数表示地点或时间的副词还可用作定语，一般位于名词之后。例如：I hope youll enjoy your stay here. 希望你在这里过得愉快。I met a friend of mine on my way home. 在我回家的路上，我碰到一位朋友。What did you think of the meeting yesterday? 你觉得昨天的会开得怎样? 副词的比较等级用法与形容词一样。 初中英语副词的分类 1、 时间和频度副词: now,then,often,always

22、,usually,early,today,lately,next,last,already,generally,frequently, seldom,ever,never,yet,soon,too, immediately, hardly,finally,shortly, before, ago,sometimes, yesterday. 2、 地点副词: here, there, everywhere, anywhere, in, out, inside, outside, above, below, down, back, forward, home, upstairs, downstai

23、rs, across, along, round , around, near, off, past, up, away, on. 3、方式副词: carefully, properly, anxiously, suddenly, normally, fast, well, calmly, politely, proudly, softly, warmly 4、 程度副词，放在被修饰词之前: much,little, very,rather,so,too,still, quite, perfectly, enough, extremely, entirely,almost, slightly.

24、 5、 疑问副词，一般放在句首： how, when, where, why. 6、关系副词，一般放在句首： when, where, why. 7、连接副词: how, when, where, why, whether. 初中也要重点副词注释： 1.asas常构成一些词组：as soon as(一旦就), as well as(同样), as+形容词/副词+as possible(尽可能地)。如：Please ring me up as soon as you get to Beijing.(请你一到北京就给我写信。)/ Miss Gao hurried to the school gat

25、e as quickly as possible.(高小姐尽快地赶到了校门口。) 注释 as long / much as + 名词可以表示长达/多达的含义。如：The house costs as much as five hundred thousand yuan.(那幢房子花费高达50万元。)/ They stayed in the cave(山洞)as long as two weeks.(他们呆在山洞里长达两周。) 2. later、after、ago、before的用法：一段时间+later/ago分别表示(多久)以后/以前,主要用于过去时态。after/before+某个时刻分别

26、表示在某时刻之后/之前,此时两个词是介词。ago与before：ago只能用于过去时,before用于完成时。如：He had an accident a week ago.(一周前出了一个事故)/ Some years later, the boy became a very famous singer.(数年后这个男孩成了著名的歌唱家)/ Have you been there before?(你从前到过那儿吗?)/ After a few years he gave up smoking.(过了几年他戒了烟。) 3.above、below、over、under的用法：在上下方用above

27、和below,在高低处用over和under.如：The stars are high above in the sky.(星星高挂在空中) / A plane flew over quickly.(一架飞机从头顶飞过。) 当above、below、over、under是介词性质时,意义相似。 4. too、also、either、nor的用法：too(也)用于肯定句和疑问句的末尾,且用逗号隔开;also(也)用于肯定句句子谓语动词之前;either(也)用于否定句末尾,也用逗号隔开;nor(也不)用于倒装句句首;如：Are you American,too?(你也是美国人吗?)/ He is

28、 not happy and I am not happy, either.(他不愉快,我也不。) / He didnt watch the football game. Nor did I.(他没有看足球赛,我也没有。)/ You can also find the market is very good.(你还可以发觉那个市场很好。) 5. enough、too、so、very、quite、very much的用法： enough (足够,十分)放在形容词或副词之后;too(太)、very(非常)、quite(相当)、so(如此地)等放在形容词或副词之前,very much(非常)放在动词之后。如：Its too/so/very/quite expensive.(它太贵/那么贵/非常贵/相当贵。)/ I dont like sweets very much.(我不很喜欢糖果) 注意 very与 much的区别：very修饰形容词、副词的原级和现在分词形容词,much修饰形容词和副词的比较级;much还可以修饰疑问句和否定句中的动词,very不可以。如：He is very stupid.(他很笨)/ The film was very moving and everyone swept.(电影非常动人,大家都哭了)/ You must work much harder or