专题十.docx

1、专题十专题十特殊句式一、强调句结构强调句是一种修辞，是人们为了表达自己的意愿或情感而使用的一种形式，下面简单归纳它的几种结构：1用助动词“do(does/did)动词原形”来表示强调：He does know the place well.他的确很熟悉这个地方。Do write to me when you get there.你到那儿后务必给我来信。2用形容词 very，only，single，such 等修饰名词或形容词来加强语气：Thats the very textbook we used last term.这正是我们上学期用过的教材。You are the only person

2、here who can speak Chinese.你是这里唯一会讲汉语的人。3用 ever，never，very，just 等副词和 badly，highly，really 等带有ly的副词来进行强调：He never said a word the whole day.一整天，他一句话也没说。I really dont know what to do next.我的确不知道下一步该做什么。4用 in the world，on earth，at all 等介词短语可以表达更强的语气(常用于疑问句)：Where in the world could he be？他到底会在哪儿？What on

3、 earth is it? 它究竟是什么？5用感叹句来表达强烈的感情，突出说话人的情感：How interesting a story it is! 这是一个多么有趣的故事啊！Oh，what a lie! 啊，真是弥天大谎！6用重复来表示强调：Why！why！The cage is empty! 啊！啊！笼子是空的！They walked for miles and miles. 他们走了好多英里。7用倒装句(也就是将要强调的句子或被强调的部分置于句首)来加强语气：On the table were some flowers.桌上摆着一些花。(强调地点)Only in this way can

4、 we solve this problem.只有这样，我们才能解决这个问题。8用强调句型：“It is(was)被强调的部分that(who)原句其他部分”来强调说话人的意愿：Its me that he blamed.他责怪的是我。9用If来表示强调：(1)If从句I dont know who/what，etc.does/is/has，etc.；主语部分也可以用 nobody does/is/has，etc.或 everybody does/is/has，etc.来代替(这里的 if 从句往往是正话反说，反话正说)：If he cant do it，I dont know who can

5、.要是他做不了这件事，我不知道还有谁能做。(强调只有他能做)If Jim is a coward，everybody is.要是吉姆是个胆小鬼，那么人人都是胆小鬼。(强调吉姆不是胆小鬼)(2)if 从句it be 主句(此用法可看成是第8条中强调句型的变形，即把所要强调的内容放在 it be 的后面，把其他内容放在由 if 引导的从句中)：If anyone knew the truth，it was Tom.如果说谁了解事实的真相，那便是汤姆。If there is one thing he loves，it is money.如果说世界上还有他爱的东西，那便是金钱。10用破折号、黑体字也可

6、以表示强调，加强语气：Its because of hard workten years of hard work.那是因为艰苦的工作10年艰苦的工作！He began the work in late May.他是在5月底开始的这项工作。(强调时间)二、倒装1主谓全倒装(谓语动词全部放在主语前面)(1)由引导词 there 引导的句子。例如：Theres an outdoor concert tonight in our school.(2)句首是表语且主语较长时。例如：Nearby were two canoes，in which they came to the island.(3)句首

7、状语为介词短语且谓语为不及物动词时。例如：From the window of the house flew an Italian flag.(4)方向副词位于句首时，若主语是名词，主谓须倒装；若主语是代词，主谓不倒装。例如：Down came the old man.Away they went.5地点副词 here，there 和时间副词 now，then 位于句首时，若主语是名词，主谓须倒装；若主语是代词，主谓不倒装。例如：Look, here comes the bus.Oh，here it comes.(用一般现在时替代现在进行时)Then came the day we had b

8、een looking forward to.(6)as 和 though 引导让步状语从句时，通常将表语、状语、动词原形等提前。Child as he was，he knew a great deal.(child 前不可加不定冠词)Much as I like the film，I dont want to see it a second time.Try as you might，you will fail to persuade him out of the idea.Strange though it may seem，the fattest man is the youngest.

9、2主谓部分倒装(助动词或情态动词等放在主语前面)(1)only修饰副词/介词短语/状语从句时。例如：Only when nations stop quarrelling and work together to feed the poor will human rights be possible.Only in this way can you learn English well.Only then did I know I was wrong.(2)某些表示否定意义的词和短语，如 barely，hardly, scarcely，little，few，seldom，not，never，no

10、where，not until，by no means(决不)，in no way(决不)，at no time (决不)等位于句首时。例如：Hardly could she walk at the age of four.Nowhere else in the world can one see more bicycles than in China.Not until all the fish died in the river did the villagers realize how serious the pollution was.(3)not only.but also，no s

11、ooner.than，hardly/scarcely.when 中的否定词位于句首时。例如：Not only was everything he had taken away from him，but also his German citizenship.Hardly had we got to the cinema when the film began.特别提醒：在 not only.but also 引导的两个分句中，第二个分句不倒装；在 hardly.when，no sooner.than 引导的主从句中，主句用过去完成时态并且倒装。(4)为强调状语而将 often，so(副词)提至

12、句首时。例如：Often did he go to school late.So loudly is he speaking，everybody can hear him.(5)so/such.that从句中的 so/such位于句首时。例如：So much did she worry about her daughter that she couldnt go to sleep.(6)so 作“也”讲，引导一个分句时。例如：He can swim，so can I.I wonder if your wife will go to the ball.If your wife does，so w

13、ill mine.若 so 只是重复它前面的内容，作“的确如此”讲时，主谓不倒装。例如：I often make mistakes.So you do but so does everybody.(7)neither，nor 作“也不”讲，引导一个分句时。例如：He didnt speak at the meeting; nor did I.(8)在表示祝愿的句中。例如：May you be happy!(9)虚拟条件状语从句中省略连词 if 时。例如：Were I you，I would not give in to him.Had I known you didnt have the ke

14、y，I wouldnt have locked the door.特别提醒：如果从句中的谓语动词是过去式，则 if 不能省略，主谓部分也不倒装。三、省略句1简单句中的省略简单句中的省略包括对话，祈使句，感叹句，独立主格结构中以及不定式中的省略。不定式的省略有如下几种：(1)用于 expect，forget，hope，intend，like，love，mean，prefer，refuse，seem，try，want，wish 等后。I asked him to see the film，but he didnt want to.我让他去看电影，但他不想去。(2)have，need，ought，b

15、e going，used 等后。I didnt want to go there，but I had to.我不想去那里，但又不得不去。(3)在某些形容词 glad，happy，pleased，delighted 等后。Will you join in the game？乐意参加我们的比赛吗？Id be glad to.乐意。(4)否定形式的省略用 not to。Shall I go instead of him？我替他去好吗？I prefer not to.我看还是别吧。(5)如果不定式中含有 be，have，have been，通常保留 be，have 和 have been。He has

16、nt finished yet.他还没结束呢。Well，he ought to have.哟，他该结束了。2复合句中的省略(1)主句中的省略主句中的省略多见于句首，多用于日常用语中。(It is/was a)Pity you couldnt come.你不能来真可惜。在对话中答句省去整个主句，只用从句。Shall I go to play？我可以去玩吗？If you like(you can go to play)如果你喜欢去。(2)宾语从句中的省略由which，when，where，how和why引导的宾语从句中与主句重复的主语及谓语，可全部或部分省去，只保留引导词。Please pass

17、me one of these books, I dont care which(you pass me)请递给我一本那样的书，无所谓哪本。在 Im afraid，I think，I believe，I hope，I guess 等作答句，后面跟“so”与“not”分别表示肯定或否定，宾语从句可省去。Do you think it will rain？你认为会下雨吗？I hope not(that it will not rain)(I dont hope so.) 希望不会下雨。引导宾语从句的从属连词 that 可省略。He said(that)he wouldnt come to the

18、party.他说他不会来参加派对。(3)定语从句中的省略关系代词在从句中做动词的宾语时。I have been to the city twice(that/which)you just visited.你刚参观完的那座城市，我去过两次。关系代词在从句中作表语时。After a score of years，Johnson is not the naughty boy (who/that)he used to be.20年后，约翰逊不再是当年那个淘气的男孩子了。关系代词在从句中作介词的宾语，而介词在从句句尾时。Generation gap is a problem(which/that)peo

19、ple are interested in.代沟是人们感兴趣的问题。某些表示时间的名词后的关系副词可省略，这类关系副词有 the time，every time，each time，the moment 等。Do you still remember the day(when)we first met?你仍然记得我们第一次相遇的那一天吗？某些表示地点的名词后关系副词有时也可以省略。This is the place(where)we met years ago.这就是我们多年前相遇的地方。先行词 the reason 后面的关系副词可省略。The reason(why)he did that

20、is quite clear.他那样做的理由是非常清楚的。当先行词是 way 时，关系副词常常省略。I appreciate the way(that)you teach us.我喜欢你教我们的方式。(4)状语从句中的省略现象当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致且从句中的谓语动词是系动词be时，可以省略状语从句中的主语和系动词be，这时从句中可出现如下结构：a连词(as，as if，once)名词Once(he was)a teacher，he now works in a government office.他曾经当过老师，现在他在政府上班。b连词(though，whether，when)形容词

21、Work hard when(you are)young，or youll regret.年轻时工作勤奋些，否则你会后悔的。c连词(whether，as if，while)介词短语He looked everywhere as if(he was)in search of something。他四处打量，好像在找什么东西。d连词(when，while，though)现在分词While(I was)walking along the street，I heard my name called.我沿着大街走时，听到有人喊我的名字。e连词(when，if，even if，unless，once，un

22、til，than，as)过去分词The exhibition is more interesting than(it was)expected.这个展览比预料的还有趣。f连词(as if，as though)不定式He opened his lips as if(he were)to speak.他张了张口，好像要说话。提示：当从句的主语和主句的宾语一致时，间或也有这样的省略。Her father told her to be careful when(she was)crossing the street.她父亲告诉她过马路时要当心。当从句中的主语是it谓语动词中又含有系动词 be 时，可以

23、把 it 和系动词 be 一起省略。此时构成连词(if, unless，when，whenever)形容词的结构。Unless(it is)necessary，youd better not refer to the dictionary.如无必要，你最好不要查词典。另外，我们还可以用 so 或 not 代替上文内容，此时可有 ifso/not 省略句式：Get up early tomorrow.If not(you dont get up early)，you will miss the first bus.明天要早起，否则会赶不上早班车的。(5)同位语从句与强调句型中的省略在 that

24、引导的同位语从句中，that 有时可以省略。I have no doubt(that)he will succeed.我并不怀疑他会获得成功。在强调句型中，who，that 有时可以省略。It was I(who)did it.是我干了这件事。高考真题再现1(2009辽宁卷)Its the first time that he has been to Australia, _？Aisnt he Bhasnt heCisnt it Dhasnt it解析：句意：“这是他第一次到澳大利亚，不是吗？”Its the first time that.是固定句型，反意疑问句的构成需依据主句的主语和谓语而

25、定。答案：C2(2009山东卷)So sudden _ that the enemy had no time to escape.Adid the attack Bthe attack didCwas the attack Dthe attack was解析：句意：“这次袭击非常突然以至于敌人没有时间逃跑。”soadj.放于句首时，主句倒装。sudden是形容词，在句中作表语，故应用was。答案：C3(2009天津卷)I travel to the Binhai New Area by light railway every day, _ do many businessmen who liv

26、e in downtown Tianjin.Aas BwhichCwhen Dthough解析：句意：“每天，我像许多住在天津闹市区的商人一样，坐轻轨火车去滨海新区。”as像一样，副词，为了强调主语，此处使用了倒装语序。如：They looked upon him as a trusted friend, as did many others he had deceived.他们和他所欺骗的许多人一样，也把他看做可以信赖的朋友。答案：A4(2009江苏卷)Whats the matter with Della?Well, her parents wouldnt allow her to go

27、to the party, but she still _.Ahopes to Bhopes soChopes not Dhopes for解析：句意：Della怎么了？哦，她父母不让她去参加晚会，但她仍然希望去参加。本句属省略句，完整形式应为：., but she still hopes to go to the party。答案：A5(2009福建卷)For a moment nothing happened. Then _ all shouting together.Avoices had come Bcame voicesCvoices would come Ddid voices c

28、ome解析：句意：“那会儿，什么都没发生。之后大家一起欢呼起来。”本题考查倒装句型，副词then, away, out, in等置于句首，且主语是名词时，主谓要全部倒装。答案：B6(2009江苏卷)Distinguished guests and friends, welcome to our school. _ the ceremony of the 50th Anniversary this morning are our alumni(校友) from home and abroad.AAttend BTo attendCAttending DHaving attended解析：句意：“

29、尊敬的来宾朋友们，欢迎莅临我校。”今天早上参加50周年庆典的是来自国内外的校友。本句为倒装句，正常的语序应该是：Our alumni from home and abroad are attending the ceremony of the 50th Anniversary this morning.答案：C7(2009浙江卷)Ive read another book this week.Well, maybe _ is not how much you read but what you read that counts.Athis BthatCthere Dit解析：句意：这星期我又看

30、了一本书。嗯，也许重要的不是你看了多少，而是看了什么。考查强调句：It is/was被强调部分that其他成份，故选D。答案：D8(2009湖南卷)You and I could hardly work together, _？Acould you Bcouldnt ICcouldnt we Dcould we解析：句意：“我和你几乎不能共事，对吗？”反意疑问句与前句的主语要一致，而且意思要相反。答案：D9(2009重庆卷)Unsatisfied _ with the payment, he took the job just to get some work experience.Athough was he Bthough he wasChe was though Dwas he though解析：句意：“尽管对工资不满意，但为了获得工作经验，他还是接受了这份工作。”本题考查though引导状语从句可用倒装的形式，即从句中的表语、状语或动词原形置于句首，但主谓顺序不变。though引导的从句也可以不倒装，前半句可写为：Though he was unsatisfied with the payment。答案：B10(2009湖南卷)Please do me a favor_ my fri