英语语法时态.docx

1、英语语法时态汪博教育高中英语VIP专题训练之时态及其考点理论描述：一、对一般现在时的考查1.考查其基本概念：一般现在时表示一个习惯性、经常性的动作。常与表示习惯的副词always, every time,now and then, occasionally, often, seldom, sometimes, usually 等连用。但近几年，对一般现在时的考查常用过去时态或现在完成时态对考生进行干扰。Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across the open sea, which _ the Pacific, andwe met no st

2、orm.（2005年辽宁卷）A. was called B. is called C. had been called D. has been called解析：虽然航海发生在过去，但是海洋的名称不会因此而变化，所以要用一般现在时2.考查一般现在时的替代用法：在以when, till/ until, as soon as, by the time, after, before等引导的时间状语从句，在以if,unless, once等引导的条件状语从句和以no matter, however, even if 等词引导的让步状语从句中，如果主句中的动词用一般将来时，从句中的动词通常用一般现在时代

3、替一般将来时。 What would you do if it _ tomorrow? We have to carry it on ,since weve got everything ready. （2005年全国卷）A. rain B. rains C. will rain D. is raining解析：if引导条件状语从句，在条件状语从句中要用一般现在时表示将来二、对一般过去时的考查一般过去时表示在过去某时某刻发生的动作或存在的状态，它常与表过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday, last year, last night, the other day, just now, th

4、en, two days ago, in 1999, at that time等。但是一般过去时也经常用在没有说明过去的时间状语的句子中，这是高考的命题方向。More than a dozen students in that school _ abroad to study medicine last year.（2005年上海卷）A. sent B. were sent C. had sent D. had been sent解析：last year表示过去，再者主语是复数形式三、对现在进行时的考查由上下文语境表示时间。 Whats the terrible noise？ The neig

5、hbours _ for a party. （2004年北京卷）A. have prepared B. are preparing C. prepare D. will prepare解析：上下文语境告诉我们是讲现在正在发生的事。现在进行时的基本用法：a. 表示现在( 指说话人说话时) 正在发生的事情。We are waiting for you.b. 习惯进行：表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。Mr. Green is writing another novel.(说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。)She is learning piano under Mr. Smith.

6、与always, constantly, forever 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。You are always changing your mind.c. 表示渐变的动词有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。The leaves are turning red.Its getting warmer and warmer.d. 现在进行时表将来时常用“意图”“安排”或“打算”的含义。这种现在进行时比较生动，给人一种期待感。 它常表最近或较近的将来，所用动词多是转移动词。如： (1) Im going.

7、 我要走了。 (2) Im coming.我要来了。 (3) When are you starting? 你什么时候动身？ 表将来的现在进行时除用于转移动词外，亦可用于某些非转移动词。如： (1) Im meeting you after class. 课后我找你。 (2) What are you doing next Sunday? 下星期你打算干什么？ (3) She is buying a new bike soon. 她不久将买一辆新自行车。 但偶尔也表示较远的将来。如： When I grow up, Im joining the army. 我长大了要参军。四、对过去进行时的考

8、查1.把过去进行时放在when, while, as 等引导的时间状语从句中考查。如果主句谓语和从句谓语都发生在过去，动作时间长的用过去进行时，表达谈话背景；动作时间短的用一般过去时，表达新的信息。You were out when I dropped in at your house.Oh, I _ for a friend from England at the airport. （2004年福建卷）A. was waiting B. had waited C. am waiting D. have waited解析：该题是根据交际情景考查动词时态的用法。该题是强调在过去某一时间（你来我家

9、时）正在进行的动作（在机场等人），用过去进行时。句意：“我顺路去你家时，你不在家。”“啊，（那个时候）我在机场等从英国来的朋友。”2.把过去进行时放在某特定的语境中考查。Has Sam finished his homework today?I have no idea. He _ it this morning. （2004年全国卷）A. did B. has done C. was doing D. had done解析：该题根据交际情景考查动词时态的用法。第一句问今天做完作业没有，问结果；他今天早晨（过去某段时间内）还在做（正在进行的动作）应当用过去进行时态。句意：“萨姆今天做完作业了吗

10、？”“我不知道。他今天早晨还在做呢。”3.考查过去进行时与一般过去时的比较。Shirely_a book about China last year but I dont know whether she has finished it.（98）A.has written B. wrote C. had written D. was writing解析：根据I dont know whether she has finished it可判断去年她不可能写完这本书，因而去年应该一直在写。该题测试过去时间状语与过去进行时态在英语句式中的特殊用法。题中过去时间状语last year导致了考生的定势思

11、维，不少考生因此而误选了选项B（一般过去时）。分析上下文语境可知，选项部分的谓语动词的动作并非在过去某一时间已经完成，而是指在过去某一时间正在进行，故应选过去进行时。注意：在这一句式结构中，只有延续性动词才可与过去时间状语用于过去进行时，强调在过去某一时间正在进行的动作。五、对现在完成时的考查1.现在完成时不仅表示动作在说话之前已经完成，而且强调动作对现在的影响或表示经验。He was hoping to go abroad but his parents _ that they wont support him unless he canborrow money from the bank.

12、（2005年湖北卷）A. were deciding B. have decided C. decided D. will decide解析：have decided现在完成时表示父母已经决定了。Millions of pounds worth of damage _by a storm which swept across the north of England last night. （2005年重庆卷）A. has been caused B. had been caused C. will be caused D. will have been caused 解析：“storm”后的

13、定语从句有明确的时间状语“last night”，故主语时态应确定为完成时，但D项为将来完成时，显然与语境不符。B项为过去完成时，但本句强调昨晚发生的风暴对现在的影响。2.现在完成时表示过去的动作一直延续至今并可能继续下去，常与for或since 等短语连用。The window is dirty. I know. It _ for weeks. （2004年全国卷）A. hasnt cleaned B. didnt clean C. wasnt cleaned D. hasnt been cleaned解析：该题是根据交际情景中考查动词时态与语态。关键词for weeks，考虑现在完成时，表

14、示到目前为止的结果，好几周不擦了；窗户与擦的关系是被动关系，故被动语态。句意；“窗户很脏了。”“我知道。好几周没有擦了。”注：由终止性动词leave, arrive, come, go, return, begin, start, put, stop, start, put, stop, die, fall, buy,borrow, see等构成的完成时不能与for或since引导的时间状语连用。但这些终止性动词的否定式可以与for或since短语连用。如：I havent met him for two years.3.考查现在完成时与一般过去式的区别：一般过去时着重说明动作发生的时间、地点

15、、方式等，与现在不发生联系，且句中一般有表示过去的时间状语；而现在完成时只说明现在的情况，对现在有影响。 Where _ the recorder? I cant see it anywhere.（98NMET） I _ it right here. But now its gone.A. did you put; have put B. have you put; put C. had you put; was putting D. were you putting; put解析：第一个空“放”这个动作强调对现在的影响，“我找不到”第二个空“放”指过去的一个动作六、对现在完成进行时的考查现在

16、完成进行时是由“have / has been+现在分词”构成，表示从过去某一时刻发生的动作，一直延续到现在，并且还可能继续下去。它与现在完成时的区别如下：1.现在完成时强调的是完成的动作，而现在完成进行时是持续了一段时间的动作，这个动作刚停止或 仍在继续。I have written an article.（已完成）I have been writing an article. （还在写）2.有些延续性动词，如live, teach, work, study, learn, stay等因现在完成时与现在完成进行时差别不大。I have lived here for ten years. =

17、I have been living here for ten years.另外注意的是：表短暂动作的动词（finish,marry, get up, come, go等）一般不能用现在完成进行时。Now that she is out of a job, Lucy _going back to school, but she hasnt decidedyet.（2004年北京卷）A. had considered B. has been considering C. considered D. is going to consider解析：该题是在交际情境中考查动词时态的用法。根据句意应选完

18、成进行时，表示过去的动作（考虑返校学习）持续到现在（还没有决定）今后还有可能进行的动作。句意：既然露西失业了，她一直在考虑返校读书，但她还没有定下来。七、对过去完成时态的考查过去完成时，经常以“过去”为背景，要想表达比这一背景更早的动作，常用此时态。 George and Lucy got married last week. Did you go to their wedding?No, I _. Did they have a big wedding? （2004年湖北卷）A. was not invited B. have not been invited C. hadnt been i

19、nvited D. didnt invite解析：没有被邀请发生在George and Lucy举行婚礼之前，即过去的过去。常见考点有：把过去完成时放在含有when, before, after, until, as soon as等引导的时间状语从句的复合句中考查。When the old man _ to walk back to his house, the sun _ itself behind the mountain.（2005年湖北卷）A. started; had already hidden B. had started; had already hiddenC. had s

20、tarted; was hiding D. was starting; hid解析：考查动词时态。主句的动作在前，从句的动作在后，从句中谓语动词 started to walkback表示过去时间点，因此主句的动作应用过去完成时。把过去完成时放在by + 时间点或by the time + 从句的句子里考查。By the end of last year, another new gymnasium _ in Beijing. （2003年上海春）A. would be completed B. was being completed C.has been completed D.had be

21、en completed解析：by the end of last year常与过去完成时连用，表示到过去某个时候前已经完成的动作。动词时态易混点解读一般过去时和现在完成时的比较1）用两种时态来表述发生在过去的某一动作，现在完成时强调这一过去动作对现在产生的影响或结果，而一般过去时只表达过去的动作或状态，和现在关系不大。例如：She has cleaned the room.Its very clean now.(此句has cleaned就不能改为cleaned.一是因为cleaned与现状有关，二是因为一般过去时不可突然跳到Its.这样的一般现在时。)2）汉语中的“了”、“过”、“曾”等词

22、常用完成表达，如：I have seen that film.（我看过那部电影了。）但是如果是在特定的过去时间“看了”、“做过”，就不可用完成时而必须用一般过去进来表达。例如：When did you see that film? I saw it yesterday.(你什么时候看了那部电影？我昨天看的。)不能说：When have you seen that film?I have seen it yesterday.1. We havent heard from Jane for a long time. What do you suppose _ to her?A. was happe

23、ning B. happens C. has happened D. happened解析：说话者强调Jane 目前的状况.2. Hello, I _ you were in London. How long _ here?A. dont know; were you B. hadnt known; are youC. havent known; are D. didnt know; have you been解析： didnt know 强调见面前原不知道.3. Im glad to tell you that we _ the work in less time than we _ exp

24、ected to.A. finished; were B. have finished; are C. have finished; were D. had finished; were解析：全句含义为 “我们现在已经比预期的(强调过去)提前完成任务( 强调现在). 4. It _ that pleasant music keeps people from becoming tired at their work.A. finds B. has found C. was found D. has been found. 解析：为被动语态的现在完成时, 强调that 从句的内容现在已被发现,为人

25、所知.5. When I was at college I _ three foreign language but I _ all except a few words of each.A. spoke; had forgotten B. spoke; have forgottenC. had spoken; had forgotten C. had spoken; have forgotten解析：注意when I was at college 是指过去的某一时间,动词应用一般过去时; I have forgotten 是指现在的情况.现在完成时与现在完成进行时的比较1. - Hi, Tr

26、acy, you look tired. “- I am tired. I _ the living room all day.A. painted B. had painted C. have been painting D. have painted 解析：强调动作从过去到现在的延续，而非动作的结果2. - Have you had any letters from him?- No, I havent, but my wife _ him regularly .A. has heard from B. has been hearing from C. had heard from D.

27、hears解析：不强调结果，A错；不是指目前一般的情况，D错；是指从过去延续到现在的情况现在进行时和过去进行时的比较1.I dont really work here. I _ until the new secretary _.A. just help out; comes B. have just helped out; will comeC. am just helping out; comes D. will just help out; has come解析：指目前一段时间正在发生的动作, until 引导的是时间状语从句,动词需用一般现在时.)2.- When shall we l

28、eave?- As soon as I _ what I _.A. will finish; do B. have finished, am doing C. finish, will do D. finish, do解析：as soon as 从句前省略了主句, 时间状语从句中动词强调将来的结果用现在完成时; what I am dong 指目前正在做的事. 3. At that time he _ in the library.A. worked B. had worked C. was working D. would work解析： was working 指 at that time

29、 正在发生的行为.4. The students _ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she_in the office.A. were working; had left B. worked; left C. had worked; left D. were working; would leave解析：句中went 是说话人给定的时间, work 和leave发生的时间都要看它们与went 的时间关系, work 与went动作同时发生, 强调正在做,用过去进行时; leave 在went之前发生, 应用过去完成时.)5. - Hey,

30、look where you are going! - Oh, Im terribly sorry. _.A. Im not noticing. B. I wasnt noticing. C. I havent noticed. D. I dont notice.解析： 对话的后者显然是在解释刚才不小心冒犯对方时正在做的事情.一般过去时和过去进行时的比较1.He _ a book about China last year, but I dont know if he _ it.A.wrote; has finished B. was writing; has finishedC. was w

31、riting; had finished D. wrote; will finish解析：正确选项为B. 从I dont know if he has finished it.推断，他去年一直在写。2.Tom_ into the house when no one _.A. slipped; was noticing B. had slipped; noticedC. slipped; had noticed D. was slipping; noticed解析：slip和notice 为同时发生的动作，因此B、C为错误选项，slipped指过去有结果的动作（他溜进去了），when no one was noticing 指他溜进去的一刹那发生的情况（没有人注意）。 3. As she _ the newspaper,