1990年考研英语阅读真题及详细解析.docx

1、1990年考研英语阅读真题及详细解析1990年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 阅读Section II Reading ComprehensionEach of the two passages below is followed by five questions. For each question there are four answers. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Put your choice in the brackets on the l

2、eft. (10 points)Text 1In May 1989, space shuttle “Atlantis” released in outer space the space probe “Megallan,” which is now on her 15-month and one-billion-kilometer flight to Venus. A new phase in space exploration has begun.The planet Venus is only slightly smaller than Earth; it is the only othe

3、r object in the solar system, in fact, that even comes close to earths size. Venus has a similar density, so it is probably made of approximately the same stuff, and it has an atmosphere, complete with clouds. It is also the closest planet to earth, and thus the most similar in distance from the sun

4、. In short, Venus seems to justify its long-held nickname of “earths twin.”The surface temperature of Venus reaches some 900F. Added to that is an atmospheric pressure about 90 times Earths: High overhead in the carbon dioxide (CO2) that passes for air is a layer of clouds, perhaps 10 to 20 miles th

5、ick, whose little drops consist mostly of sulfuric acid (H2SO4). Water is all but nonexistent.Born with so many fundamental similarities to earth, how did Venus get to be so radically different: It is not just an academic matter. For all its extremes, Venus is a valuable laboratory for researchers s

6、tudying the weather and climate of earth. It has no earths oceans, so the heat transport and other mechanisms are greatly simplified. In addition, the planet Venus takes 243 earth-days to turn once on its axis, so incoming heat from the sun is added and distributed at a more leisurely, observable pa

7、ce.一、词汇1shuttlen. 返汽车(列车，飞机)；航天飞机，航天器2releasev. 放出，释放 n. 探测n. 阶段 n. 密度 ad. 大概，大约 n. 材料，东西 for被当成 a. 硫的10. acidn. 酸性物质，酸 11.axisn. 轴(线)ad. 慢慢地，悠然地二、长难句1. In May 1989, space shuttle “Atlantis” released in outer space the space probe “Megallan,” which is now on her 15-month and one-billion-kilometer fl

8、ight to Venus.该句主干为space shuttle “Atlantis” released the space probe “Megallan”，which引导的定语从句做后置定语，修饰先行词the space probe “Megallan”。翻译：1989年5月，“亚特兰蒂斯”号航天飞机将“麦哲伦”号金星探测器释放到外太空，使其开始了前往金星、航行时间十五个月、距离十亿公里的外太空航行。2. Added to that is an atmospheric pressure about 90 times Earths: High overhead in the carbon d

9、ioxide (CO2) that passes for air is a layer of clouds, perhaps 10 to 20 miles thick, whose little drops consist mostly of sulfuric acid (H2SO4).冒号前的句子是倒装句，正常语序为an atmospheric pressure is added to that，冒号后的部分对也是倒装句，正常语序为a layer of clouds high overhead in the carbon dioxide。That和whose引导的定语从句分别修饰先行词the

10、 carbon dioxide (CO2)和a layer of clouds。翻译：此外，其气压约为地球的90倍：高空中被看作是空气的二氧化碳形成了一层厚约10到20 公里的浓云，而浓云的主要成分为硫酸。三、文章结构分析本文是一篇有关金星和地球之间物理特性异同的说明文。文章主要从体积、密度、构成物质、大气成分、与太阳间的距离、行星表面温度、气压、空气成分、储水量以及太阳热量吸收和散发方式等方面对二者进行了比较。第一段：由“麦哲伦”号的升空引入探索金星的话题。第二段：阐述了金星与地球在体积、密度、构成物质、大气成分、与太阳间的距离等方面的相似之处。第三段：从行星表面温度、气压、空气成分、储水量

11、等方面探讨了金星与地球之间的差异。第四段：指出研究金星的目的在于更好地了解地球，并说明能够实现该目的的原因。四、试题具体分析11. Venus is similar to Earth in _.11. 金星和地球在_上是相近的。A size and densityA 体积和密度B distance from the sunB 同太阳之间的距离C having atmosphereC 拥有大气层D all of the aboveD 以上所有方面 分析本题考查的知识点是：具体细节。文章第二段主要阐述了金星和地球的相似之处。句分别指出，太阳系中金星是在体积上唯一与地球接近的行星；金星的密度也与地球

12、相近，且金星上也有大气；在同太阳之间的距离上，地球和金星也是接近的。即，二者在体积和密度、同太阳之间的距离和是否拥有大气层方面都是相似的，故D选项正确。A、B、C选项都只片面地概括了二者相似点中的一个方面。12. The greatest value in studying Venus should be to _.12. 研究金星最大的价值应在于_.A allow us to visit thereA 使我们能够游览金星B understand Earth betterB 更好地了解地球C find a new source of energyC 找到新的能量来源D promote a ne

13、w space programD 推出一个新的太空计划 分析本题考查的知识点是：推理引申。文章第四段句指出：由于金星所有的极端特性，对于研究地球天气和气候的人们来说它是很重要的实验室。B选项是对该句的概括，故正确。A、C选项无中生有，文中并未谈及去金星旅游以及探查新的能量来源的话题。D选项是利用原文词汇a new phase, space exploration编造的干扰项，对金星的研究的目的却不是为了推出一个新的太空计划。13. The main idea of this passage is about _.13. 本文的主旨是关于_。A problems of space travelA

14、 太空旅行的问题B scientific methods in space explorationB 太空探索的科学方案C the importance of Venus to EarthC 金星对地球的重要性D conditions on VenusD 金星上的环境 分析本题考查的知识点是：文章主旨。文章第一段引出金星探测的话题。第二、三段指出了金星和地球在物理特性方面的异同。第四段指出了研究金星的目的。可见，文章谈及金星同地球之间的异同为了说明其对地球的重要性，故C选项正确。A、B选项分别是利用第一段词汇space和 space exploration设置的干扰项，文章并未涉及太空旅行的问

15、题和太空发开的科学方案。D选项太窄，只是对文章第二、三段的概括，不足以概括全文。五、全文翻译1989年5月，“亚特兰蒂斯”号航天飞机将“麦哲伦”号金星探测器释放到外太空，使其开始了前往金星、航行时间十五个月、距离十亿公里的外太空航行。太空探测领域的一个新阶段开始了。金星只比地球稍小点，事实上，它是太阳系里在体积上唯一与地球接近的行星。金星的密度同地球相似，因此，两者很可能几乎由同种物质构成，而且金星上也有大气层和云层。它也是离地球最近的行星，因而，两者同太阳的距离也是最接近的。简而言之，金星似乎证明了其长久以来的昵称“地球的孪生姊妹”是实至名归的。金星表面温度可达到华氏900 度。此外，其气压

16、约为地球的90倍：高空中被看作是空气的二氧化碳形成了一层厚约10到20 公里的浓云，而浓云的主要成分为硫酸。在金星上液态的水几乎是不存在的。金星天生就与地球有如此之多的基本相似之处，那金星会怎么与地球貌合神离呢：这不仅仅是一种理论上的问题。由于其所有的极端特性，对于研究地球天气和气候的人们来说金星是很重要的实验室。在金星上找不到地球上的海洋，所以热交换和其他作用过程被大量简化了。另外，金星的自转周期为243个地球日，所以它可以源源不断地吸收来自太阳的热量并以一种更加缓慢且可观察到的的方式散发出去。Text 2Tourists were surprised to see a woman driv

17、ing a huge orange tractor down one of Romes main avenues. Italys political leaders and some of its male union chiefs are said to have been even more puzzled to see that the tractor was followed by about 200,000 women in a parading procession that took more than three hours to snake through central R

18、ome.Shouting slogans, waving flags and dancing to drumbeats, the women had come to the capital from all over Italy to demonstrate for “a job for each of us, a different type of job, and a society without violence.” So far, action to improve womens opportunities in employment has been the province of

19、 collective industrial bargaining. “But there is a growing awareness that this is not enough,” says a researcher on female labor at the government-funded Institute for the Development of Professional Training for Workers.Women, who constitute 52 per cent of Italys population, today represent only 35

20、 per cent of Italys total workforce and 33 per cent of the total number of Italians with jobs. However, their presence in the workplace is growing. The employment of women is expanding considerably in services, next to the public administration and commerce as their principal workplace. Official sta

21、tistics also show that women have also made significant strides in self-employment. More and more women are going into business for themselves. Many young women are turning to business because of the growing overall in employment. It is also a fact that today many prejudices have disappeared, so tha

22、t banks and other financial institutes make judgments on purely business considerations without caring if it is a man or a woman.Such changes are occurring in the professions too. The number of women doctors, dentists, lawyers, engineers and university professors increased two to three fold. Some of

23、 the changes are immediately visible. For example, women have appeared on the scene for the first time as state police, railway workers and street cleaners.However, the present situation is far from satisfactory though some progress has been made. A breakthrough in equal opportunities for women is n

24、ow demanded.一、词汇1avenue n. 林荫道，大街 2chief n. 首领3parading a. 游行的 4procession n. 队伍，行列5slogan n. 标语,口号 6demonstrate v. 示威7province n.（单数，正式）知识（或兴趣、职责）范围，领域8bargaining n. 议价,交易 9go into business从商、经商10bre1akthrough n. 突破二、长难句1. Italys political leaders and some of its male union chiefs are said to have

25、been even more puzzled to see that the tractor was followed by about 200,000 women in a parading procession that took more than three hours to snake through central Rome.该句主干为“be said+不定式完成式”的结构：Italys political leaders and some of its male union chiefs are said to have been puzzled to see，不定式的核心结构b

26、e puzzled to see sth，第一个that引导的宾语从句做see的宾语，该从句中又嵌套了一个that引导的定语从句做后置定语，修饰名词procession。翻译：据说，当看到这个由200,000名妇女组成的游行队伍跟在这拖拉机后面竟用了三个多小时才蛇行穿过罗马市中心时，意大利的政治领袖们和该国一些男性联盟主席感到更困惑。2. The employment of women is expanding considerably in services, next to the public administration and commerce as their principal

27、workplace.该句的主干The employment of women is expanding，介词短语in services做状语，表示“在服务行业”。形容词短语next to 做后置定语，修饰名词services，相当于一个定语从句which is next to as their principal workplace，意为“作为她们（女性）的主要工作领域仅次于”。翻译：服务行业的女性员工的人数正大幅攀升，仅低于公共管理和商业领域内女性员工的数目。3. It is also a fact that today many prejudices have disappeared, s

28、o that banks and other financial institutes make judgments on purely business considerations without caring if it is a man or a woman.该句的主干为It is also a fact that ，其中it为形式主语，that引导的主语从句为真正的主语。该主语从句是个主从复合句，其中so that引导结果状语从句。该状语从句的主干结构为banks and other financial institutes make judgments，介词短语without ca

29、ring 做状语。If引导的从句做caring的逻辑宾语。翻译：事实上，现今许多针对女性的歧视也消失了，银行和其他的金融机构的判断完全是基于商业目的而不关心其员工的性别。三、文章结构分析本文主要介绍了意大利女性就业状况的变化。文章主要采用了列数字，举例子等论证方法。第一、二段：通过对示威游行画面的描述引出文章论述的话题：意大利的女性正在争取更多的工作机会以及工作性质的改变。第三、四段：通过数据指出虽然女性在工作机会上虽仍处于劣势，但状况却在不断的改善，第五段：总结全文，强调女性的就业状况仍不尽人意，需要改革突破。四、试题具体分析14. The expression “snake through

30、 central Rome” probably means “to move _.14. “snake through central Rome”表达的含义可能是_。A quietly through central Rome.”A 安静地穿过罗马市中心B violently through central Rome.”B 狂怒地穿过罗马市中心C in a long winding line through central Rome.”C 以漫长而曲折的路线穿过罗马市中心D at a leisurely pace through central Rome.”D 闲庭信步般穿过罗马市中心 分析本

31、题考查的知识点是：根据上下文推测词义。动词snake的意思是由其名词释义 “蛇”的生理特性演变而来，意为to move like a snake, in a long twisting curves，即“曲折前行，蛇行”。C选项中的in a long winding line 对应 in a long twisting curves，故正确。A、D选项分别错在quietly和at a leisurely pace。由第二段第一句可知，这20万人的游行队伍是喊着口号、挥动着旗子还踏着鼓点穿过罗马市中心的，因此不可能是“安静的”或“闲庭信步的”。文中并未指出游行队伍同任何机构或团体产生冲突，因此谈不上是violently，故排除B选项。15. Which of the following statements is NOT true15. 下列哪一项说法是不正确的A There are more women than men in Italy.A 在意大利女性人数要多于男性。B In Italy, women