中考动词英语.docx

1、中考动词英语九、动词9.1 实义动词9.2 系动词9.3 助动词9.4 情态动词9.5 非谓语动词9.6 动词的语态9.7 动词的时态9.1 实义动词：实义动词是能够独立作文娱的动词。按期句法作用可分为及物动词和不及物动词。9.1.1. 及物动词：及物动词本身意义不完整，需要接宾语才能使其意思完整。1) 及物动词 + 宾语I like the book very much.2) 及物动词 + 宾语 + 宾补We call the bird Polly.I saw the children play in the yesterday.注意：带省略to的不定式或现在分词作宾补的动词有：make,

2、let, have, see, watch, notice, hear等。3) 动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语Please pass me the salt.常见带双宾语的动词有：give, bring, huy, get, leave, lend, make, offer, pass, teach, tell, write, read, return等。9.1.2. 不及物动词：不及物动词自身意思完整，无需接宾语且不能直接接宾语。He run fast.They work in a factory.1) 有些动词既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词。We study English. (vt)W

3、e study hard. (vi)Boys fly kites. (vt)Birds can fly. (vi)2) 有些不及物动词与一些别的词搭配在一起构成短语动词，它的作用等于一个及物动词。（1） 动词 + 介词：此类动词后面的宾语无论是名词还是代词，都只能放在介词后面,不能放在动词和介词之间。Look at the blackboard.Listen to me carefully.（2） 动词 + 副词：代词作宾语时逼穴放在动词后、副词前，当宾语是名词时，放在副词前后均可。He turn off the light when he left.He picked it up and g

4、ave it up.（3） 动词 + 副词 + 介词：宾语只能放在介词之后Lets go on with the work.He gets along well with.（4） 动词+名词+介词：名词前可以加形容词作定语，宾语只能放在介词之后We can make good use of air.（5） be+形容词（包括过去分词作形容词）+介词：这类动词短语也相当于及物动词，宾语位于介词后面，形容词是短语动词的真正词义We are proud of being Chinese.I know he is slow at understanding，but you have to be pat

5、ient with him9.1.3.延续性动词和非延续性动词：动词按其动作发生的方式、发生过程的长短可分为延续性动词与非延续性动词。1）延续性动词表示能够延续的动作,如：learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。延续性动词可以与表示时间段的状语连用。表示时间段的短语有:for+一段时间,for 2 years; since从句,since he came here; since+时间点名词,since last year, since 5 days

6、ago; how long; for a long time等。We have lived in China since 2001.You can keep the book for two weeks.2) 非延续性动词也称终止性动词、瞬间动词,表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束。 如:open, die, close, begin, finish, come, go, move, borrow, lend, buy等。非延续性动词不可以与表示时间段的状语连用。如果和表示时间段的状语连用，就要用其他词代替。非延续性动词在肯定句中与表示时间点的状语连用，如：two years ago;

7、 at 5 oclock; He bought the computer two months ago.He has been here for five days. (这里不能用has arrived here)The film has been on for ten minutes. (这里不能用has begun.)否定的终止性动词可以与表示时间段的时间状语连用。I havent bought anything for two months.例1： - How long can I _ the book? - Two weeks. A. borrow B. lend C. get D.

8、keep例2：- Shall I take you to the shopping mall after work?- No, thanks. My father said he would _ on his way home.A. look for me B. pick me up C. let me down D. take after me例3：Why couldnt you the correct spelling of the word?Err. . . I hadnt got a Chinese-English dictionary at hand. A. look for B.

9、look down C. look up D. look at例4：Have you your new classmates yet?A. had friends with B. made friend with C. got friend to D. made friends with例5：If you dont know how to spell a new word，youd better_Alook up a dictionary B. look up an dictionaryClook it up in a dictionary D. look up it in an dictio

10、nary9.2 系动词：即连系动词，本身有词义，用于连接主语和表语，说明主语的状态，性质，特征或身份。表语通常由名词、形容词，或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语等充当，说明主语是什么或怎么样。 系动词不能用于被动语态和进行时态。9.21 系动词分类1）常见的系动词是be,它的变化形式为：am/is/are/was/were . 2） 除了 be 动词,其他的系动词（半系动词）大致可分为4类：“感觉”类:与五种感觉器官相关的动词.常见的有: look(看起来)， feel(摸上去)，smell(闻起来) , taste(尝起来)，sound(听起来)等。It sounds (like) a good

11、 idea. The soup tastes good.She looks well today.“主观判断”类: 包括 seem(似乎是)，appear(似乎、显得)，prove(证明是), turn out (结果是, 证明是) 等.He appears/seem to have made a mistake.It turns out to be a mistake.“状态变化”类: 表示主语从一种状态变化成另一种状态。常见的有: become, turn, grow, go, come, fall, get 等。Put the fish in the fridge, or it will

12、 go bad in hot weather. He grew older day by day.“状态持续”类:表示主语持续某种状态。常见的有: remain(依然)，keep(保持)，stay(保持)，continue(继续、仍旧)等。The fish will stay fresh for several days. It remains a problem.The weather continues cold.例6：Those oranges taste_.A. good B. well C. to be good D. to be well 例7：The material _very

13、 soft. A. is feeling B. felt C. feels D. is felt 例8：Why dont you put the meat in the fridge? It will _ for several days. A be stayed B. stay C. be staying D. have stayed例9：What you have said_. A is sounded interesting Bsounds interesting C sound interested Dlistens interested 例10：The class begins. P

14、lease keep_. A silent Bsilence Cthe silence Dsilently 9.3 助动词：助动词本身无词义或意义不完整，不能单独用作谓语。它必须和别的动词连用，帮助构成各种时态、语态、否定句和疑问句等结构。常用的助动词有be, has, do, does, did, will和shall等。1）助动词be (am, is, are, was, were, being, been) 与现在分词结合，构成各种进行时态；或与过去分词结合构成被动语态。Im looking for my pen. 我正在找我的笔。（现在进行时）These cups are made i

15、n China. 这些杯子是中国制造的。（被动语态）2）have (has, had, having)与过去分词结合，构成完成时。They have known each other for twenty years. 他们互相认识有二十年了。（现在完成时）He had built a chemistry lab for himself at the age of ten. 他十岁时就已经为自己建了一个化学实验室。（过去完成时）3） 助动词do (does, did) 后只能跟动词原形，与not及其他动词结合构成否定句，或置于主语之前构成疑问句，放在主语前和实义动词后构成部分倒装，用于祈使句前

16、加强语气及替代前面刚出现的动词等。He does not speak English.他不说英语。When did he come back? 他什么时候回来的？Only then did I realize it. 直到那时我才意识到这一点。Do be quiet, children.-Do you live in China? - Yes, I do.4）will (would), shall (should)：will能用于一般将来时的任何人称后；would是will的过去时，能用于过去将来时；两者后面都接动词原形。The plane will arrive in ten minutes

17、. 飞机十分中后将要到达。I was sure we would win.我确信用我们会赢。shall与should这两个助动词本身没有词义，shall只能用于一般将来时的第一人称后；should是shall的过去时，只能用于过去将来时的第一人称后；两者后面都接动词原形。We shall meet at the school gate tomorrow. 我们明天将在校门口见。I told them that I should do the work alone. 我告诉他们我将独自做那项工作。例11：When he was at school, he _ early and take a w

18、alk before breakfast.A. will rise B. shall rise C. should rise D. would rise例12：I _ go to bed until I _ finished my work.A. dont/had B. didnt/have C. didnt/had D. dont/have例13：_ you think he _ back by dinner time?A. Do; have come B. Did; will have come C. Does; will come D. Do; will have come例14：He

19、said that he dropped his bag when he _ for the bus.A. was running B. was running C. were running D. is running例15：No sooner _ he arrived home than he _ to start on another journey.A. has/was asked B. have/were asked C. had/is asked D. had/was asked9.4 情态动词9.4.1. 情态动词的类型：1）只做情态动词得有：can（could），may（mig

20、ht）， must2）可做情态动词也可作实义动词的有：need, dare3) 可做情态动词也可作助动词的有：will（would）， shall（should），4) 具有情态动词的某些特征的有：have to, ought to, be able to原 形过去式词 义cancould能maymight可以（或许）mustmust(had to)必须（不得不）willwould愿意shallshould应该needneeded需要daredared敢于9.4.2. 情态动词的语法特征：1） 情态动词不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情，只表示期待或估计某事的发生。即本身不表示动作或状态，而仅表

21、达说话人的态度, 表示说话人对某种动作和状态的看法。2） 情态动词后面只能接动词原形。3）不能单独做谓语，必须和行为动词或系动词连用构成谓语。4）情态动词有一定的词义5） 情态动词没有人称，数的变化，即情态动词第三人称单数不加-s。（have to例外：用于第三人称单数时用has to）.He has to stay here.6） 情态动词没有非谓语形式，即没有不定式，分词，等形式。7）具有主动词的作用，可用来构成否定句、疑问句及用于简明答语。9.4.3.情态动词的用法1. can / could1) 表示能力, “能，会”，相当于be able to(适用于任何时态)。Can you pl

22、ay basketball?2)表示怀疑、猜测， 常用语否定句和疑问句中。Li Hhua cant be in the classroom.( Cant be 不可能。)3) 表示请求或允许，多用于口语中，“可以”，相当于may。could比can更加委婉。You can go now.Could / can I use your phone?4) could 是can的过去式，可以表示过去的能力。I could swim when I was seven years old.5) 以can 开头的一般疑问句，其肯定和否定回答分别是用can和cant；以could开头的一般疑问句，其肯定和否定

23、回答分别用could和couldnt. - Could you skate last year?- Yes, I could / No, I couldnt2. may / might1) 表示推测，“可能，也许”，用于肯定句中。might是may 的过去式，但其可能性比may更低。He may come tomorrow.2) 表示请求或允许，“可以”，用于肯定句中。might比may更委婉May I borrow your book?注：1. may be 可能是，作谓语， 请区别maybe副词 ，可能，相当于perhaps，用于句首。2. may 表示请求时，用于主语为第一人称的一般疑问

24、句，其否定回答用mustnt，不用may not，意为“不可以，不许，禁止”.-May I go now?- No, you mustnt.3) 表示祝愿May you success! 祝你成功！3must 1）“必须，应该” 2）表示肯定的推测“一定”，用于肯定句中，在疑问句和否定句中用can,否定句中也可用may，但may not 表示“可能不”，而cant表示“不可能” 3）否定句中，mustnt 表示禁止，“不允许”。以must开头的疑问句，肯定回答用must,而否定回答用neednt,neednt表示“不需要，不必”，相当于dont have to.Theres someone k

25、nocking at the door. I t must be Jim.- Must I finish the project today? - No, you needntHe must be at home.（对现在的猜测）I think you must have made a mistake.（对过去的猜测）4. need1）need意思是“需要，必须”，主要用于否定句和关系问句中。 You neednt come so early. Need I take part in the Party? 2) need引导的疑问句，肯定回答时多用must，否定回答时用neednt。 Need

26、 he come? Yes, he must.No, he neednt.3) need后接名词做宾语时，表示“需要”某件事物，此时用作实义动词，与一般的实义动词用法完全一样，need + to do “需要做”，need + doing，表被动意义。We need three apples. He doesnt need so many books.5. had better + do“最好做某事”，否定式用：had better not.Youd better stay at home.6. shall(should), will(would) 1) shall用于第一人称、第三人称表示征

27、求意见、询问，“要不要？”、“好吗？”。 Shall I open the window? Shall we have lunch here?2） should常用来表示义务、责任，表示劝告或建议（=ought to）。 We should obey traffic laws. 3）用来表示可能性或猜测。 He should be in the office now. I should be right. 4）should有时能表示说话人的情感等。 Its funny that they should be confident.（表示轻视） Why should I do that for y

28、ou?（表示不满）5）should后接动词不定式（不加to）时，若用于肯定句，表示某件事本应该完成却未完成；若用于否定句，则表示某事不该发生却发生了。 You should have told us the truth.（应该告诉却没有） He should have known the importance of it.应该知道却不知道） We shouldnt have left so early.（不应该早出来，可已经做了） 6） will 用于第二人称和疑问句中表示询问、请求，此时仅限于“will you (please)？”句型中。也可表达现在的“意愿”此时可用于各种人称。Will

29、you pass me the book?（请求）We will do anything for you.（意愿）He wont come to see you.他不愿来见你。（表示意愿） I will try my best to catch up with her.我将尽最大努力赶上她。（表示决心）7） would用来表示过去的意愿和决心，或表示现在时更委婉询问、请求。Would you tell me the way to the station? Would you like some fish? （will和would用于“劝某人接受”时，只能用some，不能用any。）7. oug

30、ht 1）ought只有一种形式，后面常与to连用，意思是“应该”。 You ought to visit us often. Sorry, I ought to leave now. 2）在表示“应该”时，ought to的语气比should要强，比must稍弱。8. dare1) dare意思是“敢”，用于肯定结构中时，后接加to的动词不定式。 The boy dared to climb up the tree. She should dare to question her teacher. 2）dare用于否定句或疑问句中时，与大多数的情态动词一样，后接不带to的动词不定式。 Dont dare do that again! The poor girl dare not go home. 9.4.5 易混情态动词的辨析1. can 和 be able to：表示能力的用法相同，can只有现在时和过去时（could）,be able to 有现在时、将来时和过去时。Jim couldnt speak Chinese last year, but now he can.We will be able to come back next week.2. can和may表示可能性的区别：用于肯定句中用may表示可能。在否定句中，若语气肯定，表示“不