解读中考阅读理解题英语.docx

1、解读中考阅读理解题英语解读中考阅读理解题【命题特点】 阅读理解题是中考英语测试中的重要题型。阅读题材丰富，涉及社会文化、风俗习惯、日常生活、科学技术等各个方面。阅读材料体裁多样，包括记叙文、议论文以及应用文等多种文体。阅读理解题主要是考查考生综合应用所学语言知识的能力，包括阅读能力、理解能力、归纳概括能力、逻辑推理能力以及对材料的评估能力等。就题型而言，主要有细节理解题、词义（句意）猜测题、推理判断题、数字计算题、主旨大意题（归纳概括题）等。 【解题技巧】1 抓要点，有针对性地进行阅读。在通读短文之前，把文后的问题浏览一遍，做到心中有数。然后带着问题去阅读短文，边读边捕捉文中与问题相关的信息点

2、，这样有助于抓住解决问题的关键。2 把握住五个“W”和一个“H”。对于叙事题材的文章，在阅读全文时，要尽快抓住五个“W”（who，where，when，what，why）和一个“H”（how），即何人、何时、何地、因何原因发生了何事，事情怎样发展和发展结果如何。把握住了这些，就抓住了事件进展的全过程，即文章的详情和具体细节，做题时就会收到事半功倍的效果。3 注意主题句，抓住关键句。一般来说，文章的开头或结尾往往是文章的中心思想所在。把握住全文的中心思想，这对理解全文是有帮助的。阅读中，不要因为个别生词而影响阅读速度和对全文整体意思的理解，可根据构词法知识和上下文意思来猜测词义。对于文章中出现的

3、与日常生活相关的知识，答题时，可利用已学过的自然、社会科学等知识加以理解。4 重点核对，加深理解。做完一篇短文后面的所有题目后，有必要回过头对答题有关的内容重新加以研读，或对个别理解模糊的关键词再次审核，以加深理解，澄清疑点，提高答题准确性。【题型分析】一、细节理解题对于这种题型，考生能直接从原文找到信息，而且选项和原文在语言表述上也没有大的变化或仅仅在表达方式上稍作转化。在解这类题时，考生可以先看后面的题目，然后带着问题去阅读材料，最后采取“对号入座”的办法，把原文信息跟后面的题目对照，即可得到答案。下面以2013年河南省中考英语试题为例：Jessie felt her life so bo

4、ring one summer day. She was tired of watching TV, she reah all her books, and her friends were on vacation. She wanted something different to do. Suddenly, she saw the lawn mower(割草机) sitting in the yard.“Mom,”she shouted, “I think I will mow the lawn.” Her mom ran into the yard and said, “Oh no, y

5、ou dont. You re too young to mow the lawn.”1In order to do something different, Jessie decided to. A、read books B、travel C、mow the lawn D、watch TV根据文中的“Suddenly, she saw the lawn mower (割草机) sitting in the yard,”和 “I think I will mow the lawn,” 可知，答案为C。Mom thought for a while and then decided to let

6、 jessie give it a try. After all,she was home and would keep an eye on her, Jessie already knew how to start the lawn mower from watching her dad. Jessie checked the gas(汽油) to make sure it was full, and put on her gardening gloves to protect her hands. Mom watched from the kitchen window. Jessie re

7、ally did know how to mow the lawn. She was very careful around the flowers and trees. When she finished, she felt so good, but she was so hot. Mom brought her soms ice tea and said, “You sure did a great job. Dad will be very surprised.”1Before Jessie mowed the lawn, she . A、washed her hands B、bough

8、t some gas C、read some instructions D、put on her gloves 根据文中的“Jessie checked the gas(汽油) to make sure it was full, and put on her gardening gloves to protect her hands.”可知，在开始割草前，Jessie检查了汽油确保它是满的，然后戴上园艺手套保护手。答案为D。 For example, you may see someone putting on a heavy jacket. This is the effect. To lo

9、ok for a cause, think to yourself, “What would make someone put on a heavy jacket” Maybe the person is going outside into very cold weather. Maybe the person works in the penguin pen(企鹅圈养地) at Sea World. Maybe the person is going to visit an ice skating rink where the air is kept very cold. All of t

10、here things could be a cause for putting on a heavy jacket.1 According to the second paragraph, which of the following is an effectA、 Someone puts on a heavy jacket.B、 Someone works in the penguin pen C、 Someone will go outside into cold weather.D、 Someone will go to visit an ice skating rink. 根据文中的

11、“For example, you may see someone putting on a heavy jacket. This is the effect.”可知，看见某人穿上厚夹克衫，这是一个结果。B项、C项、D项都是推测产生这种结果的原因。答案为A。 Now, think about a second example. The effect is a boy named Abi has to go to the head teachers office. What are the possible causes Maybe he bullied(欺负) another student.

12、 Maybe he is just being picked up early. Maybe he is being given a prize!2 Abi has to go to the head teachers office. Which of the following isnt the possible causeA、He bullied another student. B、He is going shopping.C、He is being picked up early. D、He is being given a prize. 根据文中的“Maybe he bullied(

13、欺负) another student. Maybe he is just being picked up early. Maybe he is being given a prize!” A项、C项、D项表述的原因文中都提到了，B项文中没有提到。答案为B。The Search for Life:Are We AloneTime：Thursday,July 4, 2013, 2:00 pmCost：Adult: Children(under 15 years): Bookings：Phone the booking office：3403 7689Address：Brisbane Botani

14、c GardensNote：Are we truly alone in space Is there any life out there These are the questions asked in this show.4Alec is strongly interested in space life. He may go to . A、Magic Class B、Science with Me C、Secret of the Dragon D、The Search for Life 根据The Search for Life: Are We Alone中Note 里面的“Are we

15、 truly alone in space Is there any life out there”可知，此活动是关于太空生活的。答案为D。 Magic Class Time: Friday, July 12,2013, 10:00 am Cost: Free Bookings: Please call 3403 8470 to book your place. Address: Centenary Community hub, 171 Dandenong Rd Note: Would you like to be a magician Then join David, The magicia

16、n, to learn about real magic with Playing cards, coins, ring ropes and DIY projects and be able to become the life of the party.5Rita plans to join Magic Class. She may learn about . A、real magic B、making conis C、magic stories D、holding parties 根据Magic Class.中Note里面的“to learn about real magic”可知，在Ma

17、gic Class能学到真魔术。答案为A。二、词义（句意）猜测题词义（句意）猜测题就是要求考生对画线部分的单词、短语、指示代词以及句子，根据上下文的语境和逻辑推理猜测其大致的含义。答题方式可分两大类：一类是通过上下文猜测词义，另一类是根据生词本身的构词特点猜测词义。通过上下文就是根据词所处的具体的语言环境，运用有关线索，如同义词、反义词、举例、重述、定义等猜测词义，也可运用逻辑推理或其他知识，如生活经验、普通常识等猜测词义。以2013年河南省中考英语试题为例：Mom thought for a while and then decided to let Jessie give it a try

18、. After all, she was home and would keep an eye on her. Jessie already knew how to start the lawn mower from watching her dad.6What does “keep an eye on”meanA、保护 B、注视 C、培养 D、瞄准根据文中的“Mom thought for a while and then decided to let Jessie give it a try”可知，画线词语所在句子的句意是：毕竟，她在家，她会看着她的。答案为B。 三、推理判断题推理判断是一

19、种创造性的思维活动，要求考生对文章的表面信息进行加工，由表及里，由浅入深，从具体到抽象，从特殊到一般，通过解析、综合、判断等，进行深度处理，符合逻辑的推理。命题内容十分丰富灵活，可以是文章的隐含意义、作者的态度、文章的写作目的，文章的体裁出处、人物的性格特点等。答题时要做到：体会文章的言外之意，挖掘文章隐含的信息；要做到有理有据，需要把握相关的信息，从已知获得未知；要学会用已有的经验或常识进行推理判断。以2013年河南省中考英语试题为例：“Wow, our little girl is growing up!” Dad told Jessie what a great job she had

20、done.7How did Jessies father feel when he knew Jessie had mowed the lawn A、Proud B、Angry C、Relaxed D、Worried根据文中的“Wow, our little girl is growing up!”可以判断，父亲为女儿所做的事情感到骄傲。答案为A。四、数字计算题 数字计算题通常涉及的信息是时间、年龄、价格等。这类题目的答案需要在理解文章大意的基础上，通过简单的运算才能选出，而文章中直接出现的数字通常是干扰选项。文章一般有两个或两个以上的数字信息，这些数字在文中的位置比较分散，考生要注意数字信息

21、之间的紧密联系，运用正确的计算公式或换算单位，计算出的正确答案是一个“新”数字。以2013年河南省中考英语试题为例：Secret of the Dragon Time: Monday, July 1, 2013, 10:30 am Cost: Adult: Bookings:Phone the booking office: 3403 2578 Address: Brisbane Botanic Gardens Note: Secret of the Dragon is a magical story about two children who are taken on a dragon r

22、ide to explore the universe.8John and his 10-year-old son want to watch secret of the Dragon. How much should they pay A、 B、 C、 D、 根据Secret of the Dragon 中Cost里面的“Adult: Children(under 15 years):half” 可知，成人每张票价为美元,15岁以下的孩子票价减半，即美元,所以John应付钱数为: +=美元。答案为B。五、主旨大意题 主旨大意题主要考查考生的归纳、概括等能力。记叙文、议论文常考文章的主旨大意。

23、一般来说主旨大意常出现在文章的开头，有时也出现在文章的结尾。当然更重要的是从全文内容去把握。 常见问题形式有：1 What does the text mainly tell us2 Which of the following best expresses the main idea3 Which is the subject discussed in the text4 Whats the best title for this passage以2013年河南省中英语试题为例：9What does the text mainly tell us A、Neighbors should lea

24、rn to help each other. B、Mowing the lawn is a good way to make money. C、Doing something helpful can make people happy. D、Children should help their parents at an early age. 通读全文可知，本文通过讲述Jessie的故事来说明一个道理：做有用的事情会让人快乐。答案为C。10What is the best title for the text A、Truth and lies B、Work and sleep C、Cause

25、and effect D、Life and dreams 通过全文可知，本文主要是阐述了起因和结果之间的关系。所以C项最符合文章的标题。答案为C。8John and his 10-year-old son want to watch secret of the Dragon. How much should they pay A、 B、 C、 D、 根据Secret of the Dragon 中Cost里面的“Adult: Children(under 15 years):half” 可知，成人每张票价为美元,15岁以下的孩子票价减半，即美元,所以John应付钱数为: +=美元。答案为B。五

26、、主旨大意题 主旨大意题主要考查考生的归纳、概括等能力。记叙文、议论文常考文章的主旨大意。一般来说主旨大意常出现在文章的开头，有时也出现在文章的结尾。当然更重要的是从全文内容去把握。 常见问题形式有：5 What does the text mainly tell us6 Which of the following best expresses the main idea7 Which is the subject discussed in the text8 Whats the best title for this passage以2013年河南省中英语试题为例：9What does t

27、he text mainly tell us A、Neighbors should learn to help each other. B、Mowing the lawn is a good way to make money. C、Doing something helpful can make people happy. D、Children should help their parents at an early age. 通读全文可知，本文通过讲述Jessie的故事来说明一个道理：做有用的事情会让人快乐。答案为C。10What is the best title for the te

28、xt A、Truth and lies B、Work and sleep C、Cause and effect D、Life and dreams 通过全文可知，本文主要是阐述了起因和结果之间的关系。所以C项最符合文章的标题。答案为C。备战中考题型专练AWhen I was young my father used to grow carnations- a kind of flower that was red, pink or white, He took care of then with much love and devotion. When he came home from wo

29、rk every day, he would enjoy watching them. And he used to tell us, “No one should touch my flowers.”One day, my younger sister Clemence, who loved Dad very much, wanted to help him. So she cut the carnations from their stems(枝干)one by one and arranged them on the ground. She believed that Dad would

30、 be very pleased to see them that way. When Mom and I realized what my sister had done,we became completely speechless. However, my sister had no idea why no one showed her any appreciation(欣赏), When Dad came back, he went straight to watch the flowers as usual. Seeing his flowers lying on the groun

31、d like dead animals, he was surprised at first. He looked towards the street to see if it was any of the neighbors children who could have done it. Then he looked at Mom in silence. Finally Mom, who always taught us to tell the truth, said, “No bad neighbors did this great job, only your lovely daug

32、hter Clemence.” Dads face changed into a smile and then he said, “Do I have better flowers than my lovely daughter” My younger sister smiled and hugged Dad strongly.根据材料内容，选择最佳答案。（ ）1How many kinds of colcrs do carnations have according to the writer A、One B、Two C、Three D、Four.（ ）2Why did Clemence cut the carnations from their stems A、Becau