城市规划与建筑学专业英语.ppt.ppt

1、城市规划与建筑学专业英语Professional English For Urban Planning and Architecture 221013专业英语课件2 第九九 章：城市设计Chapter Eight:Urban Design 1 课文标题 ：城市设计ARTICLE:Urban Design 2 专业词汇：（27 个）Urban form 城市形态 Urban built environment 城市建造环境 Settlement 居住 Working 工作 Transport 交通 Recreation 娱乐 Flat 公寓，公寓楼 Individual buildings 单体

2、建筑 Skyline 天际线 Townscape 城镇风景 Layout 布局221013专业英语课件3 Built environment 建成环境 Natural environment 自然环境 Building form and massing 建筑物个体体量外观和建筑群的组合 Circulation and parking 交通流线和停车 Open spaces 开敞空间 Pedestrian ways 人行道 Signage 户外广告，路标 Nodes 节点 Landmark 地标221013专业英语课件4 Sense of belonging 归属感 External envir

3、onment 外部空间 Meet need 满足的需求 Apart from 除以外 School of thought 思想流派，学派 City structure 城市结构 Cityscape 城市景观 3 课文摘要：（见课本 p60）4 课文注释：221013专业英语课件5（1）英文原文：（什么是城市形态）What is Urban Form?Before discussion on the definition of urban form,it is necessary as a starting point to think about“how is a city formed”.U

4、ndoubtedly,people are makers of the city,and their basic intention for building a city is to meet various human needs,for example,settlement,working,transport and recreation.In order to satisfy these needs,a city is built and formed when people construct flats for settlement,shops and factories for

5、working,roads and bridges for transportation,and open spaces for recreation.中文示意：“在讨论城市形态定义之前，有必要以思考 城市是如何形”成的 这一问题为切入点开始。毫无疑问的，人们是城市的建设者，并且其建设城市的主要目的是满足人类的多种需求，例如，居住、工作、交通和娱乐。为了满足这些需求，城市被建造和形成起来。人们为居住需求建造的公寓，为工作需求建造了商店和工厂，为交通需求建造了公路和桥梁，以及为娱乐需求建造了公共空间。221013专业英语课件6 At the same time,except for indivi

6、dual buildings,various spaces are created between two or a group of buildings,skylines are formed by edges of buildings and mountains,townscapes are developed by the appearance of buildings and spaces/All these are called the urban built environment,which is an external environment but not a natural

7、 environment.Urban form is a terma1 to depicta2 the urban built environment.a1 术语 a2 描写，描述 中文示意：中文示意：同时，除了单体建筑，在两栋建筑及一个组群建筑之间的多样空间也被创造出来，由此，由建筑及山体的边缘所构成的城市天际线也形成起来，城镇风景也由于建筑和空间的出现而形成起来。/所有这些都被称作城市建造环境，它是一种外部环境但不是自然环境。城市形态就是描述城市建造环境的术语。221013专业英语课件7（2）英文原文：（城市形态内容）Urban form,including size,density,co

8、nfiguration,layout,mix of uses and building types，can make a significant impact on sustainability.Built form affects how people live in cities,how resources are used and how the economic life of a city functions.中文示意：城市形态，包括规模、密度、建筑物组合、布局、混合用途和建筑形式，都能给可持续性带来重要影响。建筑形态影响到人们如何在城市始中生活，资源如何被使用以及城市经济生活如何起

9、作用。221013专业英语课件8（3）英文原文：（城市形态的组成元素：不同的角度有不同的理解）The Elements of Urban Form There are different perspectivesa1 for perceivinga2 the elements of urban form.中文示意：中文示意：A 从功能角度归纳城市形态的组成元素：a1 角度 a2 理解221013专业英语课件9 From a functional a1aspect,Shirvani laid down eight elements of urban form in his book Urban

10、Design Process(1985,pp.6-48).They are:(1)land use;(2)building form and massing;(3)circulation and parking;(4)open spaces;(5)pedestrian ways;(6)activity support;(7)signage;and(8)preservation.Apart from Shirvani,Jacobs,Appleyard and Barnett are also advocates a2for this school of thought.中文示意：从功能的角度来看

11、，shirvani 在他的城市设计过程这本著作里列出了 8 个城市形态的组成元素，它们是：（1）土地使用，（2）建筑形式体量外观和建筑群的组合，（3）交通流线和停车，（4）开敞空间，（5）人行道，（6）活动支持，（7）户外广告与路标，（8）古迹保护。除 shirvani 以外，jacobs,appleyard 和 barnett也支持这一思想流派。a1 功能的 a2 主张221013专业英语课件10 B 从视觉和美学角度归纳城市形态的元素：From a visual and aesthetic perspective,Lynch,in his book The Image of the Cit

12、y(1960),identified five types of elements.They are:(1)Paths,which may be streets,walkways,transit lines,canals,railroads(2)Edges,which include shores,railroad cuts,edges of development,walls(3)Districts,which are recognizable with same common character.中文示意：从视觉和美学的角度来看，凯文林奇在他的著作城市意象中，定义了 5 种元素，它们是：（

13、1）通道：是道路、人行道、车行道、水道，铁路等等；（2）边缘：包括河岸、铁路交叉口、开发区边缘、墙等；（3）区域，是具有相同性质的地区；221013专业英语课件11(4)Nodes,which may be centers of activities,like a shopping center,major junctionsa1,places of break in transportation(5)Landmarks,which are usually a rather defined physical object such as building,sign,mountain or mo

14、nument.a1 主要交叉口中文示意：中文示意：（4）节点：它也许是活动中心，像是商业中心、主要的交叉口、交通集散点等；（5）地标：它通常是一个明显的物质性的建筑物，像是大厦、标志物、山体或者纪念碑等。221013专业英语课件12 C 从尺度的角度理解城市形态：Apart from that,Alexander(1977,pp.xxi)suggested that the urban form can also be understood at different scales:from“the very largest for regions and towns”to“neighborho

15、od,clusters of a1buildings,buildings,rooms and alcovesa2,ending finally with details of construction”.中文示意：除以上观点外，alexander 认为城市形态能够以不“”同的尺度来理解，从 最宏观的区域和城镇 尺度“到 邻里、建筑群、建筑、房屋和小室的尺度，最”终以建设细节的尺度结束。a1 一群 a2 小室221013专业英语课件13 D 对以上三种角度的分析比较：The above perspectives have their own advantages and disadvantage

16、s for perceiving the elements of urban form./The functional perspective is more related to the functions of a city,which can be easily understood from the view of urban planning.It also is easy for practice because it embodiesa1 the concretea2 elements that are easy to quantifya3 and measure in a comparativelya4 objectivea5 way.However,the functional perspective overlooksa6 the visual and aesthetic aspect of urban form.a1 体现a2 具体的a3量化 a4相当的 a5 客观的a6 忽视 中文示意：以上几种角度在描述城市形态的构成元素上都有其优势和劣势。/功能角度更关注的是