助动词用法归纳小学.docx

1、助动词用法归纳小学助动词（AuxiliaryVerb）：协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词。自身没有词义，不可单独使用。主要动词（MainVerb）：是被协助的动词，构成时态和语态。HedoesntlikeEnglish.他不喜欢英语。（doesnt是助动词，无词义；like是主要动词，有词义)最常用的助动词有：be,have,do,shall,will,should,would等。基本助动词只有三个：be,do,have他们没有词汇意义，只有语法作用，如协助构成进行时，完成时，被动态，否定句，疑问句等。1、be动词的用法既可作系动词，又可作助动词，做助动词有人称和数的变化，第一人称用am,第二

2、人称及复数用are,第三人称及单数用is，am,is过去式为was,are的过去式为were,它与现在分词构成进行时态和过去分词一起构成被动语态。a.表示时态be+doing（现在分词）表示现在进行的动作Heissinging.他正在唱歌。b.表示语态be+done(过去分词）表被动语态HewassenttoEngland.他被派往英国。c.be+todo（动词不定式）表示计划安排命令。Wearetoplanttreesnextweek.下周我们将要去植树。Youaretoexplainthis。对此你要做出解释。二、do的用法Do主要帮助实意动词构成否定和疑问句，后跟动词原形，有时放在实意动

3、词前起强调作用，还可代替前文出现的动词，避免重复。Do有人称和数的变化，第一、二人称及复数用do，第三人称及单数用does，过去式为did。1）构成一般疑问句。DO+主语+动词原形+其他Ilikesinging变为疑问句为Doyoulikesinging2）do+not构成否定句。主语+do+not+动词原形。Idonotwanttobecriticized.我不想挨批评。Hedoesntliketostudy.他不想学习。ManystudentsdidntknowtheimportanceofEnglishbefore.过去好多学生不知道英语的重要性.3)构成否定祈使句。Dontgother

4、e.不要去那里。Dontbesoabsent-minded.不要这么心不在焉。说明：构成否定祈使句只用do，不用did和does。4）放在动词原形前，加强该动词的语气。Docometomybirthdaypartyplease.请一定来参加我的生日宴会。Ididgothere.我确实去那儿了。Idomissyou.我确实想你。我真想你了！5）用作代替动词。-DoyoulikeBeijing-你喜欢北京吗？-Yes,Ido.No,Idont.-是的，喜欢。（do用作代动词，代替likeBeijing.）Heknowshowtodriveacar,doesnthe他知道如何开车，对吧？3、have

5、的用法Have+过去分词构成完成时态Ihavestudiedenglishforalongtime.情态动词的基本用法归纳情态动词有can(could),may(might),must,haveto,shall(should,will(would),dare(dared),need(needed),oughtto等。情态动词无人称和数的变化；不能单独使用，必须与其后的动词原形构成谓语。一、can,could1)表示能力Marycanspeakthreelanguages.Canyouskate此时可用beableto代替。Can只有一般现在时和一般过去式；而beableto则有更多的时态。Il

6、lnotbeabletocomethisafternoon.当表示“经过努力才得以做成功某事”时应用beableto，不能用Can。如：Hewasabletogotothepartyyesterdayeveninginspiteoftheheavyrain.2)表示请求和允许。-CanIgonow-Yes,youcan./No,youcant.此时可与may互换。在疑问句中还可用could,might代替，不是过去式，只是语气更委婉，不能用于肯定句和答语中。-CouldIcometoseeyoutomorrow-Yes,youcan.(No,Imafraidnot.)3)表示推测（惊讶、怀疑、

7、不相信的态度），用于疑问句、否定句和感叹句中。CanthisbetrueThiscantbedonebyhim.Howcanthisbetrue二、may,might1)表示请求和允许。might比may语气更委婉，而不是过去式。否定回答时可用cant或mustnt，表示“不可以，禁止”。-Might/MayIsmokeinthisroom-No,youmustnt.-May/MightItakethisbookoutoftheroom-Yes,youcan.(No,youcant/mustnt.)用MayI.？征徇对方许可时比较正式和客气，而用CanI.？在口语中更常见。2）用于祈使句，表示

8、祝愿。Mayyousucceed!3)表示推测、可能性（不用于疑问句）。might不是过去式，它所表示的可能性比may小。1Hemay/mightbeverybusynow.2Yourmothermay/mightnotknowthetruth.三、must,haveto1)表示必须、必要。Youmustcomeintime.在回答引出的问句时，如果是否定的，不能用mustnt（禁止，不准），而用neednt,donthaveto（不必）.-Mustwehandinourexercisebookstoday-Yes,youmust.-No,youdonthaveto/youneednt.2)m

9、ust是说话人的主观看法，而haveto则强调客观需要。Must只有一般现在时，haveto有更多的时态形式。1heplayisntinteresting,Ireallymustgonow.2IhadtoworkwhenIwasyourage.3)表示推测、可能性（只用于肯定的陈述句）1YoureTomsgoodfriend,soyoumustknowwhathelikesbest.2Yourmothermustbewaitingforyounow.四、shall,should1) shall+动词原形表示将来时态Shallwegoshoppingtomorrow2)shall用于第一人称，征

10、求对方的意见。Whatshallwedothiseveningshall用于第二、三人称，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。1.Youshallfailifyoudontworkhard.(警告)2.HeshallhavethebookwhenIfinishit.(允诺)3.Heshallbepunished.(威胁)六、will,would1)表示请求、建议等，would更委婉。Wouldyoulikeacupofcoffee你想要一杯咖啡吗？2) will+动词原形表将来时态Hewillcomebacknextmonth.他下个月将会回来。3）表示意志、愿望和决心。1.Iwilln

11、everdothatagain.助动词练习题1把下列句子变为一般疑问句。1. Itisalovelydog._2. Sheislovelygirl._3. Weareclassmates._4. Iamadoctor._5. Thereisabirdinthetree._6. Theyaregoodfriends._7. Ilovemyparents._9.Wehaveapleasanthome._10.TheygotochurchonSunday._11.Youareasinger._2.用dodoesbe填空1_sheknowalltheanswersYes,she_.No,she_.2_

12、thetwinsoftenfightYes,_do.No,_dont.3_yourdadlikelisteningtomusicYes,_does.No,_doesnt.5_youhaveanewteacherYes,I_.No,I_.6_sheateacherYes,she_.No,she_.10_yourfathersmokinginthelivingroomYes,_is.No,he_.助动词和情态动词专项练习一、情态动词的基本用法CanJohnSmith_hishomeworkontimeShedare_outbyherselfatnight.You_tothepartytonight

13、ifyouhavesomethingimportanttodo.A.dontneedcomeB.neednttocomeC.needntcomeD.dontneedcomingWellbereadytoleaveateight.Well,Johnmust_backbythen.Yourgrandmother_thenewspaperwithoutglasses.二、must,need,dare的用法MustIgetupearlytomorrow,DadNo,you_.TomorrowisSunday.A.cantB.mustntC.needntD.couldntMustwefinishtheb

14、ooktodayYes,you_.You_playontheroad.Itsdangerous.A.mustnYou_returnthebooknow.Youcankeepituntilnextweek.A.cantB.mustntC.needntD.darenotI_asleepingbagbecauseIvealreadygotone.A.neednthaveB.didnthaveC.dontneedD.neednotMrSmith_apenfromJack.三、can,could,may,might的用法Theman_walkfastbecauseheislameintherightfo

15、ot.tCouldIborrowyourdictionaryYes,ofcourseyou_.Acomputer_thinkforitself,itmustbetoldwhattodo.tD.cantThatmustbeamistake.Idontthinkso.It_amistake.tbeC.cannotbeHe_helpcryingatthenewsofhisfathersdeath.A.couldntB.shouldntC.hadntD.didnt“Now,_allsmile,please”heasked.Ihaventbroughtmydictionarywithme._Iuseyo

16、urs四、should,would,shall,will的用法MustIcopythenewwordsinclassNo,you_.You_doitathome.A.neednt,mayB.mustnt,mustC.mustnt,mayD.neednt,mustntWouldyoupleasenotdrawpicturesonthewallSorry.I_itagain.tdoC.didntdoD.wontdo21._IopenthewindowItssowarmhere.22._youlikesomeoranges23.Tomsaidthathe_apologizetoMary.24.“Do

17、youthinkwe_turnback”Janeasked.He_anyhelp.Hecandoitallbyhimself.tC.doesntneedD.doesntneedtoaskLiFangisntintheclassroom.He_beatthelibrary.Letsgoandfindhim.MayIhavealookatyournewwatchYes,you_.MustIhandintheexercisebooktomorrowNo,you_.Youcanhanditinthedayaftertomorrow.A.cantB.mustntC.needntD.couldntTher

18、e_anEnglishtestnextMonday.Youdbetterasksomeone,oryou_getlost.7.“Comeon!”Petercalled.“We_stayhereanylonger.”A.couldntB.cantC.hadnttoD.mightnt8.MustTomwriteitnowNo,he_.A.needntB.cant9.“HaveyouseenLirecently”“No,Ithinkhemust_awayonvacation.”10.“Allright.You_ifyoudontwantto.”A.dontneedstayB.needntstayC.

19、neednttostayD.dontneedstaying1：She_toseedocumentaries（记录片）.A、dowantB、dontwantC、doesntwantD、notwant2：Lookatthatpictureonthewall._youlikeitA、DoB、CanC、CouldD、Are3：He_likepears.A、doB、isC、doesntD、not4：Doyouoftengotothecinema_SundayNo,we_.A、on,dontB、on,arentC、in,doD、in,dont5：CanyouseealightonthetableYes,_

20、.A、IamB、ImnotC、IcanD、Heisnt6：Doestheboywanttobeanactor_.A、Yes,heisB、No,hedoesC、Yes,hedoesD、No,heisnt7：_hehaveanyapplesA、DoB、DoesC、IsD、Are8：She_wanttobeapolicewoman,becauseshethinksitskindofdangerous.A、isntB、arentC、dontD、doesnt9：WhyhehavebrownhairA、doB、doesC、isD、has10：Whattime_hegethomeeverydayA、isB、

21、doesC、doD、am11：What_youseeinthepictureA、isB、areC、canD、have12：Jack_likeflyingkites_throwingafrisby.A、dont,orB、doesnt,andC、dont,andD、doesnt,or13：A：_Jim_aballB：No,he_.A、Do,have,dontB、Does,has,doesntC、Is,have,isntD、Does,have,doesnt14：I_haveawatch.A、amnotB、doesC、dontD、doesnt15：youagoodtimeonyourvacationA

22、、Did;haveB、Did;hadC、Were;haveD、Were;had16：Simonlikes_football,buthedoesnt_itwell.A、play,playsB、toplay,playsC、plays,playingD、playing,play17：Shehavetowashthedishesnow.A、dontB、notC、doesntD、cant18：_Colin_ChinesehistoryYes,hedoes.A、Do;likeB、Does;likesC、Do;likesD、Does;like19：LiLei_lunchathome.A、hasntB、hav

23、entC、donthaveD、doesnthave20：Whocleanedtheblackboardyesterday,DickJohn.A、cleanedB、doesC、didD、is21：_youusuallycometoschoolbybikeA、DontB、DoesntC、ArentD、Isnt22：Where_lionscomefromIthinktheycomefromAfrica.A、areB、isC、doesD、do23：_wehaveanyeggsA、ArentB、DontC、CantD、Mustnt24：youonyourvacationyesterdayA、AreB、W

24、ereC、WasD、Did25：WhodinnerlastnightMymother.A、cooked;didB、did;cookedC、did;didD、cooked;cooked1. There_ameetingtomorrowafternoon.2. Mother_meanicepresentonmynextbirthday.3. Listen!Thegirl_intheroom.4. WhatareyoudoingIm_TV.5. Inourschooltherearefifty-five_.AwomenteachersB.womanteachers.CwomenteacherD.womansteacher6. Jackwenttohavetwo_pulledoutyesterdayafternoon.A.toothsB.toothC.teethD.Toothes7. Many_havebeenbuiltinourcitysince1987.A.factorysB.factoriesC.factoryesD.factorys8. Whosthatatthedoor_isthepostman.9.yougotothemoviesyesterday