1、广州版小学英语总复习671410137一.名词与量词一 不可数名词: 部分为液体类,气体类的物质单词 (没有复数形式) 液体:tea、coffee、juice、Coke 、 milk 、water 、soup 气体:air、gas 肉类: chicken(表“鸡肉”时为不可数名词, 表“小鸡”时为可数名词) fish(表“鱼肉”时为不可数名词, 表“鱼”时为可数名词) pork 、 beef 、 meat 总称: food 、 fruit 其它: rain 、wind、snow、light 、grass、money、paper 、pizza、pasta 、salad 、 bread 、toas
2、t、 porridge、 rice、chocolate、ice-cream 、 broccoli 二 名词复数形式:1. +s 2. o(有生命), 以x, s, sh, ch 结尾+es 3. 辅音加y结尾,改y为ies 4.以fe或f结尾,改fe 或f 为ves 5. 单复数同形:fish 、sheep 、deer、people 、Chinese、Japanese、 family(作为“家人”解释时) 6. 特殊:man men firemanfiremen policeman-policemen postman- postmen snowman-snowmen woman women p
3、olicewoman policewomen goose geese foot feet tooth teeth ox- oxen child children mouse-mice 三名词的所有格 1 一般情况,在名词的末尾加 s ( the boys bag ) 2 以s结尾的复数名词末尾加 ( the boysbooks ) 3. 表示几个人共同拥有的东西,只在最后一个名字后加 s , 如: Tom and Bens bedroom (汤姆与本共同拥有的卧室) 4. 分别拥有的东西就在每个名字后各自加 s,如: Toms bedroom and Bens bedroom( 汤姆的卧室和本
4、的卧室) 5. 没有生命的东西的所有格 通常用 “ of + 名词”的方法来表示。 如: the cover of the book (书的封面) 注: 姓氏的复数形式前面加the 表示“ 一家人” 如:the Whites (怀特一家人) 姓或名字后加所有格有时可以表示 地点。 如: Lets eat at Jimmys (我们去Jimmy 餐厅吃饭吧)Im going to Miss Lins . (我准备去林老师家) 四 量词 6. a bottle of ( 一瓶)7. a bowl of ( 一碗)8. a bag of ( 一袋) 9. a box of (一箱)1. a plat
5、e of (一盘) 2. a piece of (一片/ 张)3. a pair of ( 一对/ 双) 4. a cup of ( 一茶杯)注: 量词的后面 + 不可数名词(单数) / 可数名词(复数),如: a bag of rice apples 当量词数量超过“一”时,量词也要跟着用复数形式。如 :two glasses of,some bottles of二 .形容词与副词(一)单音节及部分双音节单词的形容词及副词比较级与最高级变化规律: 1.直接er / est 2.以e结尾 r/st 3.重读闭音节单词(通常以辅元辅结尾)双写末尾字母er / est (如: wetter , h
6、otter ,fatter) 4.辅音加y结尾,改y为ier / est 5.特殊(不规则) (二)双音节(部分)与多音节单词形容词、副词比较级与最高级变化规律: 比较级:more 原形 最高级 :most原形 (三)修饰比较级的词: much a littlea lot + 比较级 (四)表示 “越来越” bigger and bigger 、happier and happier 、more and more、 less and lees 、more and more slowly 、 more and more beautiful 、 more and more boring (五)不规
7、则的形容词词、副词比较级与最高级: wellbetterbest good betterbest manymore most bad worseworst farfartherfarthest littlelessleast (六)部分双音节形容词、副词的比较级与最高级: 5. a glass of ( 一玻璃杯) slowlymore slowlymost slowly crowdedmore crowdedmost crowded famous more famousmost famous quicklymore quickly most quickly patientmore patie
8、nt most patient excitedmore excitedmost excited boringmore boring most boring(七)其他 1.形容词修饰名词,常放在名词前。( a beautiful girl ) 2.副词修饰动词, 常放在动词后面。( run fast ) 3.两者之间用比较级,三者或三者以上通常用最高级。 如: Who can run faster, Ben or Tom? Who can run fastest, Ben, Tom, or Yongxian? 4.比较级的句子通常有标志词 “than”。 5. 最高级的句子通常有标志词“the”
9、(形容词最高级才有,副词没有); 表范围限制的介词“ in、 on、 of ”,如: She is the prettiest of the three. Elephants are the biggest animals on land. He runs most slowly in his class. ( 副词的最高级前面没有“the”) 三.介词与连词(一) 介词 1表时间: at:在几点 on:在某一天 in: 在某个月、季节、学期、年 fromto:从到. for: 做事情做了多长时间,持续多久 during: 在期间 2. 表方位: in(里面),on(上面), beside(旁
10、边), under(下面), behind(后面), in front of(前面), near(附近), between(两者之间), opposite(对面), against(靠着) 3. 表地点: at : 在 (后面加小的地点) (at school , at the library) in : 在 (后面加大的地点) (in China, in Guangzhou) 4. 介词短语1.leave for 离开到 9.in the morning /afternoon / evening 在上午/ 下午/ 晚上2. start for 出发到 10. at noon / night
11、在中午 / 夜晚3. look for 寻找 11. close to / next to 靠近4. agree with 同意 12. on the left / right 在左边 / 右边5. catch up with 赶上 13. from the left / right 从左边 / 右边6. help sb. with帮某人某事14. ask for 7. help yourself to 随便吃. 15. wait for等待8. get to到达,索取 16. on the farm 在农场上(二) 连词 and :和 (并列关系) or: 或者(选择关系) when: 当
12、then:然后before: 在之前 after:在之后 because : 因为 so: 所以 if: 假如 but: 但是(转折关系)四代词、冠词与数词(一) 代词 人称 代词我你他她它我们它/她/他们主格Iyouhesheitwethey宾格meyouhimheritusthem物主 代词我的你的他的她的它的我们的它/他/她们的形容词性myyourhisheritsourtheir名词性mineyourshishersitsourstheirs 1. 人称代词 主格:一般在句子中做主语,放在动词前面( 疑问句则放在动词后面) 如: She and I are good friends .
13、 Is she a clever girl? 宾格: 一般在句子中做宾语, 放在动词或介词后面。 如: Give me a book. I am waiting for him. 2. 物主代词 形容词性物主代词:修饰名词,放在名词前面。 ( 如: my book , their teacher ) 名词性物主代词: 后面不能加名词,可单独使用,常放在句子末尾或动词前面。 如: Your book is better than mine. My book is interesting. Hers is boring. ( hers 在这里意思为 her book)(二) 冠词 1. 不定冠词
14、a 、an 1) 表示一类人或事物,不具体指哪一个。如: She is a teacher. 2) 表示数量“一”。如: I have a cat and two rabbits. 3)用在固定搭配里。如: a lot of , a little , have a cold, take a rest 4) 元音发音开头的单词用“an” ,辅音发音开头的单词用“a”。( 一般情况以a, e , i o, u结尾的单 词用“an”)如: an egg, an English teacher , an apple2 定冠词 the 1) 特指某个具体的人或事物。 (如: The book on th
15、e table is mine.)2) 已经提过的人或事物。 ( 如:I have a cat. The cat is lovely.)3) 用在序数词、形容词最高级的前面。 ( I live on the third floor . Guangzhou is the best city.) 4) 用在世界独一无二的事物前。( the sun, the moon, the earth ) 5) 用在乐器前。( play the guitar , play the piano )三)数词 1. 基数词 : 表数量 ( one ,two ,three ) 2. 序数词: 表顺序 ( first,
16、second, third.) 一、二、三 特殊记, first, second, third. 八 去t , 九去e,ve 要用f 替。 见y 改为i和e ,词尾加上th。 若是遇见几十几,只变各位就可以。 ( first , second, third, eighth, ninth , fifth, twentieth forty-first )五动词(一)情态动词: can, could, may, must, need, will, would, should, + 动原 cant , couldnt, mustnt, neednt, wont, shouldnt + 动原1. 情态动
17、词表示说话人的语气与情态。 2. 情态动词没有人称和数的变化。 如: I / She / He / They can run. 3注意:用must 来提问,肯定回答用must, 否定的回答多用neednt. 如: Must I borrow books with a library card? Yes, you must. Must I borrow books with an ID card? No. you neednt. (二)be 动词 be动词口诀: 1. 在一般现在时中: I 用am, you 用are, is连着he, she, it. 单数名词用is, 复数名词全用are. 变
18、疑问,往前提,句末问号莫丢弃。 变否定,更容易,be 后not莫忘记。 疑问否定任你变,句首大写莫迟疑。 2. 在过去时中: I 用was, you 用were, was连着he, she, it. 单数名词用was, 复数名词全用were.(三)行为动词 1.行为动词主要表示主语的动作和状态。如: stand, come, die, go, run, sit, put, borrow, buy 2行为动词可分为及物动词(vt.) 和不及物动词(vi.)。 3及物动词指的是后面能跟宾语的动词。 4不及物动词指的后面不能跟宾语的动词。六一般过去时1一般过去时的定义:表示过去发生的事情和动作。 2
19、动词由原形变为过去式的规律(即动词过去式): 1)ed ( 如:watched ) 2)以e 结尾d (如liked) 3)重读闭音节单词(通常以辅元辅结尾)双写末尾字母ed (如:stopped) 4)辅音加y结尾的单词改y为ied (如:studied) 5)不规则(及特殊形式):(见 六年级下册P90) am- was is-was are- were do-did feel-felt get-got go- went have-had say-said see-saw read- read come- came eat- ate fly-flew blow-blew 3一般过去时常用的
20、时间状语: just now (刚才) yesterday (昨天) yesterday morning / afternoon / evening (昨天早上/ 下午 / 晚上) last month./ week / year (上个月/ 上个星期 / 去年),this morning / afternoon / evening (今天上午 / 下午 / 晚上) ago (之前) in 2000 (在2000年) before / before (以前 / 以前) 4一般过去时的句型: 肯定句:( 动词用过去式) She was at home yesterday evening. We
21、were busy just now. He did his homework last night. They played football yesterday. 否定句:(行为动词的否定:didnt+动原 ;be 动词的否定: wasnt ,werent) She wasnt at home yesterday evening. We werent busy just now. He didnt do his home work last night. They didnt play football yesterday. 疑问句:(行为动词的疑问句:did +动原; be 动词的疑问:
22、 Was/ Were ) Was she at home yesterday evening? Were you busy just now? Did he do his homework last night? Did they play football yesterday? Where did he go yesterday? How did you go to school this morning? 七 一般将来时(一)一般将来时的定义: 表示将要做,打算做, 准备做的事. (二) 一般将来时的结构:1. be going to +动词原形 (is / are / am going
23、to + 动词原形)1) 肯定句 I am going to go to school tomorrow. He is going to play football this afternoon. She is going to do some reading. They are going to see the white tiger next Sunday. We are going to surf the Net this evening. Sally is going to swim this afternoon. The girl is going to go to the park
24、 with her friend tomorrow.2)否定句 isnt / arent / am not / going to + 动词原形 如:She isnt going to swim tomorrow. They arent going to swim next weekend. 3) 特殊疑问句 What are you going to do? How are you going to get there? What time is your train going to leave for Hong Kong? What time are you going to go to
25、school tomorrow? 4) 一般疑问句 Is she going to go to school tomorrow? Yes,she is . / No, she isnt. Are you going to play football tomorrow? Yes, I am. / No, I am notAm I going to get to school by bus tomorrow? Yes, you are. / No, you arent.2. will +动词原形 1). 肯定句: I will go to school tomorrow. He will play
26、 football this afternoon. She will do some reading. They will see the white tiger next Sunday. 2). 否定句: wont +动词原形 3)一般疑问句 Will you go to school tomorrow? Yes, I will. / No, I wont. Will she surf the Net tomorrow? Yes, she will / No, she wont. 4) 特殊疑问句 When will you get there? Who will go with you?
27、What will you do on holiday? 三). 一般将来时常用时间状语: tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, this (next) morning /Sunday/ week八一般现在时1一般现在时的定义:表示经常性、习惯性的动作或现在的状态特征。 2一般现在时基本句型结构:be动词;行为动词否定形式:am/is/are +not;此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词,则在其前加dont,如主语为第三人称单数,则用doesnt,同时还原行为动词。 一般疑问句:把be动词放于句首;用助动词do提问,如主语为第三人称单数,则用does,同时,还原行为动词
28、3一般现在时常见标志词:never, sometimes, often, usually, always, seldom,every 4.当主语是第三人称单数时, 一般现在时的动词变化的规律: 1) 一般情况加s,如: visit visits tell tells work works wave waves 2) 以s, x, sh, ch,o结尾的动词, 加es,如: wash washes watch watches catch catches teach-teaches fixfixes guess-guesses go-goes do-does 3) 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,改y为
29、i加es,如: fly flies study studies 4) 特殊情况 have has 5)当主语是第三人称单数时, 一般现在时的特殊疑问: What time does he get up? He gets up at six. Where does she live? She lives in Renmin Road. How does he go to work? He goes to work by bus.Who hands in the homework? Jiamin. Whose friend practices the piano? Janes friend. Wh
30、ich school does she study at? She studies at No. 2 School.6)当主语是第三人称单数时, 一般现在时的肯定句,否定句和一般疑问句的变化, 例如: I eat dinner at six. He eats dinner at six too. I dont eat dinner at six. He doesnt eat dinner at six either. Do you eat dinner at six? Does he eat dinner at six? 九.现在进行时1定义:表示动作正在进行。 2现在进行时常用标志词:now , listen , look, see 3. 动词ing形式(即现在分词)构成规律: 1)一般情况加ing,如:red-reading, play-playing
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