虚拟语气讲解及练习题含答案和解释.docx

1、虚拟语气讲解及练习题含答案和解释高中英语虚拟语气讲解及练习虚拟条件句就是对现实条件的一种虚拟假设，所假设的条件一般不符合事实或与事实相反或在现实中发生的可能性极小。根据时间的不同，虚拟条件句可分为三种，即与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句、与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句及与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句。具体情况请看下表：条件状语从句主 句与过去事实相反had + 过去分词should /would/could/might + have + 过去分词与现在事实相反一般过去时(be用were)would/should/could/might + 动词原形与将来事实相反一般过去时或should(were to) +

2、 动词原形would/should/could/might + 动词原形例句：（1）表示与现在事实相反If I had enough money now, I would lend it to you.（2）表示与过去事实相反If he had taken your advice, he wouldnt have made such a bad mistake.（3）表示与将来事实相反I would go shopping with you if it were to be Sunday tomorrow.1. 虚拟条件句的倒装在虚拟条件句中，为了强调所假设条件的虚拟性，或突出说话人的一种主观

3、愿望，虚拟条件句可用倒装结构。虚拟条件句的倒装是通过去掉if，把条件从句谓语中的助动词、情态动词或系动词放在句首实现的。例如：Had I been（= If I had been ） in that situation， I would not have let the thief escape away with so much money.Should there be （= If there should be） a drought， what should we do at that time ？2. 错综时间条件句有时条件从句的动作和主句的动作发生的时间并不一致，这时谓语动词的形式应

4、根据它所要表示的具体时间来确定。例如：If we hadnt been working hard in the past few years ，things wouldnt be going so smoothly.3. 含蓄条件句有时假设的情况并不以条件从句的形式表现出来，而是通过某个介词或介词短语（如：with，otherwise，without，but for，in that position）、上下文或其它方式表现出来。这种句子称为含蓄条件句。例如：But for the help from you ， I would not have had the chance to go to

5、college.二、虚拟语气在某些从句中的运用在某些词或短语后接的从句中要使用虚拟语气，表示愿望、建议或命令等。根据虚拟语气的形式不同，虚拟语气可以分为“should类”和“过去时态类”。（一）should类这一类的虚拟语气是通过从句中的谓语动词使用“should +动词原形”体现出来的，should可以省略。其具体运用体现在：1. 在suggest ， order， demand ， propose， command， request， desire，insist等表示建议、命令、要求、意见的动词后接的宾语从句中要使用虚拟语气。如：He suggests that she should le

6、ave the house at once.The leader ordered that the task（should） be finished as soon as possible.He proposed that we （should）deal with the problem by the view of development.2. 与suggest，order，demand，propose，command，request，desire，insist等动词相对应的名词suggestion，order，demand，proposal等后的表语从句或同位语从句中要使用虚拟语气。如：T

7、he general sent the order that the battle（should）be held on until the complete failure of the enemy.My proposal is that we（should） set a deadline for handing in the plan.3. 在It is/was suggested （ordered，demanded，proposed，etc.）结构以及necessary，essential，important，strange，natural等形容词后的主语从句中要使用虚拟语气。如：Its

8、requested that we （should）keep the stability of the society for the peoples peaceful life.It is necessary that the badly wounded man（should） be treated immediately.（二）过去时态类英语中，还有一些词或短语后接的从句或句子，也要使用虚拟语气，虚拟语气是通过句中的谓语使用过去的某种时态（如：一般过去时、过去完成时等）来体现的。1. wish，would rather 后的宾语从句。如：He wished he had never bee

9、n involved in such affairs.I would rather you could teach me again.2. as if，as though引导的从句。如：The little boy knows so many things as if he was a man.He acted as usual as though nothing had happened.3. 由if only （要是，那该多好啊！）引导的惊叹句。如：If only I had passed the test！If only it stopped raining！4. It is（about

10、/high） time 后的定语从句。如：It is time we went out for a walk.It was high time they had begun to prepare the experiment.三、虚拟语气的其它用法在英语中，一些表示建议、请求、劝告、愿望、祈祷、祝福或诅咒的句子，也需要使用虚拟语气。如：Would you mind smoking here？May you be lucky！Long live the people of China！God save me.虚拟语气练习题1But for the fact that he the truth ,

11、 he for a weeks imprisonment.Adidnt know; would be. Bhadnt known; might have punished.Cdidnt know; would have been punished. Dhadnt know； could be punished【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：要不是因为他不知道真相，他会受到一周监禁的惩罚。他不知道真相是过去的事实，应用陈述语气didnt know；that he didnt know the truth为fact的同位语。根据but for可知，整句是对过去的虚拟，第二空应用wou

12、ld/could/might/should+ have done的形式。根据句意，他应该受到惩罚，应用被动语态，故选C。2Should it rain, the crops _ .Awould be saved Bwould have been savedCwill be saved Dhad been saved【答案】A【解析】【详解】试题分析：考查虚拟语气。在if的条件状语从句的虚拟语气中，如果有将来事实相反，从句中使用“过去时/were to do/should+动词原形”，主句使用“情态动词+动词原形”。本句中省略了if，所以把should提前，构成部分倒装句。后面的主句使用“wou

13、ld be save”。故A正确。考点：考查虚拟语气3 for the free tickets, I would not have gone to the films so often.AIf it is not BWere it notCHad it not been DIf it were to be【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果没有那些免费的票，我不会去影院这么频繁。If虚拟条件句的否定（含蓄条件句）常考两个句型：If it werent for和If it hadnt been for，其意为“若不是(有)”“要不是”。从句中如果有助动词had, should或w

14、ere时，可以省略if，而从句使用倒装语序。故选C。4_the problem, he wouldnt have committed those mistakes.AIf he understood BHad he understood CWhen he had understood DIf he would understood【答案】B【解析】【详解】表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。had he understood the problem是省略的倒装形式，正常结构是If he had understood the problem。句意：如果他理解了这个问题，他就不会犯那些错误。5If I

15、hadnt stood under the ladder to catch you when you fell, you _ now.Awouldnt be smiling Bcouldnt have smiled Cwont smile Ddidnt smile【答案】A【解析】【详解】试题分析：考察错综条件句。本题的条件句中是与过去的事实相反，故使用过去完成时，主句是与现在的事实相反，故使用“情态动词+动词原形”；句意：如果在你摔倒的时候，我不在梯子后面扶着你，你现在就不会这样笑了。故A正确。考点：考察虚拟语气点评：条件句的虚拟语气是考查的重点。如果过去事实相反，条件句中使用过去完成时，主

16、句使用“情态动词+have done”;如果主句与现在事实相反，条件句中使用过去时，be动词使用were,主句中使用“情态动词+动词原形”；如果与将来事实相反，条件句中有三种：过去时；were to do ;should+动词原形，主句使用“情态动词+动词原形”；要特别注意如果省略了if，句子要使用部分倒装的形式，把助动词，be动词，情态动词提之主语前。另外还要注意条件句和主句不同的时间所形成的挫折条件句。6 If John Lennon and Paul McCartney _ , the pop music of today _ very different.Adidnt meet ; w

17、ould beBhadnt met; would beCdidnt meet ; would have beenDhadnt met ; would have been【答案】B【解析】【详解】试题分析：考查虚拟语气。虚拟语气用于状语从句中，与过去事实相反的假设：If + 主语 + had + 过去分词，主句主语 + should/would/could/might have+过去分词，但是虚拟条件句和主句动作若发生的时间的不一致，主句和从句的谓语要根据各自所指的不同时间选用适当的虚拟语气形式。题文中的主句有表现在时间的today，所以应该是主句主语+should/ would/could/m

18、ight+动词原形。句意：如果约翰列侬和保罗麦卡特尼没有相遇，那今天的流行音乐将大有不同。故选B。考点：考查虚拟语气7She wishes she _ to the cinema last night.Awent Bwould goChad gone Dwere going【答案】C【解析】【详解】句意：她希望她那晚去了电影院。根据句意，可知道这里是一个虚拟句，对过去事实的一个虚拟，要用过去完成时。考点：虚拟语气8If you hard at school, you a college student now and would get a good job in the future.Aha

19、d studied; would have been Bwould have studied; could beChad studied; would be Dstudied; could be【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果你上学时努力学习，现在就是大学生了，将来会找到一个好工作。从句是对过去的假设用过去完成时，而主句是对现在和将来的假设用would+原形，故选C。【名师点睛】虚拟条件句中，主、从句的动作若不是同时发生时，要区别对待。从句的动作与过去事实相反，用过去时态的虚拟结构过去完成时；而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符，用现在时的虚拟形式would do。如：

20、If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too. 如果我在学校学习刻苦的话，我现在也会是工程师了。If they had informed us, we would not come here now. 如果他们通知过我们的话，我们现在就不会来这里了。从句的动作与现在事实相反，用现在时的虚拟形式过去时；而主句的动作与过去事实不符，用过去时态的虚拟结构would have done。如：If he were free today, we would have sent him to Beijing. 如果他今天有空的话，我们

21、会已经派他去北京了。从句的动作与过去发生的情况相反，用过去时态的虚拟结构过去完成时；而主句的动作与现在正在发生的情况相反，用现在时的虚拟形式would do。如：If it had not been raining too much, the crops would be growing much better. 如果天不下太多的雨的话，庄稼会长得更好。本题是第一种用法，从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符，所以从句用过去完成时形式，主句用现在时和将来时形式。9Its required that the football match _ put off _ th

22、e bad weather.Abe; because of Bwould be; due toCwas; thanks to Dwas; owing to【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查主语从句中的虚拟语气和介词词组。句意：据要求足球比赛因为坏天气应该被推迟。Its required that 主语+（should ）+动词原形+-。the football match和put off之间是被动关系，第一空应该是(should ) be ，其中should 可以省略，根据句意可知答案为A。10After inspecting the building, specialists discovere

23、d some faults that otherwise _.Ahad been overlooked Bwere overlookedCwould have been overlooked Dwould be overlooked【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：在检查了这幢大楼之后，专家们发现了一些本来会忽略的错误。根据语境，该句可以转化成虚拟条件句：If they hadnt inspected the building，some faults would have been overlooked。该句是对过去的虚拟，主句部分应用would have done 形式，故C选项

24、正确。11If you my advice, you how to solve the problem now.Ahad taken; would have known Bhad taken; would knowCtook; would have known Dtook; would know【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果你当时听了我的劝告，你现在就知道如何解决这个问题了。此处是虚拟语气，if从句表示与过去的事实相反，用过去完成时。主句表示与现在的事实相反，用would/should/could/might+动词原形。故选B.【点睛】虚拟条件句中，主、从句的动作若不是同时

25、发生时，要区别对待。从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。如：If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too. 如果我在学校学习刻苦的话，我现在也会是工程师了。此处从句指过去的事实，如果当初努力学习，主句和现在事实相反，指现在就是工程师了。从句的动作与现在事实相反，而主句的动作与过去事实不符。如：If he knew her, he would have greeted her. 要是他认识她的话，他肯定会去问候她了。从句现在事实是他不认识她，主句与过去事实相反，指他没去问候。从句的动作与过

26、去发生的情况相反，而主句的动作与现在正在发生的情况相反。如：If it had not been raining too much, the crops would be growing much better. 如果天不下太多的雨的话，庄稼会长得更好。从句与过去相反指今年下雨很多，主句与现在情况相反指庄稼没有长好。12If you had spoken to him last time you saw him, you what to do now.Aknew Bhad knownCwould know Dwould have known【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查错综时间条件句的虚拟语气

27、。句意：如果你上次见他的时候和他交谈的话，你现在就知道该做什么了。从句描述的情况与过去事实相反，而主句描述的情况与现在事实相反，因此要用would/ could/ might/ should do，故C正确。13_ for the free vegetables，women workers would not have gone to the supermarket so often.AIf it is not BWere it notCHad it not been DIf they were not【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果不是免费的蔬菜，女工就不会经常去超市。根据

28、题干中的would not have gone to可知，本句话是对过去事情的虚拟，所以，从句中谓语应用had done的形式；同时，在if条件句中表示虚拟语气时，经常将if省略，而把从句中的had，were或should提前。故选C。14They desired that they _ the right to attend the meeting.Ahad Bhave Care Dwere【答案】B【解析】【详解】试题分析：句意：他们要求他们有权力去参加会议。这里have the right to do有权力做某事。因为主句的谓语动词是desire它的宾语从句应该用虚拟语气，从句的谓语应该

29、用should+动词原形。should可以省略。故选B。考点：考查虚拟语气的语法。点评：本题难度适中。虚拟语气是近几年高考的热点，虚拟语气的情况复杂，形式多样，需要考生牢记它们的不同的用法，再根据不同的语境分析句子应该用哪种情况的虚拟。用should表示的情况特别多，需要考生牢记它们的语法。即学即练：The picture exhibition bored me to death. I wish I _ to it.A. have not goneB. did not goC. can not have goneD. had not gone解析：D。句意：由上半句背景句可以看出这是与过去事实

30、相反，因此wish后的从句用过去完成时。15Foreign Ministry spokesman said China had made representations to Canada, requiring it _ the reason for the arrest of Meng Wanzhou, CFO of Huawei.Aclarify Bwould clarify Cclarifies Dwill clarify【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：中国外交部发言人表示，中国已向加拿大提出交涉，要求加拿大澄清华为首席财务官孟晚舟被捕的原因。require后的宾语从句要用should+动词原形的虚拟语气，其中，should可以省略，故A项正确。【点睛】在表示坚持、建议、要求、命令等词后的宾语从句中，要用should do的虚拟语气，其中，should 可以省略，常见的这类词有insist，suggest，order，require、demand等。16Leading politicians in the U.S. have sent letters to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences urging that