十年高考英语试题分类解析 情态动词与虚拟语气.docx

1、十年高考英语试题分类解析 情态动词与虚拟语气十年高考 2014最新命题题库大全2004-2014高考英语试题分类解析情态动词与虚拟语气 (2014安徽卷)30People are recycling many things which they_ away in the past.A. had thrown B. will be throwing C. were throwing D. would have thrown【答案】D【解析】考查情态动词。句意：人们在循环利用他们过去常常会扔掉的东西。Would have done表示对过去发生的事情的推测。根据句意可知D正确。(2014北京卷)2

2、7. _ I have a word with you? It wont take long. A. Can B. Must C. Shall D. Should【答案】A【解析】考查情态动词。句意：我可以和你谈谈吗？用不了多少时间。Can意为“可以”，表示请求、要求、建议等：；must意为“必须，一定”；shall意为“应，会，将，必须”；should意为“应该”。根据句意可知，空格can I？表示征求许可。故A正确。(2014北京卷)34. We _ back in the hotel now if you didnt lose the map.A. are B. were C. will

3、 be D. would be【答案】D【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果你没丢失地图，现在我们就会在宾馆里了。If引导的条件状语从句中，如果表示与现在事实相反时，条件句中的谓语动词用“一般过去时/were”，主句使用“情态动词+动词原形”。根据句意可知，题中所述内容与现在事实相反。故D正确。(2014湖南卷)22. If Mr. Dewey _ present, he would have offered any possible assistance to the people there.A. were B. had been G. should be D. was【答案】B【解析】考查虚

4、拟语气。句意：如果Mr. Dewey在场，他会向那里的人提供任何帮助。与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，条件状语从句要用“had done”，主句要使用“情态动词+have done”。根据主语的谓语动词形式可知，题干表示与过去的事实相反，所以从句谓语动词用had+过去分词。故B正确。【语言学习】1. 表示与现在事实相反的情况， 条件状语从句中的谓语用过去时(Be动词用were)，主句中的谓语用should/would/could/might + 动词原形；2. 表示与过去事实相反的情况，条件状语从句中的谓语用过去完成时，主句中的谓语用should/would/could/might + have d

5、one；3. 表示对将来情况的主观推测，条件状语从句中的谓语用were to do，should +动词原形或用动词的过去式 (Be动词用were)，主句中的谓语用should/would/could/might +动词原形。(2014湖南卷)25. Ive prepared all kinds of food for the picnic.Do you mean we_ bring anything with us?A. cant B. mustnt C. shant D. neednt【答案】D 【解析】考查情态动词。句意：我已经准备好了野餐的各种食物。你的意思是我们不必带任何东西了吗？c

6、ant意为“不可能，不能”；mustnt意为“禁止，不可以”；neednt意为“不必，不需要”。根据句意可知D正确。(2014江苏卷)31. It was sad to me that they, so poor themselves, _ bring me food.A. might B. would C. should D. could【答案】C【解析】考查情态动。句意：让我难为情的是，他们自己那么穷，竟然还给我带来了食物。Might意为“可以，或许”；would意为“会，将要，愿意，过去常常做某事”；should意为“应该，竟然”；could意为“能够，可能”。根据句意可知，题中shou

7、ld用于表示惊异、赞叹、不满等的句子中，意为“竟然，竟会”。故C正确。(2014江西卷)30. Life is unpredictable ; even the poorest _ become the richest .A. shall B. must C. need D. might【答案】D【解析】考查情态动词。句意：生活是无法预测的，甚至最贫穷的人也有可能成为最富有的人。shall意为“将要，必须”；must意为“必须，一定”；need意为“需要”；might意为“也许”。题中信息“Life is unpredictable”表明一切都有可能，所以用might表示可能性。故D正确。(2

8、014全国大纲卷)30. Although you _ find bargains in London, its not generally a cheap place to shop. A. should B. need C. must D. can 【答案】D【解析】考查情态动词。句意：尽管在伦敦你有时可能找到便宜货，但总得说来也那不是一个购物便宜的地方。should意为“应该，竟然”；need意为“需要”；must意为“必须，非得，偏偏”；can意为“能够，可能，有时会”。根据句意可知can表示有时可能，有时会。故D正确。【语言学习】Bargain物美价廉的商品At this price

9、 the wine is a bargain. 以这个价格，这葡萄酒算是物美价廉了。(2014陕西卷)23. We would rather our daughter _ at home with us, but it is her choice, and she is not a child any longer.A. would stay B. has stayed C. stayed D. stay【答案】C【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：我们宁愿与我们一起女儿待在家里，但这是她的选择，她不再是孩子了。would rather后面的从句中要用虚拟语气，如果从句表示与现在或将来的情况，用一般过

10、去时；如果表示过去的情况，用过去完成时。根据句意可知，空格处是与现在相反的情况，所以用一般过去式。故C正确。【语言学习】Choice1. 选择They had little choice but to agree to what he suggested. 除了同意他的意见，他们别无选择。2. 所挑选的人或物Although he was only grumbling, his choice of words made Rodney angry. 尽管他只是在发牢骚，但他所用的字眼却让罗德尼很生气。(2014陕西卷)25. My book, The House of Hales, is mis

11、sing. Who _ have taken it?A. need B. must C. should D. could 【答案】D【解析】考查情态动词。句意：我的书The House of Hales不见了。可能是谁拿走了？疑问句中表示可能用情态动词can或could; “情态动词+have done”表示对过去情况的推测。故D正确。【语言学习】请体会下列句子中的有关用法：Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you.Thanks. You neednt have done it. I could manage it myself.(不必做，但做了)M

12、ike is never late for school. Why is he absent today?Something must have happened to him.(过去某必定发生了)Johson paid for a seat, when he could have entered free.(本来能的，但又没那样)Mike should have paid more visit to his grandparents. He has been regretting not doing so since they passed away.(本应该，但又没那样)I shouldn

13、t have laughed, but I didnt think you were serious.(本不应该，但那样做了)My sister met him at Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon, so he couldnt have attended your lecture.(过去不可能做了)There was a lot of fun at yesterdays party. You ought to have come, but why didnt you?Yesterday, Jane walked away from the discussi

14、on. Otherwise, she might have said something she would regret late.(过去有可能，但没发生)My English-Chinese dictionary has disappeared. Who could have taken it?(过去可能)The flowers are dead. You might have watered them. (委婉责备)(2014四川卷)6. I still remember my happy childhood when my mother _ take me to Disneyland

15、at weekends. A. might B. must C. would D. should【答案】C【解析】考查情态动词。句意：我仍然记得我的快乐的童年,那时母亲常会在周末带我去迪斯尼乐园。Would可表示表示“习惯性动作”，可译为“常会，总是”。 根据句意可知，空格处用情态动词would，表示“习惯性动作”。故C正确。(2014浙江卷)16. They were abroad during the months when we were carrying out the investigation, or they _ to our help.A. would have come B.

16、 could come C. have come D. had come【答案】A【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：我们做调查的几个月里他们不在国外，要不然他们会帮助我们。句中的关键词or(否则)隐含了一个对于过去虚拟的条件句，该条件句为：if the hadnt been abroad during the months when we were carrying out the investigation; or后面内容相当于主句，表示对过去虚拟的情况，所以谓语动词用would have come。【语言学习】隐含虚拟条件句的关键词：or/otherwise, without, but for。

17、Without your help, the job would have never been completed. 那时候，要是没有您的帮忙，工作便无法完成了。But for the rain we would have had a nice holiday. 要不是因为下雨，我们的假日一定过得很惬意。We didnt know you were in trouble at that time，otherwise we would have given you a hand. 我们当时不知道你遇到了困难，要不然我们会帮助你的。(2014重庆卷)3. Ive ordered some piz

18、za, so we _ worry about cooking when we get home tired. A. cant B. dare not C. neednt D. may not【答案】C【解析】考查情态动词。句意：我订购了一些比萨,所以当回家很累时我们不必担心做饭。neednt意为“不心”。根据句意可知C项正确。【语言学习】Order1. 命令，指示；嘱咐 I was ordered home. 我奉命回国。2. 点(菜、饮料等)；叫(出租车) The couple ordered a new set of sterling silver rings from Tiffany

19、for $200 each. 这对夫妇从蒂芙尼珠宝店订购了一套新的纯银戒指，每只$200。 3. 定(货)；预定 Ive ordered some new dresses for you.我为你定购了几套衣服。The couple ordered a new set of sterling silver rings from Tiffany for $200 each. 这对夫妇从蒂芙尼珠宝店订购了一套新的纯银戒指，每只$200。(2014重庆卷)13. It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I _

20、it?A. had done B. have done C. did D. am doing【答案】A【解析】考查虚语气。句意：是约翰谁打破了窗户。你为什么以那样的方式与我讲话,好像我做似的？as if引导的方式状语从句中，当说话人认为句子所述的是不真实的或极少有可能发生或存在的情况时从句用虚拟语气，从句中动词时态的形式如下：如果从句表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时；从句表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用“had过去分词”；从句表示与将来事实相反，谓语动词用“wouldcouldmight动词原形。语境表明从句表示与过去事实相反，所以A项正确。1.【2013陕西21】 The childr

21、en_ lost in the woods; otherwise, they would have been at the lakeside camp as scheduled.A. must have got B. must get C. should have got D. should get【答案】A【解析】考查情态动词。句意：孩子们肯定在树林里迷路了；否则的话，他们就该按计划在湖边的宿营地了。副词otherwise之前的句子表示推测，之后的句子表示虚拟。must have done表示对过去发生事情的肯定推测，语气强烈。2.【2013陕西12】 My mom suggests tha

22、t we_ eat out for a change this weekend.A. should B. might C. could D. would【答案】A【解析】考查虚拟语气。关键词suggest表示建议时，其后的名词性从句中用“should+动词原形”。 句意：我妈妈建议周末我们应该改变一下外出吃饭。3.【2013重庆29】It rained cats and dogs this morning. Im glad we took an umbrella.Yeah, we would have got wet all over if we_.A. hadnt B. havent C.

23、didnt D. dont【答案】A【解析】考查虚拟语气。虚拟条件句主句从句均为对过去的虚拟，if从句中用过去完成时，主句多用would have done的形式，从句省略了taken，保留了过去完成时的助动词。句意：早上下大雨。我很高兴带了伞。是的, 要是没带伞，会浑身湿透。【语言学习】rain cats and dogs下倾盆大雨When we were well on the way, it began to rain cats and dog. 野餐进行到一半时，天开始下起大暴雨，弄得每个人都湿透了4.【2013重庆26】What are you doing this Saturday

24、?Im not sure, but I_ go to the Rolling Stones concert.A. must B. would C. should D. might【答案】D【解析】考查情态动词。根据“Im not sure”可知说话者不能确定，用might“有可能”，表示推测。句意：星期六要做什么? 我不确定,但可能要去滚石乐队的音乐会。5.【2013辽宁31】Harry is feeling uncomfortable. He _ too much at the party last night.A. could drink B. should drinkC. would h

25、ave drunk D. must have drunk【答案】D【解析】考查情态动词。句意：Harry感觉不舒服。昨晚的聚会上他肯定喝得不少。对过去发生事情的肯定推测用must have done。6.【2013福建30】Do you think George has passed the driving test?No. If so, he _ his car to our college yesterday.A. would drive B. drove C. would have driven D. had driven【答案】C【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果这样的话（通过驾照考试）

26、，他昨天就驾车来我们学校了。If so= If he had passed the driving test，主句使用情态动词+ have done。7.【2013湖南32】He _ sleep, although he tried to, when he got on such a hunt for an idea until he had caught it.A. wouldnt B. shouldnt C. couldnt D. mustnt【答案】C【解析】考查情态动词。couldnt不可能。句意：他一直冥思一个主意，尽管他努力睡觉,也不可能入睡。【语言学习】huntWe went o

27、n a hunt for the lost document. 我们寻找那份丢失的文件。After decades of being hunted, the whales finally received protection in 1966. 在被猎杀数十年后，蓝鲸终于在1966年受到了保护。【语言学习】请体会下列句子中的有关用法：Is Tom coming by bike? He should, but he may not. He likes walking.（可能不）I heard they went skateboarding in the park yesterday? It co

28、uldnt be true because the park doesnt open the whole day yesterday.（不可能）Jack, you mustnt leave all your books on the floor like this!（不准）Cherry doesnt mind lending you her ruler.She neednt. Ive already borrowed one.（不必）8.【2013浙江8】Eye doctors recommend that a childs first eye exam _ at the age of six

29、 months old. A. was B. be C. were D. is【答案】B【解析】考查虚拟语气。recommend “推荐，建议”，其后的宾语从句时应用“should+动词原形”的虚拟语气，空格处省略了should。句意：眼科医生建议孩子在六个月大的年龄进行第一次眼科检查。【语言学习】recommend1. 推荐，荐举She recommended us another restaurant. 她向我们推荐了另一家饭馆。He recommended Mr. Smith as a good teacher. 他称赞史密斯先生是位好教师。2. 劝告；建议He recommended

30、me to change my way of life. 他劝我改变生活方式。I recommend that you resign as soon as possible. 我建议你尽快辞职。9.【2013浙江3】I _ myself moreit was a perfect day.A. shouldnt have enjoyed B. neednt have enjoyedC. wouldnt have enjoyed D. couldnt have enjoyed【答案】D【解析】考查情态动词。情态动词否定式couldnt与比较级more搭配表达最高级；couldnt表推测“不可能”。

31、句意：这是完美的一天，不可能比今天更高兴了。10.【2013江西29】When I was a child, I _ watch TV whenever I wanted to. A. should B. could C. must D. need【答案】B【解析】考查情态动词。could能够。句意：小孩时，每当我想看电视时都能够看。should应该，must必须，need需要。11.【2013新课标I卷29】The door_ open , no matter how hard she pushed. A. shouldnt B. couldnt C. wouldnt D. mightnt【答案】C【解析】考查情态动词。描述主语the door的特点“老是打不开”，情态动词would（wi