考研英语语法难点精析 word版.docx

1、考研英语语法难点精析 word版考研英语语法难点精析考研英语语法虽然不单独出题,但是阅读、翻译、作文无不用到语法,语法能不过关, 获得高分几无可能。让我们回顾一下英语语法中的部分难点,相信大家会有所斩获!【语法难点精析之被分隔的定语从句】定语从句一般紧接被它所修饰的先行词;但有时候它和先行词之间有可能插入其他成 分, 使它与先行词分隔开来, 这种定语从句叫作被分隔的定语从句, 在阅读文章时会经常遇 到这种情况,在阅读是要注意识别先行词的修饰对象。一般说来,定语从句被分割开来大致有以下三种:在先行词与定语从句之间插入一个状语。eg:There are many thousands of star

2、s in the sky that are like the sun.在太空中有成千上万的象太阳般的星星。乍一看, that 引导的定语从句在名词 sky 的后面, 似乎应该是修饰 sky 的。 但仔细一想, ” 不对啊,天空怎么能象太阳呢?“,原来 that 引导的定语从句被 in the sky这个地点状语分 隔开来,修饰中心词 stars 。在先行词与定语从句之间插入一个定语。eg:Do you remember one afternoon ten years ago when I came to your house and borrowed a diamond necklace?你还

3、记得吗,十年前的一天下午,我来到你家,找你借了一条钻石项链?when I came to your house and borrowed a diamond necklace实际上是修饰 afternoon 而不 是修饰 years 。 ten years ago 实际上是定语后置修饰 afternoon 。先行词与定语从句被谓语分隔开来。 此时, 先行词通常是句子的主语, 因定语从句较 长,主句谓语较短,为使句子平衡,常将定语从句移至谓语之后eg:A new master will come tomorrow who will teach you German.明天,新(男老师将来较你德语。

4、【语法难点精析之 besides,but,except,exept for,excepting,apart from的区别】(1 besides与 except前者表示除 . 以外,还有 . ;后者表示从整体中除去 . (2 except与 except fora .除去的和非除去的是同类事物,用 excepteg:All the essays are well written except Nelsons.Nelson 的文章(除去的和 All the essays(非除去的是同类事物,所以用 except . b .除去的和非除去的不是同类事物,用 except for,并且从语气上通常表

5、示遗憾. eg:His essay is well written except for a few spelling mistakes.a few spelling mistakes(除去的和 His essay(非除去的是不同类的事物.(3 apart from 具有多重意义:既可表示 besides ,也可以表示 exept 或 exept for,还可以 表示 without 的意思eg:Apart from the cost,it will take a lot of time.(=besidesThe orphan had no one to take care of him ap

6、art from his uncle.(=exceptHe has done good work,apart from a few slight faults.(=except forThere can be no knowledge apart from practice.实践出真知. (=without (4 excepting =except,但一般用于句首或用于 not , without , always 等词之后eg:Excepting his brother,they are all right.Everyone,not excepting myself,must share t

7、he blame.All of us,without excepting those who know more about the subject,should study.All my brothers com here every day,always excepting the youngest.(5 but 与 except 同义,但 but 多用在 every , any , no 等和由这些词构成的复合词如 everything , anywhere , nobody 等词以后及 all , none 之后eg:The children go to school everyday

8、 but Sunday.They are all gone but me.You can get the book anywhere but here.There is no one but me.Who but George would do such a thing?【语法难点之 too.to 结构表示肯定含义的情况】我们知道 too.to 结构一般表示否定含义 , 意为 太 . 以致于不能 eg:He is too old to work.但 too.to 在下列情况下却表示肯定含义 :当 too 前或 to 前有否定词构成双重否定时 .eg:English is not too dif

9、ficult to learn.英语并不太难学 .He is too wise not to see that.他很聪明 , 不会不懂这一点 .当 too 后是 glad, pleased, happy, delighted, satisfied, ready, willing, kind, apt, good, true, easy, near, careful, well, early, delicious, eager, anxious等形容词或副词时 .eg:They are too anxious to leave.他们急于离开 .He is too ready to help ot

10、hers.他总是乐于助人 .与这些词连用时 ,too 前还常加上 only,all,but,just,simply 等副词 , 意思不变 , 因为这些词加 上 too 后与 very 同义 .eg:Im only too glad to see you .见到你非常高兴 .They are but too pleased to hear the news.他们听到这个消息 , 非常高兴 .与 cannot 连用时 .eg:You cannot be too careful(=You can never be careful enough to do your homework.你做作业越仔细越

11、好 (=无论怎样仔细也不过分 .当不定式在句中作定语或真正的主语时 .eg:There are too many problems to be solved.有很多问题有待解决 .It is too much to say that he is a fool.【语法难点精析之 every 表示”每隔“的用法】 every other+单数名词”意思是“每隔一 . ”eg:every other day 每隔一天 every other tree 每隔一棵树“ every+基数词 +复数名词”或“ every+序数词 +单数名词”意思是“每隔 . ” (较英语 数词少一个eg:every thr

12、ee days=every third day 每隔两天(或者译为每三天因此 every two days=every other day 每隔一天(或者译为每两天“ every few+复数名词”意思是“每隔几 . ”eg:every few days(每隔几天【语法难点精析之 alive 、 live 、 living 和 lively 的用法】 lively 有“活泼的、快活的、生动的”等意思,可以指人或物,可作定语或标语; 但它没有“活着的”意思,而其他三个都有。eg:Young children are usually lively.小孩子们通常是活泼的。He told a very

13、 lively story.他讲了一个生动的故事。 alive 、 live 、 living 都有“活的、有生命的”意思,与 dead 意义相反。但 live 通常只 作前置定语,且一般用于动物; alive 、 living 不仅可作定语(alive 只能置于名词后; living 一般置于名词前,也可置于名词后 ,也可以作表语。eg:This is a live(=living fish.(=This is a fish alive.这是一条活鱼。 (指动物,且作定语时,三者均可用Whos the greatest man alive(=living man?谁是当今最伟大的人物?(指人

14、,不能用 live The fish is still alive(=living那条鱼还活着。 (指动物作表语时不能用 live 。 living 主要指在某个时候是活着的,而 alive 指本来有死的可能,但仍活着的。而且, 作主语补足语或宾语补足语时,只能用 alive ;作比喻义(如“活像 . ” 、 “活生生的”等解 时,要用 living 。eg:The enemy officer was caught alive.(作主语补足语,不用 living 那位敌方军官被活捉了。We found the snake alive.(作宾语补足语,不用 living He is the li

15、ving image of his father.(比喻义,不用 alive 他活象他父亲。只有 living 前加 the 方可表示“活着的人” ,作主语时,视作复数。 eg:The living are more important to us than the dead.活着的人对我们来说比死去的人更重要。【语法难点精析之含义因有无冠词而迥异的短语】at play 在玩at the play 在看戏behind time 迟到behind the times 落在时代后by day 在白天by the day 按日计算by sea 乘船by the sea 在海边in front of

16、在 .(外面的 前面in the front of 在 .(内部的前面 in charge of 看护 , 负责in the charge of 由 . 看护 , 由 . 负责in secret 秘密地 (作状语 in the secret 知道内情 (作表语 in course of 在 . 过程中 (作表语 后置定语 in the course of 在 . 期间 (作状语 in red 穿着红衣服in the red 负债 , 赤字of age 成年of an age (岁数 同年on fire 着火on the fire 在考虑中on occasion 不时地 ; 必要时on the

17、occasion 在那时out of question 毫无疑问out of the question 不可能to death 十分to the death 到最后five of us 我们中的五人 (部分 the five of us 我们五个人 (全部 a yellow and white cat 一只黄白相间的猫a yellow and a white cat 一只黄猫和一只白猫in a faimly way 象一家人一样in the family way 怀孕die of cold 冻死die of a cold 感冒而死have words with 与 . 争吵have a wor

18、d with 与 . 略谈keep house 管理家务keep the house 守在家里take rest 就寝take a reat 休息一下take place 发生take the place of 代替【语法难点精析之与 -ly 副词同义的介词短语】in angry= angrilyin despair= desparinglyin admiration= admiringlyin common = commonlyin fact = acruallyin fear = fearfullyin fairness = fairlyin fun = funnilyin grief =

19、 grievouslyin joke = jokinglyin line = lineallyin mercy = mercifullyin public = publiclyin silence =silentlyin spite =spitefullyin sorrow =sorrily/sorrowfullyin surprise =surprisedlywith a smile =smilinglywith satisfaction = satisfactorilywith attention =attentivelywith care =carefullywith courage =

20、courageouslywith difficult =difficultlywith emphasis = emphaticallywith fascination =fascinatinglywith grace =gracefullywith joy = joyfullywith pride =proudlywith pleasure =pleasantlywith warmth =warmlyout of breath =breathlessly【语法难点精析之用 to do还是 of doing作后置定语】不同的名词 , 对这两种后置定语的选择是有区别的 , 有的只能用 to do,

21、有的只可用 of doing,有的两种都可以 . 现分述如下 : will, willingness, suggestion, conclusion, decision, permission, agreement, refusal, determination, proposal, resolution等 , 一般用不定式作后置定语 .eg: Mary has the will to win the first prize.(不用 of winning 玛丽有获得一等奖的决心. He has drawn a conclusion to go abroad with his family.(不

22、用 of winning 他已作出了携家去国外的决定. hope, risk, possibility, impossibility, probability, intention, prospect, responsiblility, aim 等, 一般只能用 of doing 作后置定语. eg: In fact,tere is no hope of their winning the game. 事实上,他们没有希望赢得这场比赛.(不能说 for them to win He will run the risk of losing his life to save the child.

23、他将冒生命危险去救那个孩子. way, chance, need, necessity, right, freedom, power, opportunity,ability 等,既可用不定式 短语,又可用 of doing 短语作后置定语. eg: Their chance to go(of ging abroad was lost. 他们失去了出国的机会. He has the right to do (of doing that. 他有权那样做. 【语法难点精析之用 to do 还是 of doing 作后置定语】 不同的名词,对这两种后置定语的选择是有区别的,有的只能用 to do,有

24、的只可用 of doing, 有的两种都可以.现分述如下: will, willingness, suggestion, conclusion, decision, permission, agreement, refusal, determination, proposal, resolution 等,一般用不定式作后置定语. eg: Mary has the will to win the first prize.(不用 of winning 玛丽有获得一等奖的决心. He has drawn a conclusion to go abroad with his family.(不用 of

25、 winning 他已作出了携家去国外的决定. hope, risk, possibility, impossibility, probability, intention, prospect, responsiblility, aim 等, 一般只能用 of doing 作后置定语. eg: In fact,tere is no hope of their winning the game. 事实上,他们没有希望赢得这场比赛.(不能说 for them to win He will run the risk of losing his life to save the child. 他将冒生命危险去救那个孩子. way, chance, need, necessity, right, freedom, power, opportunity,ability 等,既可用不定式 短语,又可用 of doing 短语作后置定语. eg: Their chance to go(of ging abroad was lost. 他们失去了出国的机会. He has the right to do (of doing that. 他有权那样做. 6