高中高二英语期末复习二.docx

1、高中高二英语期末复习二 期末复习二【要点归纳】【重点句型归纳】1. Once.2. It is certain that.3. so倒装句4. not only.but also.5. either.or./neither.nor.6. be used to7. have + been + doing8. in order to9. upon10. so that11. it is time【重点语法归纳】1. 名词性从句2. 宾语补足语3. 主谓一致4. 直接引语和间接引语5. 情态动词6. 被动语态【重点句型讲解】1. Once表示“一旦就”，引导时间状语从句,表示时间上的两个动作或两件事

2、彼此紧接着发生,同时带有条件意味。若从句中的主语与主句主语相同,且谓语中含有be时,可以省略从句的主语和be。如: Once you have taken the examination, you will be able to relax. 你一旦考完试就可以轻松一下。Once lose confidence, you can never expect to do your work well.如果你一旦失去信心,就别想做好工作。Once the water begins to boil, the temperature will never rise.一旦水开了,水温就不会再升高了。Onc

3、e (it is) found, any mistake must be corrected.一旦发现任何错误就必须加以改正。2. It is certain that 一定, 肯定It is certain that we shall succeed. 我们一定会成功。It is certain that things will change事物要变化这是肯定的。It is almost certain that the present government will lose the next election几乎可以肯定的是现任政府将会在下届选举中落选。3. so倒装句 so+连系动词（

4、情态动词或助动词）+另一主语 这一句型是主谓倒装结构，表示另一主语与前面所陈述的某人的动作或情况有着相同的肯定概念，其中so代表了上文句中所陈述的动作或状态，表示“也是这样”，“也是如此”，如：I was at Center School last year. And so was my friend Bob. 我去年是在中心学校学习。我的朋友Bob也是。I study in this school and so does my brother. 我在这所学校学习，我的弟弟也是如此。so+人称代词(同一主语)+连系动词（情态动词或助动词）这种结构中的主谓是正常语序，用以重述前面的动作或情况，以

5、表示说话人对前面或对方所说的情况赞同或证实，语气较强，如：Youve dropped a word here. Yes, so I have. 你这儿掉了个词。噢，是的。（You 和I 是一个人。） Tom hopes to become a teacher. So he does. Tom希望当名教师。 他确有此意。（he就是Tom） 4. not only.but also.不仅而且not only.but also.的用法应注意以下六点：not onlybut also 应连接两个相对称的并列成分。如： Not only Mr. Lin but also his son joined t

6、he Party two years ago. （连接两个主语） 不仅是林先生，还有他的儿子都在两年前加入了共产党。I not only play tennis but also practise shooting. （连接两个谓语动词） 我不仅打网球还练习射击。He plays not only the piano but also the violin. （连接两个宾语） 他不仅弹钢琴还拉小提琴。They speak English not only in class but also in the dormitory. （连接两个地点状语） 他们不仅在教室里说英语在宿舍里也说。She n

7、ot only sings well but also dances beautifully. = She doesnt only sing well but also dances beautifully. 她不仅歌唱得好，舞跳得也优美。not onlybut also 连接两个分句，并且 not only 位于句首时，第一个分句中的主语和谓语要部分倒装。如： Not only does the sun give us light but also it gives us heat. 太阳不仅给我们光还给了我们热。Not only did he speak English correctly

8、, but also he speaks it fluently. 他英语不仅说得准确还说得很流利。Not only is this young man clever but also he is hardworking. 这个年轻人不仅聪明还很用功。not onlybut also 不能用在否定句中。如： 误： They dont fear not only hardship but also death. 正： They fear neither hardship nor death. 正： They dont fear either hardship or death. 他们不怕困难也不

9、怕死。not onlybut also 连接两个主语时，谓语动词要和与其最近的主语保持人称和数的一致。如： Not only the students but also the teacher was against the plan. / Not only the teacher but also the students were against the plan. 不仅是老师反对这个计划，学生也反对。 not onlybut also 中的 not only 不能分开使用，但 but also 却可以分开使用。如： The area was not only hit by an unex

10、pected heavy rain, but some bridges were also washed away. 这个地区不仅遭受了暴雨的袭击，一些桥也被冲毁了。not onlybut also 连接两个并列成分时，可以省略 but 或 also ，也可以把 but also 都省略掉。如： I not only heard it but （ also ） saw it. 我不仅听到了还看到了。He was not only compelled to stay at home, （ but ） also forbidden to see his friend. 他不仅被强迫呆在家里，还不允

11、许见朋友。She not only finished the task ahead of time, （ but also ） she came to help us.她不仅提前完成了任务，还来帮助我们。5. either.or./neither.nor. neithernor “既不也不” ，连接主语时，谓语动词要与离谓语最近的主语保持人称和数的一致，同时它要修饰对等成分，它的反义词是bothand。eitheror“或者或者” ，“要么要么”，连接主语时，谓语的数由离它最近的主语决定，它也要修饰对等成分。如：Im considering to buy my niece a Christma

12、s present, either a dictionary or an encyclopedia.我在考虑给我侄女买一样圣诞礼物，不是词典就是百科全书。Either comrade Li or I am to meet them at the station.不是李同志就是我要去车站见他们。You can either stay or leave.你可以要么留在这儿要么离开。Either you are wrong or he is (wrong).要么是你错了，要么就是他错了。Neither my father nor I like to watch TV.我父亲不喜欢看电视，我也不喜欢。

13、（我父亲和我都不喜欢看电视。）She is neither fat nor thin.她既不胖也不瘦。I have neither called nor written to him.我既没打电话给他也没写信给他。I have neither time nor money to travel.我既没时间也没钱出去旅行。6. be used toused to do(动词) 过去曾经做过某事 be used to do 被用来做某事 be used to(介词) to doing 习惯于做某事 如:Jack used to assist Mary in her lessons. 杰克过去常常帮助

14、玛丽学习功课。 Women used to think they were on the shelf at 30. 过去女人一到30岁就认为是过了结婚年龄。I used to get up early and take an hours walk before breakfast. 我过去常常起床很早并且在早餐前散步一小时。 I used to live in here.我以前住在这里。 Coal is mostly used to produce electricity. 煤主要用来发电。This kind of wood can be used to make shelves.这种木材可以

15、做书架。Are you used to the food here? 你习惯吃这儿的饭菜吗？ Im used to reading in the coffee house. 我习惯了在咖啡馆里看书。 Im used to it.我习惯它了。 Youll get used to it. 你会习惯的。 He is used to eating out all the time. 他已经习惯在外面吃饭了。 I weigh less than I used to. 我的体重比以前轻了。7. have + been + doing现在完成进行时 形式：have (has)+been+现在分词，以work

16、为例： 肯定式： I /You/We have been working.He/She/It has been working. 否定式： I/You/We/have not been working.He/She/It/has not been working. 疑问式： Have I/You/We working?Has/he/she/it been working? 用法 现在完成进行时表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在的动作。现在这个动作可能刚刚终止,也可能仍在进行。I have been sitting here all afternoon. 我在这儿坐了一下午了。 How lon

17、g has it been raining? 雨下了多久了? They have been fighting for independence since 1960s. 他们从60年代以来一直为独立而斗争。现在完成进行时和现在完成时的区别1)现在完成进行时一般强调过去发生的动作现在仍在继续。 现在完成时强调过去发生的动作现在已经完成或表示曾经发生过。I have been writing an article. 我一直在写一篇文章。(仍在) I have written an article. 我已写好一篇文章。(已完成) I have been reading that book since

18、 last week. 上周以来，我一直在读那本书。(还在读) I have read that book before. 以前我曾读过那本书。(动作在过去曾经发生过) 2) 现在完成进行时表示刚刚结束的动作，强调动作在不久前持续进行，带有感情色彩。 现在完成时表示已经结束的动作，强调动作的结果。Where have you been? We have been looking for you everywhere. 你到哪里去了?我们到处在找你。(表示刚刚结束的动作) We have looked for him, but havent found him.我们找过他，但没有找到他。(表示动

19、作已结束，强调动作的结果) 3) 现在完成进行时表示现在以前的这段时间内反复发生的事情。All these years they have been contributing articles to our magazine. 这些年来，他们一直为我们杂志写稿。We have been seeing quite a lot of each other recently. 最近我们常常见面。8. in order to为了常用来引导目的状语从句。如：I got up early in order to catch the first bus.我早起为了赶上第一班公共汽车。He works har

20、d in order to succeed.他为了成功努力工作。in order that也可用来引导目的状语从句。如：I lent him 5 pounds in order that he might buy the book. 我借给他5英镑以便让他买这本书。9. upon当的时候, 在后立即。可以和On替换使用。相当于as soon as。如：Upon/On whose authority are you putting these posters here? 你们得到谁的许可在这儿贴广告?Upon/On hearing the news, I changed my plans. (=

21、 As soon as I heard the news, I changed my plans.)一听到这个消息，我就改变了计划。Upon/On seeing him, I ran away.(=As soon as I see him, I ran away.)一看到他我就跑了。10. so thatso that引导目的状语从句，表示“为的是”，“以便”He spoke at the top of his voice, so that everybody could hear him. 他大声说话，以便让每个人听见他。He got up early so that he could ca

22、tch the first bus. 他早早地起床为的是赶首班车。一般来说，so that 引导目的状语从句，, 但也可以引导表示结果的状语从句，表示“以至于”。如：They hurried me so that I forgot to bring my key. 他们催我致使我忘了带钥匙。They missed the bus so that they were late for class.他们错过了公共汽车以至于上课迟到了。In his fury he threw the stone stables upon the ground so that they were broken. 他大

23、怒之下，便把那些石匾扔到地上，摔破了。11. it is time表示“该是的时候了”。结构通常哪个有三种：Its time to do sth. 做某事的时间到了Its time for sb. to do sth. 某人做某事的时间到了It is time (about time, high time) that . 该句型中that 后的从句应该用虚拟语气,值得注意的是常用过去时态表示虚拟有时也用should + 动词原形，should不能省。常译为“是（正是）的时侯”。 如：It is time to go to school. 上学的时间到了。It is time for you t

24、o go to school.你上学的时间到了。It is time to say goodbye.再见的时间到了。It is time that children should go to bed. = It is time that children went to bed.孩子睡觉的时间到了。【语法专项讲解】名词性从句在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句 (Noun Clauses)。 名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等。名词性从句：包括主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。引导名词性从句的连词有：who; whom; whose;

25、what; which;when;where; why ;how; that; if ;whether; whatever; whenever; wherever; however 等。名词性从句注意事项：从句的语序为陈述句；连词that不充当任何成分；what总是要充当主语、表语、宾语等。If和whether 的区别：if引导宾语从句和条件状语从句；whether引导主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。一、主语从句：用作主语的从句，叫主语从句。主语从句可以直接放在句首；也可用it作形式主语，而将从句放在句末。常见的用it作形式主语的复合结构：It is +名词that 从句；It is

26、+形容词that从句；It is +过去分词that 从句； It +不及物动词that 从句；What you need is more practice.(what在从句中作need的宾语)你所需要的就是多锻炼.What is hard is to do good all ones life and never do anything bad.（ what在从句中作主语）一个人想一辈子只做好事从不做坏事是很难的。What he will be in the future is known to us.（what在从句中作be的表语）他将来会是什么样我们是知道的。Who will go ma

27、kes no difference. 谁去都一样，没啥区别。How this happened is not clear. 这是怎么发生的还不清楚。Why he did that wasnt quite clear. 他为什么那样做不是太清楚。Whether she will join us wont make too much difference. (此处不能用if)她是否加入我们是没什么区别的。Whoever comes will be welcome. (whoever 在名词性从句中相当于anyone who )任何人来都欢迎。Whatever she did was right.（

28、whatever在名词性从句中相当于anything that）不管她做什么都是对的。It is possible that I may not be able to come.（it是形式主语，真正的主语是划线部分）我有可能来不了。二、表语从句：用作表语的从句叫表语从句。它位于连系动词（如be，seem，remain等后）The question is whether we should accept their invitation.问题是我们是否应该接受他们的邀请。The city is no longer what it used to be. 这个城市不再是以前那个样子了。This

29、is why we put off the meeting. （why表结果）这就是为什么我们推迟会议的原因了。That is because he was ill. (because表原因) 那是因为他病了。The reason for his absence was that he was ill. (此处不能用because代替that. 句型：The reasonis that)他缺席的原因是他生病了。As if 引导的表语从句有时可用虚拟语气，表示可能性小。He acted as if he hadnt eaten for a long time.他表现就好像他没有吃那么长时间似的。表示建议，命令，要求一类的表语从句要用虚拟语气：My suggestion is that you should practise reading English every day.我的建议就是你