1、高考英语复习考点学与练 并列句和状语从句讲专题10 并列句和状语从句状语从句包括时间状语从句、地点状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句和结果状语从句。状语从句的考查主要集中在连接词的掌握上,尤其要重视as, until, before, since, when, in case等连词的各种语义功能和语法功能。其考点主要包括: 1考查状语从句的连接词。要掌握每个连词的含义及其用法,还有它们之间的一些区别。如:时间状语从句的连词有while, when,as,as soon as,until,notuntil,before, after,since等; 条件状语从句的连
2、词有 if,unless, in case, on condition that, provided (that), supposing, suppose (that)等; 结果状语从句的连词有sothat(如此以至于),suchthat(如此以至于)等。 2考查固定搭配和习惯用法的连接词。如:no soonerthan/hardlywhen(一就); the moment/minute,directly等的连词功能。3考查不同性质的连词在不同的语境中所表现的不同意义,如as既能引导时间状语从句,又能引导原因状语从句和让步状语从句; where引导地点状语从句和定语从句等。4考查状语从句的时态
3、。主要考查时间、条件、让步状语从句用一般现在时表将来,以及一般过去时代替过去将来时的用法。5考查状语从句的省略。在时间、原因、条件、方式、让步等状语从句中,常常省略相同的主语或作主语的代词it以及be动词,保留现在分词、过去分词、介词短语、不定式等成分。如果从句中有“it is形容词”,也可以省略it is。连词的考查主要集中在并列句和各种复合句中,主要考查连词的意义辨析。如:and, but, or或while以及其他连接名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句的连接词、关联词。 知识点一、时间状语从句(一)when,while与as引导的时间状语从句1when,while与as引导时间状语从句的区别
4、连词谓语动词用法点津when延续性动词非延续性动词从句的动作和主句的动作可以同时发生,也可以先后发生while延续性动词从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生as延续性动词强调主从句动作相伴发生,可译为“一边一边;随着”When they heard the news that Shenzhou had been sent up into space successfully,they jumped with joy.听到“神舟”九号成功发射的消息,他们高兴地跳了起来。While I was reading,he came in.我正在看书时,他进来了。The students sang as the
5、y walked.学生们边走边唱。2while还可以作并列连词,表示对比,意为“而,却”。Liu Wang is from Shanxi while Liu Yang comes from Henan.刘旺来自山西,而刘洋来自河南。3when也可以作并列连词,意为“这时,那时”。We were having a meeting when someone broke in.我们正在开会这时突然有人闯了进来。(二)before与since引导的时间状语从句1before与since的常用句式连词词义常用句式before在之前,还未就;才;趁,还没来得及It will (not) be一段时间bef
6、ore.(没有)过时间才It was not long before.不久就It was时间段before.过了(时间)才since自从以来It is/has been一段时间since.(从句用一般过去时)It was一段时间since.(从句用过去完成时)It will be two years before he leaves the country.再过两年他才会离开这个国家。It wasnt two years before he left the country.不到两年他就离开了这个国家。2since引导的从句如果用非延续性动词,所表示的动作自从句谓语动作算起;若用延续性动词,所
7、表示的动作自动作或状态的完成或结束时算起。Its two years since we arrived here.我们到这儿两年了。Its three years since we lived here.我们不住在这里有三年了。(三)表示“一就”含义的词(短语)引导的时间状语从句1引导时间状语从句,且表示“一就”含义的词或短语有:as soon as,the moment,the minute,immediately,directly,hardly/scarcely. when,no sooner. than.。2hardly/scarcely. when,no sooner. than.中主
8、句应用过去完成时,从句应用一般过去时;当no sooner.和hardly/scarcely.位于句首时,主句要部分倒装。(四)until与till引导的时间状语从句1until与till引导时间状语从句的区别连词位置用法点津until可以放在句首not.until可用于强调句型till不可放在句首一般不用于强调句型2.not until位于句首时,主句要部分倒装。(五)引导时间状语从句的其他常见连词(短语)1其他常见的引导时间状语从句的连词(短语)还有after,whenever,every time,each time,next time, the first/last time, any
9、 time, by the time, the day/year等。Whenever we met with difficulties, they came to help us.每当我们遇到困难,他们就来帮忙。2by the time引导的时间状语从句用一般现在时,主句用将来完成时;by the time引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时,主句用过去完成时。By the time you come back, well have finished the job.到你回来的时候,我们将已经完成这项工作。They had planted ten trees by the time we arriv
10、ed.我们到的时候,他们已经种了10棵树了。知识点二、条件状语从句1引导条件状语从句的常见从属连词有if,unless,as/so long as,in case(万一),once,on condition that,provided/providing (that),supposing(that)等。Youll fail the exam unless you study hard.除非你努力学习,否则你会考试不及格。As long as you dont lose heart,you will succeed.只要你不灰心,你就会成功。In case there is a fire,wha
11、t will we do first?万一发生火灾,我们首先做什么?2在条件状语从句中,用一般现在时代替一般将来时,一般过去时代替过去将来时。知识点三、让步状语从句(一)although,though,as与while引导的让步状语从句1although引导让步状语从句时,只能用正常语序;though引导让步状语从句时,可用正常语序,也可用倒装语序;as引导让步状语从句时只能用倒装语序,即从句中的表语、状语或动词原形置于句首,若表语是单数名词,前置时要省略冠词。Although the sun is shining, it isnt very warm.尽管艳阳高照,天气并不是很暖和。Happ
12、y as they were, there was something missing.尽管他们快乐,但总缺少点什么。2although与though都可以与yet,still连用,但不能和but连用。3though还可以作副词,意为“可是,然而”,置于句末。Ive a bit of cold.It is nothing much,though.我有点感冒,不过不太严重。4while引导让步状语从句时,一般置于句首。While I admit that there are problems,I dont agree that they cannot be solved.尽管我承认有问题存在,但
13、我不同意说这些问题不能解决。(二)even if与even though引导的让步状语从句even if与even though表示“即使,纵然”,有退一步设想的意味,多用于书面语中。Ill do it, even if it takes me all the afternoon.我要做这件事,即使它将花去我整个下午的时间。Even if I were in your place, I wouldnt take the job.即使我处于你的位置,我也不会接受这份工作。(三)“no matter疑问词”与“疑问词ever”引导的让步状语从句1“no matter疑问词”相当于“疑问词ever”
14、,二者都可以引导让步状语从句。Dont trust him, no matter what/whatever he says.无论他说什么,不要相信他。2whoever, whatever, whomever, whichever还可以引导名词性从句。(四)whether.or.引导的让步状语从句Whether you believe it or not, it is true.不管你相信与否,那都是真的。知识点四、地点状语从句1引导地点状语从句的从属连词where, wherever指具体地点时,从句可位于主句之前或之后;表示抽象条件的含义时,从句需放在主句之前。如:Where there
15、is a will, there is a way. 有志者,事竟成。You are free to go wherever you like.你愿意去哪里就去哪里。2注意区分where引导的定语从句与状语从句。如:Youd better make a mark where you have any questions.(状语从句)Youd better make a mark at the place where you have any questions. (定语从句)你最好在有问题的地方做一下标记。知识点五、原因状语从句1引导原因状语从句的从属连词有:because, as, sinc
16、e, now that, seeing that, considering that,每个连词的含义不尽相同。区别项目位置内涵语气能否回答why能否被强调because(因为)主句前或后直接因果关系强能能as(由于)主句前或后对方都知道的原因弱不能不能since/nowThat(既然)主句前如:Shes studying because she has a test tomorrow.她正在学习,因为她明天有考试。As it is raining, we shall not go to the park.由于在下雨,我们不去公园了。Now that/Since everybody is her
17、e, lets begin our meeting.既然大家都在,我们开始开会吧。2此外,when也可以表示原因,意为:since; considering that既然;考虑到。如:It was foolish of you to take a taxi when you could easily walk there in five minutes.既然步行5分钟能轻松到达那里,你却打车,你可真够愚蠢的。知识点六、目的状语从句和结果状语从句1目的状语从句引导目的状语从句的从属连词有so that, in order that, for fear that, in case, lest等。如
18、:Ill speak slowly so that you can understand me.我会慢慢说,这样你就能理解我。Take your raincoat in case/lest it should rain.带上雨衣以防下雨。2结果状语从句(1)引导结果状语从句的从属连词有:so that, so.that., such.that.在非正式语体中,由so.that.,such.that.引导的句子中的that可以省略,注意其结构形式:如:Mike is such an honest worker that we all believe him.Mike is so honest a
19、 worker that we all believe him.迈克是一个如此诚实的工人,以至于我们都相信他。It is such fine weather that we all want to go to the park.天气如此晴朗,以至于我们都想去公园。He earned so little money that he couldnt support his family.他挣的钱如此少,以至于养不起家。当so或such置于句首时,主句要用倒装语序。如:So clever a student was he that he was able to work out all diffic
20、ult problems.他是如此聪明的学生,以至于能成功地解出所有难题。(2)除结果状语从句外,too.to.(太而不能),enough to.(达到某种程度可以),so.as to.(那么以至于)等不定式结构同样可以表示结果。如:He didnt get up early enough to catch the bus.He got up too late to catch the bus.He got up so late as to miss the bus.他起床太晚,以至于没赶上那班公共汽车。知识点七、方式状语从句引导方式状语从句的从属连词有as, as if, as though
21、等。方式状语从句应放在主句之后。其中as if或as though引导的从句一般用虚拟语气,但如果从句中所述的情况很可能实现,也可用陈述语气。如:Do as you are told to, or youll be fired.告诉你怎么做就怎么做,否则你会被解雇。The old lady treats the boy as if he were her own son.这位老太太对待这个男孩就像他是她自己的儿子似的。I feel as if I have a fever.我感觉像是发烧了。高频考点一、考查连词的用法例1. 【2018天津】Lets not pick these peaches
22、 until this weekend _they get sweet enough to be eaten.A. ever since B. as ifC. even though D. so that【答案】D【解析】考查连词短语词义辨析及语境理解。句意:让我们这个周末再摘这些桃子,这样的话,它们吃起来就变得足够的甜。A. ever since自那时起;B. as if好像;C. even though尽管;D. so that以便。从句为目的状语从句,故用so that引导。故选D。【变式探究】(2017北京)Peter, please send us postcards _ well
23、know where you have visited.No problem.A. but B. or C. for D. so【答案】D【解析】A. but 但是 B. or 或者 C. for 因为 D. so因此 句意: Peter,请给我们寄明信片,因此我们就会知道你们去哪游览过,根据语境可知前后句之间是因果关系,故用so,选D。【变式探究】_ the average age of the population increases, there are more and more old people to care for. A. Unless B. Until C. As D. W
24、hile【答案】C【解析】句意:随着人口平均年龄的增长,越来越多的老人要照顾。unless除非;until直到;as因为,正如,随着;while虽然,然而,当时候。根据语境,故选C。【变式探究】_online shopping has changed our life , not all of its effects have been positive.A. Since B. After C. While D. Unless【答案】C【解析】句意:尽管网上购物已经改变了我们的生活,但是不是其所有的影响都是积极的。while引导让步状语从句,意为“尽管,虽然”;since既然,自从;after
25、在之后;unless除非。故选C。高频考点二、考查时间状语从句例2 I believe you will have a wonderful time here _ you get to know everyone else.Athough Bas ifConce Dso that【答案】C【解析】考查语意逻辑关系。句意:_你认识了这里的其他所有人,我相信你会在这里玩得很愉快的。though意为“虽然”,引导让步状语从句;as if意为“好像,仿佛”,引导方式状语从句或表语从句; once“一旦”,引导时间状语从句;so that“以便;结果”,引导目的状语从句或结果状语从句。根据句中的关键信息
26、you will have a wonderful time和you get to know everyone else可知应用once引导时间状语从句。【举一反三】We need to get to the root of the problem _ we can solve it.Awhile BafterCbefore Das【答案】C【解析】考查语意逻辑关系。句意:我们需要在我们能解决它_找到问题的根源。 while表示“然而”时,连接并列句;表示“当的时候”时,引导时间状语从句。after在之后,引导时间状语从句; before 在之前,引导时间状语从句; as表示“当的时候”时,引
27、导时间状语从句,表示“因为”时,引导原因状语从句,表示“正如”时,引导方式状语从句。由语境可知,我们在解决问题前需要找到其根源,因此用before引导时间状语从句。【变式探究】It was the middle of the night _ my father woke me up and told me to watch the football game.Athat Bas Cwhich Dwhen 【答案】D【解析】考查状语从句引导词的选择。句意:当我父亲叫醒我,告诉我看足球比赛的时候是午夜。when在此引导时间状语从句。此题易误选A项,原因是把这个句子看成了强调句,如果在the mid
28、dle of the night前加介词in,则此句为强调句,因此解此类题目时要注意分析句子成分。【变式探究】If you miss this chance,it may be years _ you get another one.Aas BbeforeCsince Dafter【答案】B【解析】考查状语从句引导词的选择。句意:如果你错过了这次机会,可能需要很多年你才能再获得另一次。此题可将“itbe时间段before.”视为固定句式,“it will/may be时间段before.”意为“将/可能需要一段时间才/就”。“it was时间段before.”意为“过了多久就,过了多久才”。高
29、频考点三 让步状语从句例3My grandfather still plays tennis now and then, _ hes in his nineties.Aas long as Bas ifCeven though Din case【答案】C【解析】考查状语从句。句意:我爷爷虽然已经90多岁了,但他有时还打网球。根据句意并分析句子成分可知,本空需要从属连词引导让步状语从句。even though表示“尽管,虽然”,符合句意。as long as“只要”;as if“仿佛,好像”;in case“以防万一”。【举一反三】_ the students came from differe
30、nt countries,they got along quite well in the summer camp.AWhile BUnlessCSince DUntil【答案】A【解析】考查状语从句引导词的选择。句意:_学生们来自不同的国家,他们在夏令营相处得非常好。根据句意可知,本题前后为转折关系,所以应用while“尽管”来引导状语从句,表转折。故答案为A项。【变式探究】_ the forest park is far away,a lot of tourists visit it every year.AAs BWhen CEven though DIn case【答案】C【解析】考查状语从句引导词的选择。句意:_森林公园离得很远,每年有
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