英语口译速记符号.docx

1、英语口译速记符号速记符号主要有以下几类 :A：保留大写字母或第一音节经济： E 教育： Edu 文化： C 政治： P 科技： ST 卫生： H旅游： T 环境： En 工业： I 农业： AB：简写缩略AFAC ： as far as is concerned( 就 而言 )LFT ： look forward to ( 期待 )ASAP ： as soon as possible( 尽快 )C ：图象 高兴，同意，满意等，如： happy ， pleased ， satisfied ， agree 悲伤，生气，不满，不同意等，如：sad ， angry ， irritated ， unsa

2、tisfied ， sorrowful ， discomfort ， disagree 会议，如 conference ， meeting ， seminar ， symposium 国家，地区，如：中国： C ，俄国： RD 符号高兴，男性，同意，增加等，如 happy ， male ， agree ， many ， +2=more ， +3=most ， beneficial ， good ， beautiful ， great ， gorgeous悲伤，女性，不同意，减少等，如 sad ， female ， disagree ， little ， few ， -2=less ， -3=l

3、east ， lack of ， short of同意，正确等，如： agree ， correct ， right不同意，错误等，如： disagree ， incorrect增长，进步等，如： increase ， soar ， mushroom ， rocket ， make progress下降，退步，恶化等，如 decrease ， sink ， slide ， subside ， plump ， plunge ， drop ， degrade ，deteriorate多于，超过，比 低一级等，如： more than ， greater than ， begger than ， b

4、etter than ， superior to ， surpass ， transcend ， overtake少于，比 低级等，如： less than ， lower than ， smaller than ， inferior to大约，如： approximately ， about ， around ， some ， nearly ， almost ， similar to否定，清除，如： clear ， settle ， solve ， tackle ， conquer ， eliminate ， extinct与 不同，如： differ from ， different fr

5、om ， distinct ， unique$ 金钱，利益，如： interest ， benefit ， money ， fund ， capitalE 标点? 问题，麻烦，障碍，如： question ， issue ， difficult ， hardship ， barrier ， obstacle: 主观想法和说辞，如： think ， consider ， speak ， say ， talk ， mark ， announce ， declare ， hope ，例： repeat 或 reaffirm 可以用 :2 来替代，声明支持可以用 + ：来替代，谴责用 - ：。表时间前

6、后，如去年。 y ，明年 y 。，后天 d 。，前天。 d ，两周后 w 。；Note-taking symbols and abbreviations for your reference:Abbreviations in Note takingUse only the abbreviations that fit your needs and that you will remember easily. A good idea is tointroduce only a few abbreviations into your note taking at a time.Symbols he

7、lpful in math - these are commonly used in texts and references.S = sumf = frequencyLeave out periods in standard abbreviations.cf = comparee.g. = exampledept = departmentUse only the first syllable of a word.pol = politicsdem = democracylib = liberalcap = capitalismUse entire first syllable and onl

8、y 1st letter of 2nd syllable.pres = presentationsubj = subjectind = individualcons = conservativeEliminate final letters. Use just enough of the word to form a recognizable abbreviation.assoc = associatebiol = biologyinfo = informationach = achievementchem = chemistrymax = maximumintro = introductio

9、nconc = concentrationmin = minimumrep = repetitionOmit vowels, retain only enough consonants to give a recognizable skeleton of the word.ppd = preparedprblm = problemestmt = estimatebkgd = backgroundgvt = governmentUse an apostrophe in place of letters.amt = amountcontd = continuedgovt = governmente

10、ducatl = educationalForm the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding s.chpts = chaptersegs = examplesfs = frequenciesintros = introductionsUse g to represent ing endings.ckg = checkingestg = establishingdecrg = decreasingexptg = experimentingSpell out short words such as in, at, to, but, fo

11、r, and key.Abbreviations or symbols for short words will make the notes too dense with shorthand.Leave out unimportant words.Leave out the words a and the.If a term, phrase, or name is written out in full during the lecture, substitute initials whenever theterm, phrase, or name is used again. For ex

12、ample, Center for Aerospace Sciences becomes CASthereafter.Use symbols for commonly recurring connective or transitional words.& = andw/ = withw/o = withoutvs = against = therefore= = is or equalUse technical symbols where applicable.zb = German, for exampleibid = Latin, the same worko = degreesH2O

13、= waterMore reference:Use standard maths, accounting, and science symbols. Examples:+ plus/ parallelUse standard abbreviations and leave out full stops. Examples:eg exampleIT dept Information Technology departmentUK United KingdomUse only the first syllable of a word. Examples:mar marketingcus custo

14、mercli clientUse the entire first syllable and the first letter of the second syllable. Examples:subj subjectbudg budgetind individualTo distinguish among various forms of the same word, use the first syllable of the word, anapostrophe, and the ending of the word. Examples:techgy technologygenion ge

15、neralisationdely deliveryUse just enough of the beginning of a word to form a recognisable abbreviation. Examples:assoc associatedach achievementinfo informationOmit vowels from the middle of words, retaining only enough consonants to provide arecognisable skeleton of the word. Examples:bkgd backgro

16、undmvmt movementprblm problemForm the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding s. Examples:custs customersfs frequencies/s ratiosUse g to represent ing endings. Examples:decrg decreasingckg checkingestblg establishingSpell out, rather than abbreviate short words. Examples:inbutaskeyLeave out

17、 unimportant verbs. Examples:iswaswereLeave out unnecessary articles. Examples:aantheIf a term, phrase, or name is initially written out in full during the talk or meeting, initials can besubstituted whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. Example:January Advertising Campaign Budget JACBUs

18、e symbols for common connective or transition words. Examples: at2 to4 for& andw/ withw/o withoutvs againstCreate your own set of abbreviations and symbols. You may wish to develop separate sets ofsymbols and abbreviations for different courses or subjects.Other Symbols and Abbreviationsas a result

19、of / consequences of resulting in -and / also +equal to / same as =following ffmost importantly *less than especially esp/一、缩略词 英语当中缩略词使用的频率很高，如IMP: important, ASAP: as soon as possible。很显然如果能熟练掌握缩略词，会对考试大有裨益。缩略词的写法一般为四种方式：F 拿掉所有元音MKT: marketMGR: managerMSG: messageSTD: standardRCV: receiveF 保留前几个字母

20、INFO informationINS insuranceEXCH exchangeI owe you IOUIn stead of I/OF 保留开头和结尾个发音字母WK weekRM roomPL peopleF 根据发音R areTHO thoughTHRU through高级口译听力常用英语缩略词表缩略词 原词APT ApartmentACC AccountantACDG AccordingACPT AcceptAD AdvertisementADS AddressADV AdviceAMAP As much/many as possibleAMT AmountAPV ApproveA

21、SAP As soon as possibleBAL BalanceBLDG BuildingCERT CertificateCFM ConformCNCL CancelCNF ConferenceCMI CommissionCMP CompleteCMPE Compete/competitiveCMU CommunicationCONC Concern/concerning/concernedCOND ConditionCO. CompanyDEPT DepartmentDISC DiscountDPT DepartureEXCH ExchangeEXPLN ExplainEXT Exten

22、tFLT FlightFNT FinalFRT FreightFYR For your referenceGD GoodGUAR GuaranteeH.O. Home officeINFO InformationIMPS ImpossibleIMP(T) ImportantINCD IncludeINDIV IndividualINS InsuranceINTST InterestedI/O In stead ofIOU I owe youIVO In view ofMANUF ManufactureMDL ModelMEMO MemorandumMGR MangerMIN MinimumMK

23、T MarketMSG MessageNCRY NecessaryNLT No later thanOBS ObserveOBT ObtainORD OrdinaryPAT PatentPC PiecePKG PackingPL PeoplePLS PleasePOSN PositionPOSS(BL) PossiblePROD ProductQLTY QualityQUTY QuantityRCV ReceiveREF ReferenceREGL RegularREP RepresentativeRESN ReservationRPT RepeatRESPON ResponsibleSEC

24、SectionSITN SituationSTD StandardTEL TelephoneTEMP TemporaryTGM TelegraphTHO ThoughTKS ThanksTRD TradeTRF TrafficTTL TotalU YouUR YourWK WeekWL WillWT WeightXL Extra large二、字母、图像 Z 表示人people/person，因为Z看上去像个人头，它通常被写在一个词或符号的右上角。例如：日本人：JZ。C 表示政府，统治：government，govern 希腊字母C 读/ga:ma/,近似government, 所以就用C 来

25、表示govern, government。governmental official 可以表示为 CZP 表示政治：politics, political 希腊字母P 读/pai/,近似politics, political。那么politician 就可以表示为 PZE 表示总数：total, totally, entire, entirely, on the whole, all in all, to sum up, ect. E 数学符号表示总值。G 表示效率：efficient, effective。G 为效率符号。Q 表示通货膨胀：inflation 因为这个符号酷似一个上升的气球。

26、A 表示农业: agriculture. agriculture 经常用到，所以用首字母代替。B 表示商业：business。C 表示冲突，矛盾：conflict， confrontation C中的表示反对，字母C将反对的概念缩小为conflict 和 confrontation。W 表示工作，职业: work, employ 等。它是work 的第一个字母。所以WZ 就可以用来表示worker, 而W(Z 在字母上方表示employer, 在字母下方表示employee)。i 表示工业: industry, industrial 字母i 像只烟囱，所以用来可以用来表示工业。U U 看酷似一

27、个酒杯，在笔记中表示合同、协议（treaty, agreement）一般只有在谈判成功、协议成交后才会表示举杯祝贺。如果在U 内填入2，就可以表示为bilateral（双边的）,填入3 表示为trilateral(三边的)。填入在U 中填入1 表示: Unilateralism（单边主义），填入m(multiple) 表示多边主义。如果在U 上加一个/表示谈判破裂。O 表示国家、民族、领土等：country, state, nation, etc.gO 表示进口，Og 表示出口这个符号酷似一把椅子，可以表示主持、主办：chair, host, preside over。那么在此符号上加Z 表示

28、主席，主持人：chairman, host, etc.T 表示领导人：leader, head 那么head of government, head of company 便可以表示为 CT 圆圈表示一个圆桌，中间一点表示一盆花，这个符号就可以表示会议、开会等：meeting，conference， negotiation，seminar，discussion，symposiumk 这个符号看上像条鱼，所以表示捕鱼业等合fishery 有关的词汇。O 圆圈代表地球，横线表示赤道，所以这个符号就可以表示国际的、世界的、全球的等:international, worldwide, global,

29、universal, etc.J 表示开心：pleasant, joyful，happy，excited, etc.L 表示不满、生气unsatisfied, discomfort, angry, sad, etc.EO 表示听到、总所周之：as we all know, as is known to all, as you have already heard of, etc.O 表示漠不关心、无动于衷：indifferent, apathetic, unconcern, dont care much, etc.三、箭头 g 表示到达、传达：go into，arrive at，give to

30、，send to，present to etc.表示导致、引导：lead to, result in, in the direction of, etc.表示屈服：submit tof 表示来自于：be/come from，return，receive from, etc.表示追溯到：come/go back to，originateh 表示上升：up/upward/rise，increase，arise，ascend, etc.表示发射、投放市场、发行：launch，open, start, etc.表示发展、加强、推进：develop，strengthen， promote, etc表示波折：ups and downs, twists and turns, etc.四、数学符号 + 表示多: many, lots of, a great deal of, a good many of, etc.+(+2) 表示多的比较级：more+3