Day 7 阅读理解7说明文.docx

1、Day 7 阅读理解7说明文Day 7阅读理解(7)(说明文)Passage 1文体：说明文 词数：403 限时：8分钟Two new studies suggest that modern running shoes could increase the risk of injuries to runners. One study involved sixty-eight healthy young women and men who ran at least twenty-four kilometers a week. The runners were observed on a trea

2、dmill machine(跑步机). Sometimes they wore running shoes. Other times they ran barefoot(赤脚). Researchers from the JKM Technologies Company in Virginia, the University of Virginia and the University of Colorado did the study. They found that running shoes create more stress that could damage knees, hips

3、 and ankle joints than running barefoot. They observed that the effect was even greater than the effect reported earlier for walking in high heels. The study appeared in the official scientific journal of The American Academy of Physical Medicine. The other study appeared in the journal Nature. It c

4、ompared runners in the United States and Kenya. The researchers were from Harvard University in Massachusetts, Moi University in Kenya and the University of Glasgow in Scotland. They divided the runners into three groups. One group had always run shoeless. Another group had always run with shoes. An

5、d the third group had changed to shoeless running. Runners who wear shoes usually come down their heel first. That puts great force on the back of the foot. But the study found that barefoot runners generally land on the front or middle of their foot. That way they ease into their landing and avoid

6、striking their heel. Harvards Daniel Lieberman led the study. He says the way most running shoes are designed may explain why those who wear them land on their heel. The heel of the shoe is bigger and heavier than other parts of the shoe, so it would seem more likely to come down first. Also, the he

7、el generally has thick material under it to soften landings. But the researchers do not suggest that runners immediately start running barefoot. They say it takes some training. And there can be risks, like running when your feet are too cold to feel if you get injured. The study was partly supporte

8、d by Vibram, which makes a kind of footwear that it says is like running barefoot. The findings have gotten a lot of attention. But the researchers say there are many problems in the way the press has reported in their paper. So they have tried to explain their findings on a Harvard Website. 1.Whats

9、 the main idea of the passage?A.Walking in high heels could cause less serious effects than running barefootB.Two new discoveries encourage people to run in high heels. C.Running in shoes is partly good to runners. D.Two new studies prove running without shoes is less risky to runners in most cases.

10、 2.Which part of our body could be injured if we run in running shoes?A.Toes. B.Hips. C.Feet. D.Legs. 3.What can we learn from the passage?A.The way that we run by landing on the front or middle of our foot could avoid damaging our heel. B.We should start running barefoot in no time. C.Running in mo

11、dern running shoes could cause more serious effects than running in high heels. D.We wont be injured if we run barefoot. 4.What is the writers attitude toward the use of the modern running shoes?A.Persuasive. B.Negative. C.Objective. D.Supportive. Passage 2文体：说明文 词数：335 限时：7分钟If you see a group of p

12、eople dancing and singing on the street or in the railway station, you dont need to feel surprised. They are a flash mob(快闪族), which is a group of people who come together suddenly in a public place, do something unusual for a brief period of time, and then quickly break up. They are usually organiz

13、ed with the help of the Internet or other digital communication network. At a predetermined time, they gather and perform some distractions(消遣) such as waving their hands and exchanging books. Then, they quickly break up before the police can arrive. Using mobile phones, the flash mob can change its

14、 location if the first one has been replaced for any reason. Bill Lasik, senior editor of Harpers Magazine, organized the first flash mob in Manhattan in May, 2003 and the first successful flash mob came together on June 3, 2003after the first attempt was foiled at Macys department store. Lasik clai

15、med that the activity was designed to make fun of hipsters(赶时髦的人), and call attention to the cultural atmosphere. Flash mob gatherings can sometimes shock people. Such an activity might seem amusing and untrue, but it also might frighten people who are not aware of what is taking place. Undoubtedly,

16、 flash mobs can serve as good political tools in any direction. They also have great economic potential, such as using flash mobs to advertise a product. The flash mob is now becoming more and more popular. People use it to do many things. For example, in 2009, Michael Jacksons fans took part in a f

17、lash mob to remember him. Hundreds of his fans gathered singing and dancing Michaels famous song “Beat It” together. Flash mobs give people from all walks of life an opportunity to come together to create a memory. 1.The underlined word “foiled” in Paragraph 2 can be replaced by_. A.forgotten B.prev

18、entedC.announced D.confirmed2.What can you learn about the flash mob from the passage?A.The flash mob usually breaks up quickly for lacking enough time. B.Once the place for the activity is determined, it cant be changed. C.The flash mob can be made use of in many fields just for fun. D.It gives peo

19、ple the chance to come together to do something unusual. 3.The main purpose of the passage is_. A.to entertain B.to encourageC.to inform D.to persuade4.The writers attitude toward the flash mob is_. A.negative B.objectiveC.favorable D.doubtfulPassage 3文体：说明文词数：366限时：7分钟Ever get that feeling youre be

20、ing watched?Well, if youre a dog-owner, you may have a point. Dogs are able to watch peoples interactions with one another to determine who holds yummier treats, according to a new study. This study joins others that show dogs are good observers of human behaviors and feelings. It offers evidence th

21、at dogs use information not only from peoples direct interactions with them, but also their interactions with one another. In the study, dogs watched a man asking two women for some of their corns. Both women gave the man corns when he asked, but in response to one woman, the man showed his enthusia

22、sm and said the corns were so delicious. In response to the other woman, he gave the corns back and called them gross(in Spanish；the study was conducted in Argentina). After these interactions, the man left and an assistant holding the dog let the dog go. While many dogs didnt approach either woman,

23、 the dogs that did have a preference tended to prefer the woman with the yummier food. Other studies of dogs people-watching ability have found dogs are able to tell the difference between happy and sad faces of their owners. They prefer people who give others food when asked to people who dont give

24、 others food. And in one study, dogs turned toward crying people more often than toward talking people. So how much do dogs really understand the humans around them?Thats not totally settled yet. In a strange twist, to the Argentine study above, when the researchers tried an experiment in which they

25、 put two plates of corns on a table and had a man react to each plate, dogs didnt preferentially approach the tastier plate afterward. You could say dogs watch for the interaction between two persons, not just how a person reacts. Yet a previous study found dogs will choose boxes that people reacted

26、 to happily, but not boxes people reacted to with a disgusted face. Well, either way, you can be sure Fluffs is keeping an eye on you, to the best of her ability. The study was published in the journal PLOS One. 1.What does the main study in this passage show?A.Dogs prefer yummier foods. B.Dogs can

27、read human actions and feelings. C.Dogs can interact with humans easily. D.Dogs like to copy humans behavior. 2.What does the underlined word “gross” probably mean?A.Healthy. B.Disgusting. C.Yummy. D.Hot. 3.Which is one of the procedures of the Argentine study?A.The man had different reactions to th

28、e food received. B.one of the women didnt give the food to the man. C.The assistant accompanied the dogs to get the food. D.Many dogs went to one of the women. 4.What can be concluded from Paragraph 4?A.Interactions between two persons confuse dogs. B.Dogs never understand the reaction of one person

29、. C.The findings of some studies are controversial. D.Dogs have good interactions with one another. 答 案 及 解 析Passage 1【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。一项新的研究表明，穿着跑鞋跑步其实对身体并不好，赤脚跑步反而可以在一定程度上避免奔跑带来的损伤。1.D 【解析】主旨大意题。第一段 Two new studies suggest that modern running shoes could increase the risk of injuries to runners.点出了文

30、章的主题：穿跑鞋跑步会增加受伤的风险。在下文的试验中多次提到赤脚跑步的损伤较小。由此可推断本文的主旨大意是赤脚跑步对运动员来说风险较小。故选D项。2.B 【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段第一句 They found that running shoes create more stress that could damage knees，hips and ankle joints than running barefoot.可知，应选B项。3.A 【解析】推理判断题。根据第八段第三至四句 But the study found that barefoot runners generally la

31、nd on the front or middle of their foot.That way they ease into their landing and avoid striking their heel.可知，赤脚跑步是前脚掌先落地，这样可以避免给脚后跟造成更多的压力。故A项正确。4.C 【解析】推理判断题。通篇文章作者都在引用研究结果和专家意见，故只是在客观陈述事实，而没有发表个人意见。故选C项。Passage 2【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。本文介绍了快闪族的特征和由来，并介绍了当前流行的快闪族活动。1.B 【解析】词义猜测题。根据第二段第一句可知，比尔拉西克于2003年5月在

32、曼哈顿组织了第一个快闪族活动，但是快闪族第一次成功地聚在一起是在2003年6月3日。由此可推断比尔拉西克第一次组织的快闪族活动没有成功，foiled 意为“被阻止”。故选B项。2.D 【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，快闪活动可以给人们提供聚在一起创造难忘的回忆的机会，即做些不同寻常的事情。故D项正确。3.C 【解析】推理判断题。作者写这篇文章的目的是向我们介绍快闪族。故选C项。4.C 【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，快闪活动使人们有机会聚在一起做些不同寻常的事情。由此推断作者对快闪族持赞成态度。故选C项。Passage 3【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。一项研究表明，狗能够通过观察对人的行为和情感作出判断。1.B 【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段第四句 This study joins others that show dogs are good observers of human behaviors and feelings.可知，这项研究表明狗能够通过观察判断人类的行为和情感。故选B项。2.B 【解析】词义猜测题。根据第二段