高考英语一轮复习精品讲义Unit 1 Great scientists新人教必修5.docx

1、高考英语一轮复习精品讲义Unit 1 Great scientists新人教必修5.重点单词识记1defeat /dIfit/ vt.打败；战胜；使受挫；n.失败2attend /tend/ vt.照顾；护理；出席；参加3expose /Ikspz/ vt.暴露；揭露；使曝光4cure /kj/ n治愈；痊愈；vt.治愈；治疗5challenge /tlInd/ n挑战；vt.向挑战6absorb /bzb/ vt.吸收；吸引；使专心7suspect /sspekt/ vt.认为；怀疑；/sspekt/ n嫌疑犯8blame /bleIm/ vt.责备；谴责；n.过失；责备9pollute /

2、plut/ vt.污染；弄脏10handle /hndl/ n柄；把手；vt.处理；操纵11link /lIk/ vt.& n连接；联系12positive /pztIv/ adj.积极的；肯定的；确实的13reject /rIdekt/ vt.拒绝；不接受；抛弃14scientific /saIntIfIk/ adj.科学的science n科学15conclude /knklud/ vt.& vi.结束；推断出conclusion n结论；结束16analyse /nlaIz/ vt.分析analysis n分析17announce /nans/ vt.宣布；通告announcement

3、n通告18instruct /Instrkt/ vt.命令；指示；教导instruction n说明；指示19contribute /kntrIbjut/ vt.& vi.捐献；贡献；捐助contribution n贡献20enthusiastic /InjuzIstIk/ adj.热情的；热心的enthusiasm n热情.重点短语识记1put forward提出2draw a conclusion得出结论3expose.to使显露；暴露4be to blame for该为受责备；应为承担责任5link.to.将和连接或联系起来6apart from除之外；此外7(be) strict wi

4、th.对严格的8make sense讲得通；有意义.经典原句默写与背诵1Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.人们不知它的病源，也不了解它的治疗方法。2So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.每次暴发(霍乱)时，都有大批惊恐的百姓病死。 3To prevent this from happening again，John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplie

5、s be examined.为防止这种情况再度发生，约翰斯诺建议所有水源都要经过检测。4Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能说得清楚。 5He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it and only the moon still going round the ear

6、th.他把固定着的太阳放在太阳系的中心位置上，行星都围绕着太阳转，只有月球仍然绕着地球转。1Astronomy is the scientific(science) study of the sun，moon，stars and other heaven bodies.2Your information is inaccurate and your conclusion(conclude) is therefore wrong.3We agreed with his acute analysis(analyse) of the political situation.4Nothing is m

7、ore valuable(value) than time，but nothing is less valued.5Our cooks sudden announcement(announce) that she was leaving took us quite by surprise.6He became a construction(construct) worker after he left school.7The Chinese people have made a great contribution(contribute) to the whole world.8I put f

8、orward a plan but he did not appear enthusiastic(enthusiasm) about it.9The leadership of the movement(move) are in agreement on this issue.10That painful experience makes them cautious(caution) in the future.1conclude sth.with.就某事与某人达成协议；以结束conclude sth.from.从推断出to conclude最后arrive at/reach/come to/

9、draw a conclusion得出结论make a conclusion下结论in conclusion总之；最后So what can we conclude from this debate?那么从这场辩论中我们能得出什么结论？In conclusion，people around the world should be aware of the real situation of water shortage.总之，全世界的人都应该意识到水短缺的真正形势。 (2010福建书面表达)夯实基础(1)语法填空He concluded his speech with a famous say

10、ing.What can we conclude from Staffords research?In conclusion，I would like to say how much I have enjoyed myself today.(2)When the group discussion is nearing its end，make sure to conclude it with important points(用几条要点作为结束)2attend school/class/church上学/上课/做礼拜attend on/upon伺候某人；照顾某人attend to sb./st

11、h.处理；倾听；照料；专心；注意It (suddenly) occurred to him that he had an important conference to attend the next morning.他突然想到第二天早晨他有个重要会议要参加。The main thing is to attend to the injured.首要任务是照顾伤者。夯实基础(1)用attend短语的适当形式填空I always have so many things to attend to when I come back to the company after a trip abroad.

12、Im staying home tonight to attend on my father.(2)翻译句子数千人参加了庆典。Thousands of people attended the ceremony.3expose.to使显露；暴露be exposed to暴露于；经受expose sb.to.让某人接触某物；使某人暴露于They had not been exposed to most diseases common to urban populations.城市人口中多数常见的疾病他们都没有接触到。These units exposed children to many view

13、points of a given issue.这些单元让孩子们接触到有关某一特定问题的多种观点。夯实基础同义句改写The newspaper exposed his secret to the public.(1)The newspaper let out his secret to the public.(用let out改写句子)(2)The newspaper gave away his secret to the public.(用give away改写句子)4cure sb.of.治愈某人的；矫正某人的a cure for.针对的治疗An operation finally cur

14、ed his shin injury.手术最终治好了他颈部的伤。We need to cure our environmental problems.我们需要解决我们的环境问题。夯实基础(1)Who was it that cured the old professor of his cancer(把教授的癌症治好了)?(2)I hope the doctor can cure the pain in my shoulder(治好我肩膀的疼痛)，but they havent found an effective cure.5beyond ones control超过某人控制范围be unde

15、r control处于控制之下be in control (of sth.)控制着in the control of受的管理out of control失控；无法管理lose control of无法控制You must learn how to control yourself.你必须学会控制自己的情绪。Whos in control of that house？谁掌管那所房子？夯实基础同义句改写(1)He is in control of the club.(用club作主语改写句子)The club is in the control of him.(2)He lost control

16、of his motorbike.(用motorbike作主语改写句子)His motorbike was out of control.6 absorb v.吸收(液体、气体等)(take in)；吸引全部注意力(attract)；使全神贯注(interest sb.very much)；使并入，吞并absorb ones attention吸引某人的注意absorb.from.从中吸收be absorbed in全神贯注于be absorbed by/into被吞并(吸引)Plants absorb carbon dioxide from the air and moisture from

17、 the soil.植物从空气中吸收二氧化碳并从土壤中汲取水分。思考表示“全神贯注”的常见短语还有：be lost in，be buried in，fix/focus ones attention on，devote.to，concentrate ones mind on，apply oneself to，be addicted to等。夯实基础(1)用absorb的适当形式填空When deeply absorbed in work，which he often was，he would forget all about eating or sleeping.He had an absorb

18、ed look on his face.(2)翻译句子她专心于这本书。She was absorbed in the book.7suspect sb.to ben./adj.怀疑某人suspect sb.of (doing) sth.怀疑某人(做了)某事be suspicious of/about.对怀疑The above complaints are，I suspect，just the tip of the iceberg.我想，以上的抱怨只是冰山一角。He resigned after being suspected of theft.他被怀疑有偷窃行为，随后就辞职了。夯实基础(1)W

19、hat happened to him?He was suspected of stealing the ring(他被怀疑偷了戒指) at the party last night，and the police were looking into the matter.(2)同义句改写I suspect that he is the pickpocket.(用suspect sb.to be.改为简单句)I suspect him to be the pickpocket.(3)翻译句子我开始怀疑他邀请我的动机。I began to suspect his motives in inviti

20、ng me.8 blame v.把归咎于，责怪，指责(say or think sb. is responsible for)；n.过失；责任(responsibility)；责备，指责blame sb.for.因而指责某人；把归咎于某人blame sth.on sb.把某事归咎于某人be to blame (for sth.)应承担责任；该受责备(主动形式表被动意义accept/bear/take the blame for.对负责；为承担责任put/lay the blame for sth.on sb.把某事的责任推到某人身上To be honest, it was Sus fault，

21、but Li was also to blame.实话实说，这件事怪苏，但是李也应受指责。 (2012江苏书面表达)Everybody knows that he is supposed to be to blame for this.人人皆知他应该为此受到责备。The president put the blame completely on his opponent.总统把责任完全推给了他的对手。夯实基础(1)It is obvious that you are to blame for the accident(你该为这起事故负责)(2)They blamed the failure o

22、n George(把失败推到George身上)Actually，he is not to blame(不该受责备)It is announced that.据称；据宣布announce to sb.sth./that.向某人宣布make an announcement下通知；宣布She was planning to announce her engagement to Peter.她正计划宣布她和彼得订婚一事。It was announced that new speed restrictions would be introduced.据宣布，将有新的限速规定出台。特别提醒announce

23、后不跟双宾语，即不能说announce sb.sth.，可以说announce to sb.sth.。类似不接双宾语的动词还有：explain，say，report，describe，suggest，mention，express等。夯实基础(1)It was announced(据宣布) that the sports meeting would be put off till the next Monday.(2)Everybody stopped talking and became quiet，for the footsteps announced the return of the

24、boss(预示着老板的归来) contribute vt.& vi.捐献；捐助(give money or goods to.)；是的原因之一(be one of the causes of sth.)；贡献；投稿(write.for.contribute.to.把贡献给contribute to有助于；导致(result in/lead to)；把时间投入到make a contribution/contributions to对作出贡献/捐款He contributed a lot of good ideas to the discussion.他在这次讨论中提出很多好的想法。Would

25、you like to make a contribution to the hospital building fund?你愿意为医院建设基金捐款吗？图解助记夯实基础(1)His profound learning and sharp eyes contributed to this new discovery(是这项新发现的原因)(2)同义句改写Various factors contributed to his downfall.Various factors resulted in/led to/were responsible for/caused his downfall.(3)翻

26、译句子适度的运动有益于健康。A proper amount of exercise contributes to good health.lead tomake senseput forwarddraw a conclusion,apart from1It does not make any sense to buy that expensive coat when these are cheaper.2We have put forward the date of our wedding by one week.3It is said that a cigarette end led to

27、the forest fire.4He is easy to get along with.Apart from that，he is a determined boy.5From what is said above，we can draw a conclusion that computers are more a blessing than a disaster.1put away将收起；把放回原处；积蓄put aside忽视；不理睬；储存put off延期put out扑灭put in放入；把写进(信函、故事等May I put your name forward as a possi

28、ble chairman of the committee？我可否提名你为该委员会主席的人选？The meeting was put forward half an hour.会议提前了半小时。夯实基础(1)用put短语的适当形式填空Far water doesnt put out near fire.Encourage children to put aside some of their pocketmoney to buy Christmas presents.The Association has put the event off until October.Her bed was

29、neatly made，her clothes put away.(2)At the last moment，Tom decided to put in a new character(添加一个新的角色) to make the story seem more likely.2表示“除之外”的短语：,apart from/aside from除之外，根据上下文的不同，可以分别相当于besides，except或except for。besidesin addition to除之外(还，也)，常与also，more，other等连用。except除外(都)，常与all，every，no，none

30、，nothing等含有整体肯定或否定意义的词连用。except for除以外，其后所跟的词往往与前面的不是同一类的，是指整体中除去的一个细节或某一方面。Apart from the cost，the dress doesnt suit me.姑且不论价格，这件衣服也不适合我。It is a good book，apart from the torn cover.除了封面破了，它是本好书。夯实基础(1)用besides，except，except for，apart from填空All the students took part in the sports meeting except/apart from Tom.We need three more chairs besides/apart from these two.Apart from/Except for the ending，its a really good film.(2)Apart from good se