1、借鉴语流现象连读加音爆破同化省音弱读解析连读、加音、爆破、同化、省音、弱读、浊化英语常见语流现象1. 连读:两个相邻单词首尾音素自然的拼读在一起,中间不停顿,被称为连读。连读只发生在同一意群之内,即意思联系紧密的短语或从句之内。1)词尾辅音+词首元音,如:Standup.Notatall.Putiton, please.Please pickitup.ImanEnglish boy.Itisanold book.Let me havea lookatit.Ms Black worked inanoffice.I called you halfanhourago.2)词尾不发音r或re+词首元音
2、,词尾r发音/r/。如:farawayHereis a letter for you.Hereare foureggs.whereis my cup?Whereare your brotherand sister?Theyre my fatherand mother.I looked forit hereand there.Thereis a football underit.Thereare some books on the desk.注:当有意群进行停顿时不可连读。如:Isit a hat ora cat?(hat 与or 之间不可以连读)Thereisa good book in my
3、 desk. (book 与in 之间不可以连读)Can you speakEnglish or French? (English 与or 之间不可以连读)Shall we meet ateight or ten tomorrow morning? (meet 与 at,eight 与or 之间不可以连读)She opened the door and walkedin. (door 与and 之间不可以连读)2. 加音:在连贯的语流中,人们往往会在两个元音之间加入一个外加音帮助发音,从而更加流畅地表达意思。1)词尾元音/,u:/+词首元音,在词尾加上一个轻微的/w/。如:Go w away.
4、How w and why did you come here?The question is too w easy for him to answer.2)词尾元音/,i:/+词首元音,在词尾加上一个轻微的/j/。如:I j am Chinese.She cant carry j it.I j also need the j other one.He j is very friendly to me.She wants to study j English.Itll take you three j hours to walk there.3. 失去爆破与不完全爆破:1)失去爆破:爆破音+爆
5、破音当两个爆破音/p,b,t,d,k,g/相邻时,前一个爆破音只按其发音部位做好发音口形、形成阻碍,而不爆破出来,稍微停顿后即发出后面的辅音。前一个爆破音被称为失去爆破。失去爆破产生的原因大体上是由于省力原则造成的。如:Kept/Blackboard/Notebook/Goodbye/September/SuitcaseBig boySharp pencilWhat timeYou must pay.Ask Bob to sit behind me.She took good care of the children.2)不完全爆破:A)爆破音+摩擦音爆破音/p,b,t,d,k,g/与摩擦音/
6、f,v,s,z,r,h/相邻时,产生不完全爆破。发摩擦音时,发音器官并不形成阻碍而只形成一个很狭小的缝隙,让气流从缝隙中摩擦而出。如果一个爆破音与摩擦音相接,它爆破冲出的气流只能从狭小的缝隙中通过,这种爆破是不完全的。失去爆破产生的原因大体上是由于省力原则造成的。如:Advance/SuccessA good viewOld friendsJust thenGet throughMake sureNight showKeep silence.Keep that in mind.B)爆破音+破擦音爆破音与破擦音/t,d,tr,dr/相邻时,产生不完全爆破。如:Picture/ObjectThat
7、 childGood jobSweet dreamGreat changesA fast trainC)爆破音+鼻辅音爆破音与鼻辅音/m,n,/相邻时:在词中,不完全爆破;在词尾,鼻腔爆破。如:Utmost/Admit/Midnight/Certain/Button/GardenGood morningGood nightStart nowI dont knowJust momentA good neighborD)爆破音+边辅音爆破音与边辅音/l/相邻时:在词中,不完全爆破;在词尾,舌侧爆破。如:Lately/Badly/Mostly/FriendlyA bit louderId like
8、toStraight lineGood luckAt lastAt lunch4. 同化:人们在说话的时往往会不自觉地让一个音受相邻音的影响,使它们变得与其相同或相似;或者两个音互相影响,变为第三个音。这两种现象被称为音的同化。同化可以发生在同一个词、复合词内或者句子相邻词之间。1)因声带的影响而发生的同化: A)浊辅音可变为清辅音,如:of(vf) course,his(zs) pen,with() pleasure。B)清辅音可变为浊辅音,如:like(kg) that。2)因发音部位的影响而发生的同化:A)/t/+/j/t/。如:Dont hurt yourself!Ill let yo
9、u go this time.Dont you do that again.Its very nice to meet you.B)/d/+/j/d/。如:Did your sister come?Would you please come in?Could you read this for me please?You didnt like English, did you?C)/s/+/j/。如:I miss you.May God bless you.We will come this year.D)/z/+/j/。如:Heres your ticket.I love you becau
10、se you are you.Dont expect he tells you the truth.5. 省音:在快速、随便的言语中,一些音素被省略掉,被称为省音。省音能提高语速,使说话省力。在正式场合和语速慢的情况下,省音不是必须的。1)同一单词内元音的省略,主要是非重读音节中的/和/,如:ord(i)n(a)ry。2)当前一单词以辅音结尾,后一单词以/开头时,/常被省略,如:walk (a)way。3)当前一单词以否定形式-nt结尾,后一单词以辅音开头时,/t/常被忽略,如:She isn(t) there.I didn(t) hear you.He can(t) believe that
11、. 4)任何一个辅音,若后面紧跟着/h/,/h/可以不发音。如:Come (h)ere! Must (h)e /ti/ go?What will (h)e /wili/do?Has (h)e done it before?Tell (h)im to ask (h)er5)将多个单词利用连读爆破等拼和在一起。如:gotta(got to)gonna(going to)kinda(kind of)lotsa(lots of)gimme(give me)6. 强读式和弱读式:在一个句子,有些词说得又轻又快,而且较为含糊,有些词则说得又重又慢,而且较为清晰。那些说得响亮而清晰的词就是句子重音所在。实词
12、(包括名词、实义动词、形容词、副词、数词疑问词等)一般都接受句子重音,为重读词,采用强读式;虚词(包括介词、代词、连词、冠词、助动词、情态动词等功能词)一般都不接受句子重音,为非重读词,采用弱读式。6.1 一般规律:1)弱读式只出现在句子的非重读词中。如:Pass me/m/ the/ book. me、the弱读。2)单词单独出现或在句首或句尾时,都采用强读式。如:What are you listening to/tu:/?3)被特别强调的词,无论实词还是虚词都采用强读式。如:I am/m/ Peter. 我就是皮特。6.2 虚词弱读规律:1)长音变短音,如:she/i:/弱读/。2)元音
13、前面的辅音被省略,如:him/hm/弱读/m/。3)辅音前面的元音被省略,如:am/m/弱读/m/。4)元音一般弱读为/,如:can/kn/弱读/kn/。5)部分虚词有多种弱读式,如:would/wd/弱读/d,d/。7. 浊化:1)/s/ 后面的清辅音要浊化。 如:/k/浊化成/g/: scar/school/discussion/t/浊化成/d/: stand/student/mistake/p/浊化成/b/: spring/spirit/expression2)美音中,当/t/出现在两个元音之间并且处于非重读位置的时候,/t/需要浊化成一个近似于/d/的音。这样,writer听起来和ri
14、der 的发音几乎没有区别。如:Letter/water/better/duty/bitter/cityI got it.Would you please pick it up?注:/t/如果处于重读位置的话,即使在两个元音之间也不需要浊化。请比较:清晰的/t/ 浊化的/t/Italian Italyatomic atomLatino Latinphotographer photograph3)美音中,当/t/前面是一个元音,后面是一个模糊的/l/,且处于非重读位置,/t/也需要浊化成一个近似于/d/的音。如:Battle/bottle/cattle/little/rattle/settle4
15、) 美音中,当/t/前面是一个清辅音或前鼻音/n/,后面是一个元音,且处于非重读位置,/t/也需要浊化成一个近似于/d/的音。如:Twenty/fifty/center/after/faster/actor/sister/yesterday朗读练习:1.There are many things to consider when you are looking for a house, whether you intend to buy or only rent. After all, it is going to be your home, perhaps for quite a long time, and you want to
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