1、高中英语 Module 2 Unit3Computers说课稿 新人教版2019-2020年高中英语 Module 2 Unit3puters说课稿 新人教版一、设计思想(一)设计思想 高中的语法教学不仅是必要的,而且是打基础的最重要的阶段。但是语法教学不是目的,而是为了掌握和应用语言服务的,即 “Learning by doing”。这堂语法课遵循二语习得的理论和中国学生的语言认知规律,变传统的接受式教学法为“发现体验探究合作”式教学法,即以4P语法教学(preparation, presentation, practice, production)组织课堂,主张课堂教学应该指导学生在充分体
2、验语言材料的基础上,即充分的语言信息输入的基础上,归纳有关语言知识和语言技能。在设计思路上充分考虑到学生的生活经验和兴趣,为学生精心设置各种情景,通过一系列的任务活动,达到有效的语言输出,即语法应用能力的培养。(二)理论依据:1.认知学习理论: 布鲁纳在认知发现说中强调指出学习过程是一种积极的认知过程。他认为学习的实质在于主动地形成认知结构。他非常重视人的主动性和己有经验的作用,重视学习的内在动机与发展学生的思维,提倡知识的发现学习。他说:发现不限于那种寻求人类尚未知晓的事物之行为,正确地说,发现包括着用自己的头脑亲自获得知识的一切形式或方法。他认为发现学习具有以下一些优点:(1)有利于激发学
3、生的潜力;(2)有利于加强学生的内在学习动机;(3)有助于学生学会学习;(4)有利于知识的保持与提取。2.语言习得理论:美国语言学家克拉申(S.D.Krashen)在二十世纪七十年代提出了“语言习得”理论。该理论认为,人们掌握某一种语言所通过的方式主要有两种:一种是习得(acquisition),另外一种是学习(learning)。所谓“习得”是指学习者通过与外界的交际实践,无意识地吸收到该种语言,并在无意识的情况下,流利、正确地使用该语言。在英语课堂教学中,笔者认为应通过学生之间和师生之间的交流获得思维的碰撞,在这种潜移默化的语言习得中促进学生英语的学习。而“学习”是指有意识地研究且以理智的
4、方式来理解某种语言(一般指母语之外的第二语言)的过程。学生只有在大量接触和使用真实、自然的语言中,才能养成运用英语的能力(三)设计特色:以计算机为话题,遵循学中用,用中学的原则。创设情景让学生发现,体验而习得语言,并在学生的博客上运用语言,学生学得快乐,有效果。二、教材分析1新颁布的英语课程标准明确指出此次英语课程改革的重点就是要改变英语教学过分重视语法和词法知识的讲解与传授,忽视对学生实际语言运用能力的倾向。强调从学生的学习兴趣、生活经验和认知水平出发,倡导体验、实践、参与、合作与交流的学习方式,发展学生的综合语言运用能力。因此,在教授语法时,我们教师不应采取满堂灌的教学模式,而应将语言的形
5、式与意义和真实情景结合起来,使学生在实际语言运用中内化语言规则。本课的设计即以此为本,旨在给学生提供一个观察,发现,体验、实践而习得语言的平台。2本课学习的内容是NSEC Module2 Unit3 puter的Learning about language 中的一个课时。考虑到教学内容较多,既包含新词汇的学习和巩固,副词的运用,又包含语法的讲解,一节课很难落实教学目标;从学生的实际情况看,现在完成时的被动语态虽然在初中曾经出现,但不做要求,所以学生掌握的情况不好。基于这两点考虑,笔者对教材进行重组,把Learning about language中的语法课单独作为一个课时,以加强学生的理解和
6、应用。著名语言学家Littlewood 曾经说过:“语言能力是具备交际能力的首要条件。因为一连串不合语法的句子很难达到交际的目的。好的交际能力必须要有扎实的语言知识作基础”。因此本课语法教学将对掌握好这一模块语言知识及交际活动的顺利进行,都起着支持的作用。3现在完成时的被动语态属初高中知识的结合点。学生在初中学习中已经初步了解其结构,由于初中时学生的认知水平有限,并且介绍过于简单,学生仍是知其然而不知其所以然,更谈不上应用。但初中这一语法点的介绍,为高中体验和应用提供了知识储备。所以,如何以初中知识为生长点,以教材内容为载体,以计算机为主线,展开语法知识的教学,体验和应用现在完成时的被动语态是
7、本课教学活动的主要目标。三、学情分析1教学的对象是高一学生,他们已经在初中对现在完成时被动态已有所了解,但是在掌握的程度上,有较大的差异,一小部分同学确实掌握的不错,从而可能对这课学习没有很强的兴趣;大部分学生还不太明确;还有一小部分学生根本不知道是怎么一回事。这给教学带来较大的挑战。笔者在教学中针对不同学生的不同需求,不同水平学生的不同特点,设置各种活动,有个体活动和交互活动,有机械操练和实践性及创造性活动,循序渐进,期望不同层次的学生都能学有所得。2高一学生思维活跃,敢于提出不同见解,三年的初中英语学习,使学生储备了一定的词汇和英语知识,能较好地展开话题讨论,各抒己见。笔者采取多媒体教学,
8、运用多种教学方法和手段激发学生交流和学习的兴趣,希望学生始终处于积极、主动的思考、探究和创造的状态中,创造充满活力的课堂气氛。四、教学目标1 语言知识目标:掌握现在完成时的被动语态结构和规则2 语言技能目标:运用现在完成时的被动语态进行交流3 情感态度:学生能自如地表达自己的思想,情感以及与人合作交流的能力。4 学习策略:通过主动语态和被动语态的比较,以及现在完成时的应用培养学生的认知策略;引导学生对自己学习过程,学习困难等进行分析,培养学生的调控策略;鼓励学生运用现在完成时的被动语态,在情景中进行交流,培养学生的交际策略。5 文化意识:让学生了解计算机的优缺点,正确使用计算机。五、重点难点1
9、 教学重点:现在完成时的被动语态结构和规则,主动语态和被动语态的转换,如何正确对待和使用电脑。2 教学难点:现在完成时的被动语态的应用,通过合作交流表达思想和情感。六、教学策略与手段本课教学强调从学生实际情况出发,从学生生活经验出发,而不是从“本本”出发。以学生为中心,让学生成为课堂中的主角,教师成为教学活动的组织者,合作者和参与者。在设置任务的过程中,考虑到了生生互动,师生互动。学生在教师特意创设的教学情境如直观情境,合作情境和活动情境等中去学习语法,体会英语语言的特点,使语法学习能在一种活的环境中轻松愉快地进行。通过发现,体验自然习得语法知识,取得良好的教学效果。七、课前准备新的课程标准强
10、调教师,学生,内容,环境四个因素的整合,这四个因素持续交互,呈动态发展。因此,笔者在课前充分考虑到这四个因素,并为之做好准备。1 学生的学习准备:鼓励学生课前认真复习阅读课,掌握计算机的发展,功能以及优缺点,回忆现在完成时被动语态的结构。2教师的教学准备新课程标准要求采用互动的课堂模式,提倡开放的学习方式,鼓励学生创造性地运用语言。笔者在上课前,注意了解不同层次学生对这一语法的了解程度,吃透教材,上网查询资料,扩大自己的知识面和对电脑的认识,下载新颖的有关电脑和新科技的图片,以激发学生学习的积极性。除此之外,还在课前估计课堂内可能发生的情况,准备好各种预案,以便顺利完成教学任务。3教学用具的设
11、计和准备多媒体电脑,实物投影仪,下载图片4张:各种形状的鼠标,各种形状的键盘,各种新型电脑,造型各异的机器人。4教学环境的设计与布置:笔者注意营造温馨,和谐,民主的气氛,鼓励学生积极参与,在设置任务时,注重不同层次学生的需求,鼓励学生合作,交流,使用学生勇于思考,善于思考。八、课堂教学过程设计:Step 1 Preparation(发现准备阶段)Review the text and discover the structure(Before class, let Ss enjoy some pictures about specially-designed puter)T: we learn
12、ed “Who am I” yesterday. Now, Id like you to make an interview with your partner. One is the reporter, and the other is Mr. / Miss puter.These words may help you.1. make, size 2. since then, municate with 3. since my birthWrite some key sentences on the blackboard:(1) As the years have gone by, the
13、puter has been made smaller and smaller.(2) Since then, my family and I have been used by millions of people to deal with information and municate with each other around the world by the Internet.(3) I have truly been built to serve the human race since my birth.设计说明:由记者采访导入新课,复习课文,激发学习兴趣,呈现现在完成时的被动
14、语态。学生在初中已经接触到这个语法,因此很快能回忆并发现这个语法现象,为感知体验做好铺垫。这个环节的设计,是尊重学生已有经验的体现,也是对英语学习有困难的学生的关心。 Step 2 Presentation(呈现体验阶段)I. 初步体验T: Nowadays, puter has been used more often than ever before by the students. Then, what has it been used in our life? Make the students try to express themselves freely. Help the st
15、udents to describe the pictures, using the present perfect passive voice.S1: puter has been used to chat with my friends.S2: puter has been used to send E-mails to my friends.S3: puter has been used to gather information.T: I am glad to hear that puter has really been used by us.Students in class13
16、(14) have bought a new personal puter. We can also express our meaning: Ss: A new personal puter has been bought by them.T: Now, look, what about the puter used by the students in class13 (class14)?1. They have found many problems with our puter.2. They have just joined their puter to the Internet.3
17、. They have built a PC the way they want.4. They have used the puter every day sine they bought it.5. They have written a lot of e-mails on the puter in the past year.T: ask students change these sentences into the present perfect passive voice.S1. Many problems with their puter have been found by t
18、hem.S2. Their puter has just been joined to the Internet.设计说明:计算机,高中生最感兴趣的话题之一。兴趣使学生积极大胆参与和教师地交流,在谈论计算机的用处时,学生通过has been used这一短语体验现在完成时的被动语态,在此基础上,就有关兄弟班同学使用电脑这个话题,进行主动语态和被动语态的转换。这一环节的设计,使学生在发现语法现象的基础上,感知和体验语法在实践中的运用。II. 呈现阶段Together with the students,the teacher summarizes the use of the structure
19、. 教师点拨语法特点并提醒重难点:一. 被动语态的形式是be done, 二. 现在完成时经常与Since, for, yet, already, so far, by now, in the past few years, how long等词连用,三. 助动词的选择have/has 要与主语一致。设计说明:学生通过主动观察,发现,在教师的点拨下,较好地归纳出现在完成时被动态的结构,避免了以往教师上语法课喋喋不休的讲解,学生听得昏昏欲睡的被动局面。III. 再次体验Fill in the blanks, using correct tense and voice:1I dont know h
20、ow many days I have been given (give) to spend, but I do feel my hands are empty. 我不知道他们给了我多少日子,但我的手确乎是渐渐空虚了。匆匆2. Never mention rope in the house of a man who has been hanged. (hang)不揭别人的短处。 3. The year that is drawing towards its close, has been filled (fill) with the blessings of fruitful fields a
21、nd healthful skies. 林肯总统1863年感恩节贺辞4. Peace has been preserved (preserve:维护)with all nations, order has been maintained, (maintain:维持)the laws have been respected (respect) and obeyed, and harmony has prevailed (流行,盛行 )everywhere. 林肯总统1863年感恩节贺辞设计说明: 在发现和归纳的基础上,利用学生喜欢的经典句体验语法结构和功能,让学生发现语法术语不能单独表意,只有在
22、具体的情境中,才能表情达意。Step 3 Practice(实践阶段)I. Game:Task: Describe what has happened in the picturesRequirements: 1. Use “ have / has been done”;2. Four groups are divided, and every group chooses one picture. The group which gives the most sentences will win. Because time is limited, the most sentences are
23、six.3. “One person, one chance”-Everyone has just one chance.设计说明: 语言学习是枯燥的,学生在长时间的语言学习中,往往感到厌倦,根据学生的认知规律和表现欲强的特点,也为了给部分不愿参与语言学习的学生以足够的动力,在课堂中适时的运用游戏能刺激学生思维。游戏规则”One person, one chance”的设立,有效遏制了个别学生独霸课堂的现状。在游戏中体验语言,在游戏中运用语法,不仅加深了对所发现的语法知识的理解和掌握,而且体验到语言学习实际上是快乐的。II. Choose the best answer:1.Both my b
24、rother work at the power station that _ in my hometown. A. has set up B. has been set up C. was set up D. is set up2.-_ the sports meet will be put off. A. Ive been told B. Ive told C. Im told D. I told3. All the preparation for the task _, and were ready to start. A. pleted B. plete C. had been ple
25、ted D. have been done4. - How long _ at this job? - Since 1990. A. were you employed B. have you been employed C. had you been employed D. will you be employed5.When and where to go for the on-salary holiday _ yet. A. are not decided B. have not been decided C. is not being decided D. has not been d
26、ecidedIII. Correct mistakes in the blog:T: We have learned “wildlife protection” in Unit2. An article is posted in our blog, but there are some mistakes. Please correct them. 设计说明: “外语是学会的,不是教会的”。A foreign language is learned, not taught. 体验语法使学生有了大量接触语法知识的机会。在此基础上,开展以上多种形式的语法操练,特别是让学生在熟悉的博客上发现语法错误,
27、能更好地检测学生知识掌握的程度,体现了学中用,用中学的原则,符合学生的认知规律。Step4 Production (应用阶段) T: I think something must be done to save dolphins. Besides, some problems about puter have arisen. Do you know any problems?S1. Many of the students have been attracted by puter games, which have a great effect on their studies. S2: A
28、lot of diseases have been caused because of the puter. We spend too much time on puter.S3: Some deadly puter programmers, like “worm” have been invented to make the puters turn off, which has caused great headaches for the puter users.T: Great! Now, Id like to give you a task.Task: choose one topic
29、above to write an article on the problems caused by the puter in our blog. If youd like, leave some messages.Requirements:1. Use at least four sentences with “the present perfect passive voice”.2. Apply at least four new words and expressions we have learnt in this unit.Group work:Each group has aro
30、und four members. The group leader is supposed to collect each members ideas and prepare it well. Each member should have his own idea and is always ready to improve the passage.Evaluation:1. The group that organizes the article well and gives some information (what happened, reasons, etc) wins.2. T
31、he group that uses the learned words or phrases and the present perfect passive voice will get a high score.设计说明:学生能否在发现,体验中真正掌握语法知识,笔者让学生在博客上发表文章,切合学生的生活经验和兴趣,使学生有话可谈;设立评价又可以使学生明确目标,有效地帮助学生掌握语法规则,引导学生正确运用语法结构。小组活动提供学生实践的机会,给学生留出空间思考和帮助,激励每个学生的积极性,使学习有困难的学生有机会弥补自己语言掌握的不足,使学有余力的学生有机会发展自己的特长,培养学生在习得语言
32、的基础上真正使用语法的能力。古希腊的普罗塔戈说的好:“头脑不是要被填满的容器,而是一个需要点燃的火把。”九、板书设计The present perfect passive voiceStructure: have/has been done Content: the present perfect tense since, for, yet, already, so far, by now, in the past few years, how longpassive voice Example: We have bought a new personal puter. A new personal puter has been bought by us.设计说明:这堂课主要讲述现在完
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