动词的各种形式变化.docx

1、动词的各种形式变化一、动词单三形式的构成规则：一般动词在词尾加-s以字母s,x,ch,sh,o结尾的动词加-es以元音字母+y结尾的动词，直接加s以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，先变y为i，再加-es.二、规则动词的过去式变化如下：1）、一般情况下，动词词尾加-ed，如：work-workedplay-playedwanted-wantedact-acted2）、动词原形以(不发音的)-e结尾动词，动词词尾加-d，如：live-livedmove-movedtaste-tastedhope-hoped3）、动词原形以“辅元辅”结尾，先双写词尾辅音字母，再加-ed（字母组合除外），如：stop-sto

2、pped（批注:动词原形词尾以“元音+-l,-r”，并为重读音节时，双写r，l，再加-ed,如：compel,travel,prefer,refer）4）、动词原形以辅音字母+y结尾的动词，把-y变为-i再加-ed，如：study-studiedcopy-copiedcry-criedcarry-carried动词原形以元音字母加y结尾的词，直接加-ed，如：play-playedenjoy-enjoyedstay-stayed过去分词构成口诀:过去分词很好记，动词后缀加ed。直接加、去e加、双写加。还有一点要注意，Y前元辅不统一。三、不规则动词的过去式的构成(不规则动词的过去式变化规律性不强

3、，须多加记忆。)1.英语中有些动词的过去式和过去分词形式变化不规则，可分为五种情况。1）动词原形、过去式和过去分词完全同形。2）动词原形与过去分词同形如：come（来）run（跑）become（成为）3）动词原形与过去分词同形give（给）fly（飞）drink（喝）see（看见）go（去）know（知道）4)动词原形、过去式、过去分词形式完全不同5)过去式和过去分词有两种形式2.不规则动词的过去式具体变化规则：1).把动词原形中的i改为a，变成过去式。如：beginbegan，drinkdrank，givegave，ringrang，singsang，sitsat，swimswam2）.把重

4、读开音节中的i改为o，变成过去式。如：drivedrove，riderode，writewrote3).改动词原形中的awow为ew，变成过去式。如：drawdrew，growgrew，knowknew，throwthrew（动词show除外，showshowed）4).动词原形中的e改为o，变成过去式。如：getgot，forgetforgot5).动词原形中的ee改为e，变成过去式。如：feedfed，meetmet6).动词原形中的eep改为ept，变成过去式。如：keepkept，sleepslept，sweepswept7).动词原形中的eak改为oke，变成过去式。如：breakb

5、roke，speakspoke8)动词原形中的ell改为old，变成过去式。如：sellsold，telltold9).动词原形中的an改为oo，变成过去式。如：standstood，understandunderstood10).以ought和aught结尾，且读音是:t的过去式。如：bringbrought，buybought，thinkthought，catchcaught，teachtaught11).以ould结尾且读音为ud的情态动词过去式。如：cancould，shallshould，willwould12).把动词原形中的o改为a，变成过去式。如：comecame，become

6、became13).在动词原形后加d或t变成过去式，并且发生音变。如：hearhiheardh:d，sayseisaidsed，meanmi:nmeantment14).动词的过去式与动词原形一样。如：letlet，mustmust，putput，readreadred15).不符合上述规律的动词过去式。如：am，iswas，arewere，buildbuilt，dodid，eatate，fallfell，feelfelt，findfound，flyflew，gowent，havehashad，holdheld，leaveleft，makemade，maymight，runran，seesaw

7、，taketook3.过去式“-ed”的发音规则（1）动词词尾为“t，d”时，发/id/音，wantwanted（要）needneeded（需要）（2）动词词尾为清辅音时，发/t/音。helphelped（帮助）laughlaughed（笑）looklooked（看）kisskissed（吻）washwashed（洗）watchwatched（注视）（3）动词词尾为t，d以外之浊辅音或元音时，发/d/音。callcalled（叫）staystayed（停留）crycried（哭）4.提示a.beat的过去式与原形同形：比：beat（打击）beat（过去式）beaten（过去分词）b.lie有规

8、则变化和不规则变化两种，含义不同比：lielied,lied（说谎）lay,lain（躺，位于）c.hang有规则变化和不规则变化两种，含义不同比：hanghanged,hanged（处绞刑）hung,hung(挂，吊)d.welcome（欢迎）一词是规则动词，不可误用为不规则动词比：welcomewelcomed,welcomed（正）welcome,welcome（误）e.不要将不规则动词误用为规则动词比：hit（打）hit,hit（正）hitted,hitted（误）5.英语不规则动词记忆表1）.AAA动词原形过去式过去分词意思costk?stcostk?stcostk?st花费cutk

9、?tcutk?tcutk?t割，切hurth?:thurth?:thurth?:t受伤hithithithithithit打，撞letletletletletlet让putputputputputput放下readri:dreadri:dreadri:d读setsetsetsetsetset安排，安置spreadspredspreadspredspreadspred展开，传播，涂spitspitspit/spatspitspit/spatspit吐痰,shut?tshut?tshut?t关上,闭起,停止营业2）.AAB动词原形过去式过去分词beatbi:tbeatbi:tbeatenbi:tn

10、打败3）.ABA动词原形过去式过去分词becomebik?mbecamebikeimbecomebik?m变comek?mcamekeimcomek?m来runr?nranr?nrunr?n跑4）.ABB（1）在动词原形后加一个辅音字母d,t或ed构成过去式或过去分词。动词原形过去式过去分词burnb?:nburntb?:ntburntb?:nt燃烧dealdi:ldealtdeltdealtdelt解决dreamdri:mdreamed/dreamtdreamed/dreamtdremt做梦hearhi?heardh?:dheardh?:d听见hangh?hanged/hungh?hange

11、d/hung绞死，悬挂learnl?:nlearned/learntl?:ntlearned/learntl?:nt学习lightlaitlit/lightedlitlit/lightedlit点燃,照亮meanmi:nmeantmentmeantment意思provepru:vprovedproven/provedpru:v?n证明,证实,试验shine?ainshone/shinedshone/shined?un,?n使照耀，使发光show?ushowedshowed/shown?un展示,给.看smellsmelsmelled/smeltsmeltsmelled/smeltsmelt闻,

12、嗅speedspi:dspedsped/speededsped/speededsped加速spellspelspelled/speltspeltspelled/speltspelt拼写wakeweikwaked/wokew?ukwaked/wokenw?uk?n醒来，叫醒,激发(2)把动词原形的最后一个辅音字母“d”改为“t”构成过去式或过去分词。动词原形过去式过去分词buildbildbuiltbiltbuiltbilt建筑lendlendlentlentlentlent借给rebuild,ri:bildrebuilt,ri:biltrebuilt,ri:bilt改建,重建sendsends

13、entsentsentsent送spendspendspentspentspentspent花费（3）原形oughtoughtbringbri?broughtbr?:tbroughtbr?:t带来buybaiboughtb?:tboughtb?:t买fightfaitfoughtf?:tfoughtf?:t打架thinki?kthought?:tthought?:t思考,想(4)原形aughtaughtcatchk?t?caughtk?:tcaughtk?:t捉,抓teachti:t?taughtt?:ttaughtt?:t教（5）变其中一个元音字母digdidugd?dugd?掘(土),挖(

14、洞、沟等)feedfi:dfedfedfedfed喂findfaindfoundfound发现，找到getetgot?tgot/gotten?t?n得到holdh?uldheldheldheldheld拥有，握住，支持leadli:dledledledled引导,带领,领导meetmi:tmetmetmetmet遇见sitsitsats?tsats?t坐shoot?u:tshot?tshot?t射击spitspitspit/spatsp?tspit/spatsp?t吐痰,stickstikstuckst?kstuckst?k插进,刺入,粘住,winwinwonw?nwonw?n赢（6）原形lt

15、/pt/ftlt/pt/ftfeelfi:lfeltfeltfeltfelt感到keepki:pkeptkeptkeptkept保持leaveli:vleftleftleftleft离开sleepsli:psleptsleptsleptslept睡觉sweepswi:psweptsweptsweptswept扫(7)其它layleilaidleidlaidleid下蛋,放置paypeipaidpeidpaidpeid付sayseisaidsedsaidsed说standst?ndstoodstudstoodstud站understandunderstood,?nd?st?ndunderstoo

16、d,?nd?st?nd明白loselu:zlostl?st,l?:stlostl?st,l?:st失去haveh?vhadh?d,h?d,?dhadh?d,h?d,?d有makemeikmademeidmademeid制造sellselsolds?uldsolds?uld卖tellteltoldt?uldtoldt?uld告诉retell,ri:telretold,ri:t?uldretold,ri:t?uld重讲，重复，复述5）.ABC（1）原形过去式原形+(e)nblowbl?ublewblu:blown吹drivedraivdrovedr?uvdrivendriv?n驾驶drawdr?:

17、drewdru:drawndr?:n画画eati:tateet,eiteateni:t?n吃fallf?:lfellfelfallenf?:l?n落下giveivgaveeivgiveniv?n给growr?ugrewru:grownr?un生长forgivef?ivforgavef?tforgiven原谅,饶恕known?uknewnju:,nu:known知道mistakemisteikmistookmistukmistaken弄错;误解,overeat?uv?i:toverate,?uv?reitovereaten(使)吃过量provepru:vprovedproven/proved证明

18、,证实,试验taketeiktooktuktakenteikn,teik?n拿throwr?uthrewru:thrownr?un,r?un抛，扔rideraidroder?udriddenrid?n骑seesi:saws?:seensi:n看见show?ushowedshowed/shown?un展示writeraitwroter?utwrittenrit?n写（2）原形过去式过去式+(e)nbreakbreikbrokebr?ukbrokenbr?uk?n打破chooset?u:zchoset?uzchosent?uz?n选择getetgot?tgot/gotten?t?n得到hideha

19、idhidhidhiddenhid?n隐藏forgetf?etforgotf?tforgottenf?tn忘记freezefri:zfrozefr?uzfrozenfr?uzn冷冻,结冰，感到严寒speakspi:kspokesp?ukspokensp?uk?n说stealsti:lstolestolenst?ul?n偷(3)变单词在重读音节中的元音字母“i”分别为“a”（过去式）和“u”（过去分词）。iaubeginbiinbeganbi?nbegunbi?n开始drinkdri?kdrankdr?kdrunkdr?k喝singsi?sangs?sungs?唱sinksi?ksanks?ks

20、unks?k下沉,沉没swimswimswamsw?mswumsw?m游泳ringri?rangr?rungr?打电话（4）其它be(am,is,are)was/werebeen是bearb?boreb?:born/borneb?:n负担,忍受dodu:,du:diddiddoned?n做flyflaiflewflu:flownfl?un飞go?uwentwentgone?n去lielailayleilainlein躺wearw?worew?:wornw?:n穿四、动词ing变化规则：1）、一般情况，直接+ing，例：work，working2）、以不发音的e结尾，去e+ing，例：hope，

21、hoping；write，writing3）、动词原形以“辅元辅”结尾，先双写词尾辅音字母，再加ing（字母组合除外），如：stop-stopping(批注：动词原形词尾以“元音+-l,-r”，并为重读音节时，双写r，l，再加-ing，如：compel,travel,prefer,refer)4）、以ie结尾，去ie变y+ing，例：die，dying；lie，lying；tie，tying（注意：see-seeing；draw-drawing；listen-listening;develop-developing）现在分词构成口诀:现在分词很好记，动词后缀-ing。直接加、去e加、双写加。还

22、有一点要注意，ie要用y来替。五、常见的双写词尾辅音字母的单词:begin，beginningswim，swimmingrun，runningcut-cutting切put-putting放get-getting得到，获得forget-forgetting忘记hit-hitting打，击，撞win-winning赢spit-spitting吐痰hiccup-hiccupping打嗝sit-sitting坐run-running跑split-splitting分裂shut-shutting关闭shop-shopping购物stop-stopping停止drop-dropping落下dig-dig

23、ging挖plan-planning计划let-letting让step-stepping踩，踏trip-tripping绊倒rob-robbing抢劫set-setting设置dip-dipping浸nod-nodding点头fit-fitting合适fret-fretting使烦恼kidnap-kidnapping绑架nap-napping小睡，打盹regret-regretting后悔pop-popping爆开prop-propping支撑rot-rotting腐spot-spotting玷污slip-slipping滑倒wrap-wrapping包装babysit-babysitting临时照看婴儿mop-mopping用拖把拖洗,擦,抹