中考被动语态专项训练讲解+句型转换 3.docx

1、中考被动语态专项训练讲解+句型转换 3中考被动语态专项训练-讲解+句型转换主动语态与被动语态 一.概念:主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。l二.被动语态的构成：助动词be+及物动词的过去 分词l三.被动语态的时态:以为work 例:l1. 一般现在时: am / is/are+ workedl2. 一般过去时: was / were+ workedl3. 一般将来时: shall / will +be+ workedl4. 过去将来时: should / would+ workedl5. 现在进行时: am /is/are+ being+ workedl6. 过去

2、进行时: was /were+ being+ worked 7. 过去进行时: was/were +being +worked8. 现在完成时: have/has+ been+ worked9. 过去完成时: had +been+ worked10. 将来完成时: shall/ will +have been +worked11. 过去将来完成时: should/would +have been+ worked12. 情态动词 (can/may/must/should etc.)+be+动词的过去分词四. 用法：l当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时或者只需强调动作的

3、承受者时，要用被动语态。五. 方法：l Many people speak English.(主动语态)l English is spoken by many people.（被动语态）六. 注意以下问题：l A. 带有双宾语的动词变为被动语态时，可以把其中一个宾语变为被动语态的主语，若将直接宾语(sth.)变为主语，须根据习惯在原间接宾语前加上介词to或for . 用to的常见词有：give, show, send, lend, pass, pay, teach, throw, take, bring etc.用for的常见词有：make, choose, sing, play, draw,

4、 save, buy, get, leave, cook etc.leg.l1. Mary gave him some books.l He was given some books by Mary.l Some books were given to him by Mary.l2. Her father bought her a new bike.l She was bought a new bike by her father.l A new bike was bought for her by her father.l B. 带复合宾语（宾语+宾语补足语）的动词变为被动语态时，只能将宾语

5、变为被动语态的主语，宾语补足语不可变为主语。leg. 1. We call him Gina.l He is called Gina (by us).l 2. They made me happy.l I was made happy( by them).l 3. He asked me to come here. I was asked to come here (by him) lC. 在see, let, make, hear, watch etc.动词之后，作宾语补足语的动词不定式不带to，但在变为被动语态时，则一定要加上to。l eg.l1. We saw them play foo

6、tball just now.l They were seen to play football just now.2. We often hear her sing in English.l She is often heard to sing in English.l D. 在某些“不及物动词+介词/副词”(相当于及物物动词)的句子中，变被动语态时，注意不要丢掉介词/副词。eg.l1. People often talk about that film. l That film is often talked about.l2. We should speak to the old peo

7、ple politely.l The old people should be spoken to politely. E. 当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动。例如:Someonecaughttheboysmokingacigarette.可改为Theboywascaughtsmokingacigarette.F. need表示需要时，后面常接doing形式表示被动意义，相当于tobedone.Allthecomputersneedrepairing.=Allthecomputersneed_.被动语态专项练习1. A large numbe

8、r of people speak French in Paris.l French _ _ _a large number of people in Paris.2. They produce silk in Suzhou. Silk _ _ in Suzhou.3. Doeshecleantheroomeveryday? _theroom_everyday?4. We often sing this song. _.5. Does he clean the room every day?_the room_ _ _every day?6. Did he paint the window r

9、ed? _the window_ _ _ _?7. My cousin repaired the broken watch.l The broken watch _ _ _my cousin.8. They built a bridge between the two islands last year. A bridge _ _ between the two islands last year.9. Where did they plant trees? Where _ trees _?10. He broke his leg in the match. _.11.We will give

10、 a birthday party tomorrow. _.12. She will sell her house soon. _.13. We will build a new library this year.A new library_ _ _by_this year.14.People are still cutting down too many trees in the USA. _.15. He is repairing the machine. _.16. Are they teaching foreign languages there?_foreign languages

11、_ _there?17. Are you going to make a new plane?_a new plane_ _ _ _?18. He has finished his work. _.19. Have they finished the new project?_the new project_ _by_?20. We should plant the trees around the lake.l The trees _ _ _around the lake.21. You can borrow two books at a time.Two books _ _ _ at a

12、time.22. We call maths the language of science. Maths _ _ the language of science.23.The teacher made the students copy the text.The students _ _ _ copy the text.24.Someone saw John cross the street just now. John _ _ _ _ the street just now by someone.25. Thebossmadetheworkersworkallday Theworkers_

13、workalldaybytheboss.26. Hegavemeabook I_abookbyhim. Abook_mebyhim.27. Mymothermademeacake. I_acakebymymother Acake_mebymymother.28.IheardTomsingingjustnow Tom_bymejustnow.29. Weshouldtakecareoftheold.Theoldshould_.30. My aunt bought me a present on my birthday.l I _ _a present by my aunt on my birth

14、day.lA present _ _ _me by my aunt on my birthday.二、英语书面表达专项训练2马上要初中毕业了，大家都是依依不舍的。班主任决定在下周举办一场“My Life At School” 主题 班会 , 邀请全班同学参加。请你根据以下提示，写一篇发言稿。美好的回忆1.与同学融洽相处； 2.得到老师的帮助；3.获得交换生机会； 4.参加志愿者活动。不开心的事情1.好朋友李华转学； 2.不擅长语文写作。未来展望1. 升上理想的学校；2. 能结识更多朋友；3. 请你补充(至少两点)My Life At SchoolHow time flies! Its unbe

15、lievable that Im going to graduate from my beloved school. 【答案】My Life At SchoolHow time flies! Its unbelievable that Im going to graduate from my beloved school. There are many things to remember. In the junior school, I got along well with my classmates. The teachers are very friendly and they are

16、 ready to help me. The most unforgettable thing is that I got a chance of becoming an exchange students and spent two months in Australia. I learned a lot from the experience. I also remember I served as volunteer to help others. Certainly, there were also unhappy things. My good friend Li Hua went

17、to another school. I was very sad. Luckily, we kept in touch with each other through emails. Besides, I was not good at Chinese writing. I hope I can go to a dream school and make more new friends. I also wish I can do better in all subjects when I am in high school and can go to a good college.【解析】

18、【详解】这篇作文要求我们以My Life At School为题，写一篇发言稿。题目中利用表格的形式，展示了文章的具体内容，学生们可以此为提纲进行写作。审题可知，这篇短文应主要使用一般现在时和一般过去时，注意根据表达需要使用正确时态，并注意谓语动词的正确形式。内容应主要包括三部分：首先是初中三年里的美好回忆；然后是不开心的事情；最后展望自己未来的高中生活。表格中有非常具体的提示，但不能逐词翻译表格中的短语，应把他们变成自己的话，并用英语表达出来。写作时应注意：文章中应包括表格中的所有信息，不能遗漏要点；第三部分的内容中还需要自己发挥想象力进行补充，注意应合情合理，与上文很好地衔接。另外注意句式

19、结构要符合英语的表达习惯，用完整的句子表达。句式结构可以简单句为基础，穿插并列句、复合句以及其他复杂句式的使用，提升作文档次。同时语句之间使用适当的连接成分，使文意连贯、自然。【点睛】这是一篇优秀的作文，短文作者根据题目要求，回忆了自己的初中生活，并展望了未来。短文有以下几个特点：首先文章内容完整，结构清晰。短文分三段，第一段基本是题目中给出的开头，作者使用一句话引出下文；第二段是主体，介绍了过去美好的回忆以及不开心的事情；最后一段对未来进行了展望。各部分内容安排合理，有层次、有条理。其次短文中使用了正确的时态和人称，语法规范，用词准确，注意了动词正确形式的变化。句式结构完整，符合英语的表达习

20、惯。语言准确、得体，表达自然、流畅。短文中使用了丰富的句型和短语，如The teachers are very friendly and they are ready to help me. The most unforgettable thing is that I got a chance of becoming an exchange students and spent two months in Australia.Luckily, we kept in touch with each other through emails. Besides, I was not good at

21、Chinese writing.I also wish I can do better in all subjects when I am in high school and can go to a good college.等。3假如你是李明，5月18日星期六这一天，你与几位同班同学一起参观了水上公园 (Water Park)。请根据下面的内容提示，写一篇日记。(1)乘.坐大巴约一小时后到达目的地，游客多；(2)上午划船，下午看了许多动物，例如：(3)碰到几位外国朋友并与他们交谈：(4)看到了乱扔垃圾、插队等不良现象：(5)你的感想参考词汇：.插队cut in line要求：(1)词数：8

22、0100个。(2)短文的开头己给出，不计入总词数(3)要点齐全，行文连贯，可适当发挥May 18, Saturday Fine Today I visited Water Park with several of my classmates._ 【答案】May 18, Saturday FineToday I visited Water Park with several of mv classmates. It took us about an hour to get there by bus. When we arrived, there were a lot of visitors.In

23、 the morning, we went boating and enjoyed ourselves. We saw many animals, such as pandas, giraffes and monkeys in the afternoon. They are so lovely. We met some foreign guests and talked with them happily. However, during our visit we saw some people throwing rubbish and cutting in line.In my opinio

24、n, it is our duty to protect the environment and follow the rules in public. And I hope changes will take place in the future.【解析】【详解】这是一篇给材料作文，要求写参观日记。动笔前应根据材料内容组织语言，列出简单提纲，确定句子的时态和关键单词等问题。为了使语言更显亲切，在写作时主语用第一人称，时态以一般过去时为主。同时注意时间状语与时态的搭配及主谓一致问题，适当使用连词，注意标点符号及大小写等问题，不要犯语法错误，做到语意连贯。【点睛】此类作文首先要做的就是认真阅读

25、题目要求，结合所给材料确定内容，不能跑题偏题。写作中注意一些基础的写作常识，不犯低级错误。只要平时积累足够，就一定能获得满意的分数。另外为了应对考试，可以有选择的背诵一些范文，这样应考时就会有法可依。4三年的初中生活即将结束，你一定对初中生活留下了很多美好的回忆。下周五你班要召开毕业班会，请根据下面的英文提示，并适当发挥，以“I remember ”为题，写一篇90词左右的短文，分享你校园生活中的一次活动或经历。要点如下：1. Whats the event? 2. When and where did it happen? 3. How did you feel at that moment

26、?4. How has the event changed your life? 注意：1.短文需包含以上要点，并适当发挥。2.短文中已给出的部分，不计入总词数。3.短文中不得出现真实的姓名、校名等相关信息。I remember How time flies! My junior school life is coming to an end. 【答案】I rememberHow time flies, my junior school life is coming to an end. I had a lot of memories during the three years study. What impressed me most i