初中名词用法归纳与练习答案.docx

1、初中名词用法归纳与练习答案初中名词用法归纳与练习知识网络考点一 名词的分类考点二 名词的复数形式1.规则变化构成方法例词在词尾加-sgirlgirlspenpens以s，x，ch，sh结尾的名词后加-esbusbusesboxboxeswatchwatchesdishdishes以f或fe结尾的名词，变f，fe为v，再加-eswifewiveshalfhalves shelfshelvesthiefthieves某些以f结尾的词，直接加-sroofroofs(屋顶)beliefbeliefs(信念)以辅音字母y结尾的名词变y为i再加-escitycitiescountrycountriesfa

2、milyfamiliespartyparties以元音字母y结尾的名词，直接加-sboyboysdaydays以o结尾的四个词(两菜、两人)加-es，其余的都加-spotatopotatoestomatotomatoesheroheroesNegroNegroeszoozoosphotophotos2.不规则变化构成方法例词形式不变(单复数同形)sheepsheepdeerdeerChineseChineseJapaneseJapanese变内部元音字母footfeettoothteethgoosegeese manmenmousemice词尾加-en/-renchildchildrenoxo

3、xen3.复合名词的复数形式有两种(1)将主体词变为复数，如：sisterinlawsistersinlaw(嫂子)boy classmateboy classmates (2)将复合词中两个词都变为复数，此种复合词中第一个词须是man或 woman，如：man workermen workerswoman teacherwomen teachers4特殊情况(1)有些名词只有复数形式，如：clothes，shorts，pants，scissors(剪刀)，goods，glasses(眼镜 )(2)有些名词以s结尾，但不是复数形式，如：news，maths，physics，politics(3

4、)有些物质名词或抽象名词的单、复数形式表示不同的含义，如：room(空间)a room(房间)work(工作)works(著作)(4)不可数名词的数量表达不可数名词本身不可数，但可借助单位量词表示一定的数量，如：a piece of bread/news/paper一片面包/一则新闻/一张纸还可用much，little，a little，a large amount of，some，any，no，lots of，plenty of等来修饰不可数名词，如：much money，some milk (5)数词名词形容词构成的复合形容词，中间的名词不能用复数形式而须用单数形式，如：He is a f

5、ouryearold boy.他是个4岁的男孩。(fouryearold不能说成fouryearsold)a fivefootdeep hole一个五英尺深的洞考点三 名词所有格1表示有生命的人或物的名词所有格形式，在此名词词尾加s，或直接加。(1)单数名词加s，如：Marys book(2)以s结尾的复数名词只加，不以s结尾的复数名词要加s，如：the three girls father 这三个女孩的父亲the childrens presents 孩子们的礼物(3)表示几个人共有，仅在最后一个人的名字后加s；表示各自所有时，需在各个名字后加s，如：Mary and Janes car(她

6、俩人共有的车)Marys and Janes cars(她俩各自的车)(4)表示店铺、住宅、公共建筑等地点时，名词所有格后面的名词习惯上省略。如：the barbersthe barbers shop理发店to my auntsto my aunts house到我姑姑家(5)有些指时间、距离、重量、价值、国家和城镇等无生命的名词，也可以加s构成所有格。如：a weeks time 一周的时间Chinas population中国的人口2表示无生命的东西的所有格形式：名词of所有者，如：the name of the zoo动物园的名字3双重所有格：即ofs或of名词性物主代词，如：a boo

7、k of my daughters 我女儿的一本书The friend of his is very kind.他的朋友非常友好。考点四 名词的句法功能名词在句中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、同位语、表语、状语、定语等。名词作定语，一般用单数形式。如：girl students(女学生) paper flowers(纸花)名词作定语时，个别情况用复数形式。如：sports meeting (运动会)名词专练一、单项选择1 Read the _carefully.They will help you know how to use the popper.AInstructions Bdecisi

8、ons Cresults【解析】本题考查名词在语境中的运用。instruction“说明”；decision“决定”；result“结果”。由后句“它们会帮你知道如何使用这台爆米花机”可判断本句为“认真读说明”，故instructions符合句意。【答案】A2Cici enjoys dancing.Its one of her _.Aprize Bprizes Chobby Dhobbies【解析】本题考查名词。one of后接名词的复数，表示“中的一个”，故排除A、C两项；prize“奖品”，hobby“爱好”，跳舞是一种爱好，故选D项。【答案】D3 For my homework I ha

9、ve to write a(n) _about the wonders of the world.Amusic BpictureCcomposition Dexam【解析】本题考查名词在语境中的运用。music“音乐”；picture“图画”；composition“作文”；exam“考试”。music是不可数名词，不能用不定冠词a/an修饰，故排除A项；动词write不能和picture搭配，也应排除；家庭作业不可能是考试，D项也排除。故选C。【答案】C4Boys and girls，feeling peaceful is the first step to become _ in the

10、exam.So please take a deep breath and calm down.Arunners Bwinners Cplayers【解析】本题考查名词在语境中的运用。runner“跑步者”；winner“获胜者”；player“运动员”。在考试中应成为获胜者，故winners符合句意。【答案】B5I have great _ in learning math and Im so worried.Could you help me?Sure.Id be glad to.Atrouble Binterest Cjoy Dfun【解析】本题考查名词的用法。have trouble/

11、difficulty/problems (in) doing sth.“做某事有困难”。interest“兴趣”；joy“高兴，欣赏”；fun“乐趣”，均不符合题意。【答案】A6Mrs Black, could you give me some advice on how to write an application letter?With pleasure.Remember that the letter should be written in the formal _.Avalue Bstyle Ceffect Dmood【解析】本题考查名词词义辨析。value“益处，价值”；styl

12、e“风格，文体”；effect“影响，效果”；mood“情绪，心情”。由语境知“写申请信应用正式文体”。【答案】B7 Could you please get me some _？ Im hungry.Aapple Bwater Cbread Degg【解析】本题考查名词的用法。由第二句Im hungry.(我饿了。)知空格处需填“吃的东西”，故排除选项B；选项A、D均为可数名词，由题干中的some判断需用可数名词复数或不可数名词，故排除A、D两项。bread“面包”，为不可数名词，符合题意。【答案】C8Im going to the supermarket.Let me get you so

13、me fruit.OK.Thanks for your _.Aoffer BinformationCmessage Dorder【解析】本题考查名词词义辨析。offer“提供，提议”；information“信息”；message“口信”；order“顺序，订货，命令”。句意为“我要去超市。让我为你买些水果吧。”“好吧，谢谢你的好意。”故选A。【答案】A9 These natural disasters have warned us that everyone should start to protect the _immediately.Aamusement BdevelopmentCen

14、vironment Dgovernment【解析】本题考查名词词义辨析。amusement“娱乐”；development“发展”；environment“环境”；government“政府”。句意为“这些自然灾害已经告诫我们每个人应立刻开始保护环境。”【答案】C10Mrs.Wang was sent to teach English in a poor mountain village last year.She said she would never forget some pleasant _ while working there.Aexperiments Bexpressions

15、Cexperiences Demotions【解析】本题考查名词词义辨析。experiment“实验”；expression“表达”；experience“经历”；emotion“感情”。空格所在句的句意为“她说她永远也不会忘记在那工作时的一些美好的经历。”故选C。【答案】C11Im sorry I went out for a smoke.I was very tired.Theres no _ for this while you are at work.Acause Bexcuse Cmatter Dchoice【解析】本题考查名词词义辨析。cause“原因”；excuse“理由，借口”

16、；matter“事情”；choice“选择”。由空格所在句的句意“当你工作时这样做是没有理由的”知选B。【答案】B12 John wants to be a _， so he often helps sick people in the hospital.Areporter Bdoctor Cscientist Dcook【解析】本题考查名词词义辨析。reporter“记者”；doctor“医生”；scientist“科学家”；cook“厨师”。由句意“因此他经常在医院里帮助病人”知约翰想成为一名医生，故选B。【答案】B13I have trouble learning math this t

17、erm.You should pay more _to your teachers advice.Amoney Battention Ctime【解析】本题考查名词的用法。pay attention to.“注意”，是固定短语，故选B。【答案】B14 The two cities have reached an _to develop science and technology.Aeducation Bexcitement Cagreement Dinvention【解析】本题考查名词的用法。reach an agreement“达成协议”，是固定搭配，故选C。【答案】C15Could yo

18、u tell me something about the boy who helped you just now?Sorry, I know nothing about him.We are_.Afriends BneighborsCclassmates Dstrangers【解析】由答语前面的“对不起，我不认识他”，可知这里是指“陌生人”。【答案】D16 I dont think looking after children is just _ work.Awoman Bwomans Cwomen Dwomens【解析】句意为“我认为照看孩子不仅仅是女人的工作。”由句意可判断此处应用名词所

19、有格，又因为woman的复数形式是women，故选D。【答案】D17Why are you still waiting in line?Ive missed my _.Aplace Border Cturn Dtime【解析】句意为“你为什么仍然在排队？”“我错过了我的一次机会了。”place “地方”； order “顺序”； turn“轮到的机会”； time“时间”。通过句意可知，只有C项符合题意，故答案为C。【答案】C18I hear you have to run for half an hour every day.Right.It is one of the _ in my sc

20、hool.Achoices Bplans Chobbies Drules【解析】句意为“我听说你每天必须跑步半小时。”“是的，这是我们学校的规则之一。”choices“选择”；plans“计划”；hobbies“爱好”；rules“规则”。所以选择答案D。【答案】D19 _ mothers cant go to the meeting, because they have gone to New York on business.AAlice and Lilys BAlices and LilysCAlices and Lily【解析】A选项是指她们共同的母亲；B选项表示她们各自的母亲；C选项

21、没有这种表达形式，首先排除。由后句的they可知，这里指的是她们各自的母亲，因此答案为B。【答案】B20The land in the southwest of China is in great need of _.Yes, it hasnt rained for a long time there.Amilk Btea Ccoffee Dwater【解析】根据答语可知西南很需要水，故答案选D。【答案】D21How far is your home from school? Its about two _ walk.Ahours Bhours Chours【解析】本题考查名词所有格的用法。两

22、小时的路程表达是“two hours walk”， hour需要变复数后加“”，故选C。【答案】C22Im not sure about the meaning of the word.Youd better look it up in a _.Aletter Bdictionary Cpostcard Dnotice【解析】letter“书信”；dictionary“字典、词典”；postcard“卡片”；notice“布告”，根据题意“我不知道这个词语的意思。”“你最好查词典。”知答案选B。【答案】B23Whose computer doesnt work?_， I think.AJohn

23、 has BJohn does CJohn DJohns【解析】句意为“谁的计算机出毛病啦？”“约翰的，我想。”故答语应用名词所有格形式，所以答案应选D。【答案】D24Oh, my God! We have missed the last bus.What shall we do?Im afraid we have no _ but to take a taxi.Achoice Bdecision Creason Didea【解析】“have missed the last bus”和“but to take a taxi”可知是别无选择。句意是“哎，天啊，我们已经错过了最后一班车，我们应该怎

24、么办呢？”“我想我们除了乘出租车别无选择了。”【答案】A25Good morning, madam.Can I help you?Sure, Id like _，please.Atwo cups of coffees Btwo cup of coffeesCtwo cups of coffee Dtwo cup of coffee【解析】coffee 是不可数名词，不能加s，排除A和B；两杯应是two cups，排除D。故选C。【答案】C26Do you know the young lady over there?Yes.Shes _ mother.ALily and Lucy BLilys

25、 and LucysCLilys and Lucy DLily and Lucys【解析】根据空后的mother可知是两人共有的，两人共有某物时，只需要在后一个词后加s。句意是“你认识那儿的那个年轻女士吗？”“是的，她是莉莉和露西的妈妈。”【答案】D27 After walking for more than half an hour, we decided to take _ rest.Aa few minutes Ba few minutesCa little minutes Da little minutes【解析】minute是可数名词由a few来修饰且要用复数形式，名词以s结尾时，

26、所有格直接加。句意是“走了半个多小时后，我们决定休息几分钟。”故选B。【答案】B28Where are the_？They are playing_ basketball on the playground.Aman teachers; the Bmen teachers; theCman teachers; / Dmen teachers; /【解析】man作定语时，两个名词都要变复数； 球类运动的短语中，球类之前不可用冠词，故选D。句意是“男老师在哪儿？”“他们正在操场上打篮球。”【答案】D29)Betty has a silk_.She can sing very well.Avoice

27、 Blook Csound Dnoise【解析】根据“She can sing very well.”可知她的声音很好，人的声音用voice表示。句意是“贝蒂的声音好，她可以唱得非常好。”【答案】A30Oh, there isnt enough_ for us on the bus.No hurry.Lets wait for the next one.Afloor Bground Croom Dplace【解析】根据on the bus和答句可知是没有足够的空间够我们用了。句意是“哎呀，公共汽车上没有我们足够的空间了。”“别着急，让我们等下一趟吧。”【答案】C31 I saw many _

28、eating grasson the hill.Ahorse Bcow Cdeers Dsheep【解析】many后跟名词复数，A，B都不是复数，deer和sheep单复数相同，故答案选D。【答案】D二、根据句意及所给汉语意思写出所缺单词1 The Great Wall of China is one of the _(奇迹) of the world.【解析】“奇迹”为wonder，one of后接复数名词。【答案】wonders2 More and more _(外国人)come to visit China.【解析】“外国人”为foreigner；more是many的比较级，后接名词的复

29、数。【答案】foreigners3 After three _(星期) holiday, we came back to work.【解析】本题考查名词所有格的用法。以s结尾的复数名词的所有格在s后加“”。【答案】weeks4 To our great _(惊讶), Tom failed to pass the graduation exam.【解析】to ones surprise“使某人惊讶的是”。【答案】surprise5He cant see the blackboard clearly, so he needs a pair of _(眼镜)【解析】a pair of glasses“一副眼镜”。【答案】glasses6We should pay attention to our behavior and try to be good_