托福口语讲义扫盲课.docx

1、托福口语讲义扫盲课第一章 关于托福口语1. 考试概况及题型介绍2. 评分标准3. 参加托福口语考试所需的八大能力第二章 托福口语解题技巧1. 任务一（独立）: 自由选择 2. 任务二（独立）: 二选一 3. 任务三（综合）: 校园声明 / 观点和原因 4. 任务四（综合）: 学术概念 / 抽象到具体 5. 任务五（综合）: 学生对话/问题和解决方案 6. 任务六（综合）: 学术话题 / 摘要 第三章 托福口语练习题1. 托福口语练习题（一）2. 托福口语练习题（二）3. 托福口语练习题（三）4. 托福口语练习题（四）5. 托福口语练习题（五）第一章 关于托福口语考试概况及题型介绍概况：考生需要

2、在大约20分钟的时间内回答6个问题目的：测试学生在北美学术环境下的英语口语能力内容：北美校园生活以及各类学术讲座具体：第 1、2 题是独立口语题要求考生就某一话题阐述自己的观点，其中第 1 题是自由选择，第 2 题是二选一 。学生有 15 秒钟时间准备，45 秒作答。第 3、4 题是综合口语题，题目要求考生首先在45 秒内阅读一段 100 单词左右长度的短文，随后短文消失 , 考生再听一段与短文有关的对话或课堂演讲 , 然后根据先前阅读的短文和播放的对话或演讲回答相关问题。其中第 3 题是校园场景题目，第 4 题是学术场景题目 . 在第 3,4 题中 , 考生有 30 秒钟时间准备 , 然后有

3、 60秒钟时间作答。第 5、6 题要求考生听一段校园场景对话或者课堂演讲 , 然后回答相关问题。其中第 5 题是校园场景题目，第 6 题是学术场景题目。考生有 20 秒钟时间准备 , 之后有 60秒钟时间作答。下面的表格是 ETS 对于托福考试口语部分题型的官方介绍 , 它能够客观且清晰的反映出托福口语考试的结构 :Task Type 任务类型Task Description 任务描述Timing 时间限制Independent Tasks 独立任务Personal Preference 个人偏好学生需要就一个日常生活中的常见话题发表自己的观点并加以解释 . 例如 : 重要的人 , 地点 ,事

4、件或活动准备时间 : 15答题时间 : 45Choice 选择学生需要就某两个日常生活中出现的对立选项或者对立观点作出自己的选择并加以解释准备时间 : 15答题时间 : 45Integrated Tasks （R/L/S） 综合任务 （读 / 听 / 说）Campus Situation: Fit and Explain 校园场景 :联系观点并解释原因阅读部分会陈述一个校园话题 , 听力部分会对阅读中的话题进行评论 , 考生需要概括听力中说话人对阅读中话题所持的观点和评论准备时间 : 30答题时间 : 60Academic Course: General/Specific 学术课程 :抽象 /

5、具体阅读部分会广泛地定义一个学术术语 , 过程或思想 , 听力部分会就阅读中的概念给出具体事例或特定信息 , 考生需要结合阅读和听力中的重要信息准备时间 : 30 答题时间 : 60 Integrated Tasks（L/S）综合任务（听/说）Campus Situation: Problem/Solution 校园场景 :问题 / 解决方案听力部分会涉及与学生有关的一个问题和两个解决问题的方案 , 考生需要总结听力部分内容并发表自己的观点准备时间 : 20 答题时间 : 60 Academic Course: Summary 学术课程：摘要听力部分会涉及一个术语或概念 , 并给出相应的例子

6、, 考生需要总结听力部分内容并解释主题与例子间的关系准备时间 : 20 答题时间 : 60评分标准1. Delivery 表达 : 你的口语答案是否足够清晰 , 是否足够流利 , 其中是否展现出了优秀的英语语音 , 自然的节奏以及语调 . 简言之 , 在 delivery 这一项评分标准中 , 同学们应当要关注的因素有三个 : pronunciation 发音 ,intonation 语调 , 以及 flow 语流 .2. Language Use 语言使用 : 你是否能够有效地运用正确且恰当的词汇和基本的以及复杂的语法结构去表达你的观点 . 简言之 , 在 language use 这一项评

7、分标准中 , 同学们应当关注的两个主要因素是 vocabulary 词汇以及 grammar 语法 .3. Topic Development 话题发展 : 你是否能够全面地回答问题 , 是否能够有逻辑地 , 并且连贯地陈述你的观点 , 是否能够有效地使用掉分配给你的答题时间 , 是否能够有效且明确地表明观点与观点之间的各种逻辑关系 .参加托福口语考试所需的八大能力1. 语音 pronunciation2. 语调和中音 intonation &stress3. 口语词汇及短语 spoken vocabulary & phrases4. 流利度/语流 flow/fluency5. 语法 gram

8、mar6. 阅读和听力 reading &listening7. 头脑风暴 brainstorming8. 笔记 note-taking第二章 托福口语解题技巧任务一（独立）: 自由选择 托福口语第一题主要被分为两种题型：自由选择和三选一。在其中，自由选择题目出现的概率远远超过了三选一题目。下面我们就来看看两种题型的具体例子。自由选择Choose a place you go to often that is important to you and explain why it is important. Please include details in your explanation.

9、Preparation Time: 15 Seconds Response Time: 45 SecondsTalk about the person you respect most and explain why you respect him or her. Use details and examples in your response.Preparation Time: 15 Seconds Response Time: 45 SecondsIf you were given the opportunity to learn a new skill, what would you

10、learn? Explain your choice with details and examples.Preparation Time: 15 Seconds Response Time: 45 SecondsTIPS： 在托福口语考试中，自由选择类题目的主题多种多样，但大多数题目（不是所有题目）通常会被集中到以下四个领域：Person: Eg. Talk about the teacher from whom you learned the most and explain what you have learned from him or her. Use details and ex

11、amples in your response. Eg. What kinds of characteristics do you think make someone a good neighbor? Explain why these characteristics are important. Place: Eg. Describe your favorite area in your school and explain why you enjoy spending time there. Please include details in your explanation.Eg. I

12、f you had a chance to visit a foreign country, which country would you go to? Explain why you want to visit that country with details.Object: Eg. Talk about a book you really enjoy reading and explain why you love the book. Please include details in your response.Eg. Talk about your favorite movie a

13、nd explain what you have learned from it. Please include details or examples in your answer. Event/Activity: Eg. Talk about a holiday that you often celebrate in your country and explain why people love celebrating it. Use details and examples in your response.Eg. Describe a personal experience in w

14、hich you learned an important lesson? Explain what that lesson is with details.三选一Which of the following careers do you think is most important to society? Doctor, farmer, or teacher. Choose one of the careers and explain why you think it is most important to society.Preparation Time: 15 Seconds Res

15、ponse Time: 45 SecondsWhich of the following way of transportation do you like most when travelling? Airplane, train, or automobile. Choose one of the ways of transportation and explain why you like to travel this way.Preparation Time: 15 Seconds Response Time: 45 Seconds解题技巧忽视朗读，快速反应，头脑风暴，结构清晰两套备用结

16、构1. Topic Sentence Supporting Details Ending2. Topic SentenceSupporting SentenceExample/details例题：Talk about a person you admire a lot and explain why you admire him or her. Use details and examples in your response.Preparation Time: 15 Seconds Response Time: 45 SecondsTopic Sentence 主题句 : Allen Ive

17、rson, the NBA superstar, is definitely one of the people for whom I have a huge admiration.干净利落，直击答案Supporting Sentence 支持句 : I admire him a lot because he is such a hard-working guy that you would feel like theres nothing he cannot do.正面解释，秀出证据Example/details例子/细节 : Once I watched an interview of h

18、is coach in high school on NBC. He said that Allen was just super diligent. He was always the first person that arrived for the training, and always the last one to leave. He usually stayed for another 2 hours after all his teammates left for dinner. So its definitely his hard work that made him one

19、 of the most phenomenal players in the league.强烈支持，展示内涵，增强伸缩性、趣味性，凑字数如果我们将以上三个部分的回答放在一起 , 我们就能够得到一个非常完整 , 而且优秀的答案Allen Iverson, the NBA superstar, is definitely one of the people for whom I have a huge admiration. I admire him a lot because he is such a hard-working guy that you would feel like ther

20、es nothing he cannot do. Once I watched an interview of his coach in high school on NBC. He said that Allen was just super diligent. He was always the first person that arrived for the training, and always the last one to leave. He usually stayed for another 2 hours after all his teammates left for

21、dinner. So its definitely his hard work that made him one of the most phenomenal players in the league.TIPS：结尾可有可无，根据时间灵活掌握，尽量避免说出像 Thats all或者是 Thank you之类的表达；支持点最好只给一个，最多只给两个，尽量避免出现三个及以上观点；使用自己熟悉的单词，短语，和句型，可以大大地减低作答时的焦虑度；适当的笔记可以提醒自己，诸如信号词；例题及参考答案If you were going to take a trip alone, what would y

22、ou take with you? Please include details in your response.Preparation Time: 15 Seconds Response Time: 45 SecondsSample Answer: If Im traveling myself, I guess Ill take a lot of items with me, among which my iPad is a must. You know, its always pretty boring when you travel alone, especially when you

23、re on a plane or train. With iPad, I can do a lot of things to kill that kind of boring time. For example, I can chat with my friends through MSN or Face time, play video games, watch movies, etc. I still have a very clear memory of my trip to Australia; its the iPad that got me through the tedious 10-hour flight. I cant even imagine how bored I would be if I had to sit in the cabin doing nothing for such a long period of time.