讲义.docx

1、讲义 第二讲项目基本内容动词时态一、 一般现在时二、 一般将来时三、 一般过去时新概念二第10课一、重点词汇词组二、被动语态三、文章背诵1. They _ her to the party, so she was very happy. （2009 北京卷）A. invite B. invited C. will invite D. are inviting2. If I find his phone number, I _ you. （2009 北京卷）A. tell B. told C. will tell D. have told3.Keep practicing and you _ y

2、our English（2009 河北省）A. improve B. will improve C. improved D. were improving4.Our school _for the summer at the end of June.A. to close B. closes C. closing D. to be closed5. I will tell him as soon as he _ backA. come B. comes C. will come D. came6. Mary _ on shoes when she _ them.A. triesbuys B.

3、tries buies C. trys buys D. trys buies7. _ your teacher _ from them very often? Certainly.A. Dohear B. Doeshear C. Do receive D. receive8.I havent gone to school since I _ ill. Ill go to school immediately when I recover.A. was B. have been C. am D. had been9.The grey building is where the workers l

4、ive, and the white one is where the spare parts_.A. are producing B. are produced C. produced D. being produced10.The last half of the nineteenth century _ the steady improvement in the means of travel.A. has witnessed B. was witnessed C. witnessed D. is witnessed11.They _to enter the building by th

5、e back door, however, the front door was locked.A. werent supposed B. wouldnt be supposed C. were suppose D. would be supposed一般现在时一般现在时通常表示经常发生或习惯性的动作或目前的状态，常和always, usually, often, sometimes, every day, in the morning, on Sundays等时间状语连用。例如： I am a teacher. The earth is round. They go to school ev

6、ery day. He smokes a lot every day.Do you know his name?If it doesnt rain, well go to the zoo.巧记口诀1. 一般现在时时间状语口诀总是、经常、常常，有时、每一、没标志，星期s和周末。口诀解释：这个口诀是一般现在时的时间状语标志口诀，遇到口诀里的单词（always, often, usually, sometimes, every day. She comes early. 这句没有时间的标志，on Sundays, at the weekends）我们记得用一般现在时。具体用法如下：用法例句表示经常性

7、或习惯性的动作。We get up at six every morning.我们每天早上六点钟起床。表示客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。The earth moves around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。表示格言或警句中。Pride goes before a fall.骄必败。表示现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。Mr. Wang writes good English but does not speak well.王先生的英文写得很好但他说不好。在时间和条件状语从句中代表一般将来时。Ill go with you if you are free tomorrow.如果你明天有空

8、的话我将和你一起去。2. 一般现在时动词的结构（三单）时态其实很简单，变化的主线就是动词，只要我们掌握了动词的变化规律就什么也不怕了。下面我们来说说一般现在时动词的变化规则。be动词行为动词用法我是am你是are，is跟着他、她、它，复数都用are。第三人称单数外，都用动词原形，主语是第三人称单数时，在动词词尾加-s或-es。肯定式I am a student.She likes English.否定式I am not a student.She doesnt like English.疑问式Are you a student?Does she like English?简略回答Yes, I

9、am. / No, Im not.Yes, she does./ No, she doesnt.关于行为动词在一般现在时中，当句子的主语是第三人称单数时，具体变化规律如下：情况构成规则举例一般的动词在词尾加 slive lives, eat eats以字母s, x, sh, ch和o结尾的动词在词尾加 esgo goes 以“辅音字母+字母y”结尾的动词改词尾的y为 iescarry carries, worry worries特殊变化没有统一的规则have has 巧记口诀一般现在时用法及句型转换口诀经常习惯动作和真理，是一般现在时的定义，构成除单三皆动原式。若逢动词第三人称体，动词变单三式

10、有道理。若要变成否定的形式，动词原形之前加dont，除单三人称外无特例。单三式前doesnt加，单三式变动原基。句首Do，Does疑问起，Does用单三人称限制，单三还原形没问题。写出下列动词的第三人称单数形式。1. work read clean write 2. teach wash guess watch 3. do have are give 4. study fly cry catch 5. meet think win play 一、用动词be 的适当形式填空。1. There some magazines on the table.2. They not doctors, the

11、y teachers.3. His name John. He a Middle school student. He from America.4. What in your bag? there some food in it?5. Look, who over there? It Jack.二、改错。1. Is your brother speak English? 2. Does he likes going fishing? 3. He likes play games after class. 4. Mr. Wu teachs us English. 一般将来时一般将来时一般将来时

12、由shall / will+动词原形构成，表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态以及计划、打算做某事。常与一些表示将来的时间状语连用，如：tomorrow（明天），next week（下周），from now on（从现在开始）；in the future（将来）等。如：I(We) shall be back tomorrow. 我（我们）明天回来。 Hell come back next week. 他下周回来。一般将来时的其他用法 一般将来时表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态，其表达形式除了“shall（第一人称），will（第二、三人称）+动词原形构成”外，还有以下几种形式。 1）“be going

13、to+动词原形”表示即将发生的或最近打算进行的事。如：It is going to rain. 要下雨了。 We are going to have a meeting today. 今天我们开会。2）某些词，如come，go，leave，arrive，start，get，stay等的一般现在时也可表示将来。 如：The meeting starts at five oclock. 会议五点开始。 He gets off at the next stop. 他下一站下车。3）go，come，start，move，sail，leave，arrive，stay等可用进行时态表示按计划即将发生的动作

14、。如：Im leaving for Beijing. 我要去北京。用所给动词的适当形式填空。1. I wont (be) free tomorrow.2. Lily (stay) with me tonight.3. Its going to (rain) this evening.4. We (visit) our teacher next Sunday.5. She (come) here soon.一、单项选择。1. He _ very busy this week, he _ free next week.A. will be; is B. is; is C. will be; wil

15、l be D. is; will be2. He _ there at ten tomorrow morning.A. will B. is C. will be D. be3. _ your brother _ a magazine from the library?A. Are; going to borrow B. Is; going to borrowC. Will; borrows D. Are; going to borrows4. -Shall I buy a cup of tea for you?-_. （不，不要。）A. No, you wont. B. No, you ar

16、ent. C. No, please dont. D. No, thanks.5. If they come, we _ a meeting.A. have B. will have C. had D. would have二、句型转换。1. People in the north often go skating in winter.(next winter) 2. There are two cinemas in that town.(next year) 3. He comes back late.(in two days) 4. She is a conductor of a trai

17、n.(soon) 5. I am not free now. (tomorrow) 一般过去时一般过去时一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态。1. 一般过去时的构成：主语+动词过去式+其它。如：They had a good time yesterday.2. 一般过去时常用的时间状语 a moment ago（刚才），yesterday morning，last night/ week，the day before yesterday（前天），just now（刚才）等。3. 动词过去式的变化规律1）动词过去式的变化可速记为“直”、“去”、“双”、“改”四字诀。一般情况下在动词原形后直接

18、加-ed。如：want wanted play played以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，去掉e再加-ed。如：hope hoped live lived重读闭音节单词需双写最后一个辅音字母再加-ed。如：stop stopped以辅音字母+y结尾的动词变y为i，再加-ed。如：study studied worry worried规则动词过去式的读音也有规律可循。请记住：清后t，元浊d，t d之后读id。清辅音p k s 等后，ed要读t。如：worked finished元音或浊辅音b g v z m等后，ed要读d。如：lived calledt或d后，ed读id。如：started ne

19、eded2）不规则动词变化，要逐一熟记。be动词过去式有两种形式，主语是第一、三人称单数形式使用was，其他人称用were。不规则动词时态变化表变化类型ExampleA-A-A型（现在式、过去式和过去分词同形）cost cost cost 花费 cut cut cut 割，切 hit hit hit 打 let let let 让 put put put 放下 read read read 读 hurt hurt hurt 伤A-A-B型（现在式和过去式同形）beat beat beaten 打A-B-A型（现在式和过去分词同形）come came come 来 become became b

20、ecome 变 run ran run 跑A -B -B型（过去式和过去分词同形）(1)词原形后加一个辅音字母d或t构成过去式或过去分词burn burnt burnt 燃烧 learn learned/learnt learned/learnt 学习 mean meant meant 意思是 hear heard heard 听见(2)词原形的最后一个辅音字母“d”改为“t” 构成过去式或过去分词build built built 建筑 lend lent lent 借给 lose lost lost 失去 send sent sent 送 spend spent spent 花费(3)其他

21、pay paid paid 付 lay laid laid 下蛋 say said said 说 bring brought brought 带来 buy bought bought 买 think thought thought 想 sleep slept slept 睡 keep kept kept 保持 sweep swept swept 扫 stand stood stood 站 understand understood understood 明白 win won won 得胜 catch caught caught 抓住 teach taught taught 教 feel fel

22、t felt 觉得 fight fought fought 战斗 find found found 发现 get got got 得到 hang hanged/ hung hanged/ hung 绞死，挂 have had had 有 hold held held 盛，握 leave left left 离开 make made made 制造 meet met met 遇见 sell sold sold 卖 tell told told 告诉 smell smelt/smelled smelt/smelled 嗅，闻 sit sat sat 坐 fly flew flown 飞A-B-C型

23、（现在式、过去式和过去分词都不同）（1）动词原形后加-n或-en构成过去分词。eat ate eaten 吃 fall fell fallen 落下 give gave given 给 take took taken 拿 see saw seen 看见 write wrote written 写 ride rode ridden 骑 drive drove driven 驾驶 throw threw thrown 抛，扔 blow blew blown 吹 grow grew grown 生长 know knew known 知道 draw drew drawn 拉，绘画 show showe

24、d shown 展示（2）过去式加-n或-en构成过去分词。speak spoke spoken 说话 break broke broken 破碎，折断steal stole stolen 偷freeze froze frozen 冻结wake waked/ woke waked/ waken 醒 choose chose chosen 选择 forget forgot forgotten 忘记（3）变单词在重读音节中的元音字母 “i”分别为“a”（过去式）和“u”（过去分词）begin began begun 开始 ring rang rung 按铃 sing sang sung 唱 swi

25、m swam swum 游泳 drink drank drunk 饮（4）其他不规则动词的变化 be(am, is) was/ were been 是 be(are) were been 是 do did done 做 go went gone 去 lie lay lain 躺 wear wore worn 穿一、写出下列动词的过去式。 1. come fly plant are 2. play go make take 3. drink dance worry carry 4. taste eat draw put 5. throw kick pass do 二、Be动词的过去式练习。1.

26、I _ a doctor five years ago.2. She _ very sad yesterday. 3. They _ very tired at this time yesterday evening. 4. Lucy and John _ late for school this morning.5. There a very big tree here before.用所给动词的适当形式填空。1. They (go) to the park last Sunday.2. His father (get) a letter from his sister last week.

27、3. Who (break) the window just now?4. - he (do) his homework yesterday? -No, he (do).5. She still (have) time to cook for you at that time yesterday.4. 一般过去时的用法：一般过去时的基本用法1）表示过去某个特定时间发生的动作或存在的状态。如：He suddenly fell ill yesterday. 昨天他突然生病了。The engine stopped because the fuel was used up. 发动机因燃料用光而停机了。

28、2）表示过去经常发生的动作或存在的状态。如：I wrote home once a week at college. 我上大学时每周给家里写一封信。He was already in the habit of reading widely in his boyhood.他童年时就养成了广泛阅读的习惯。注：表示过去的习惯性动作，除了用过去时外，还可以用used to或would来表示。如：She used to study late into the night when she was in Senior Three. 她上高三时经常学习到深夜。He would sit for hours doing nothing. 过去他常常一坐几个钟头什么事也不做。 3）表示过去连续发生的一系列动作。如：She entered the room, picked up a magazine and looked through it carefully.她走进房间，拿起一本杂志，认真地翻阅了起来。The students got up early in the morning, did morning exercises and then read English aloud in the open air. 学生们很早起床，做