1、重点动词短语讲练中考复习九 重点动词短语讲练考试要求: 短语动词是英语学习的难点之一,也是中考英语的重要考点。一些形似的短语动词,含义却不同;有时同一个短语动词,却具有多层含义。同一个动词搭配了不同的介词或者副词,其含义也不相同。在中考中直接考查短语动词的题型经常是单项选择和翻译句子,而在其他题型也经常出现短语动词,对这些短语动词的正确理解和应用,是做好阅读理解及完形填空等题有着关键的意义,所以应该在复习时认真区分、理解,多掌握一些常考的短语动词的固定用法。 知识总结: 一、短语动词的基本知识结构: 由两个或两个以上的词一起构成一个短语,相当于一个动词,称为短语动词。短语动词主要有以下1. 动
2、词+介词(+宾语)此类结构相当于一个及物动词,可用于被动语态。常见的有look for (寻找),look after (照顾),ask for (请求),laugh at (嘲笑),hear of (听说),care for (喜欢),stand for (代表),wait for (等待)等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后,其中的介词一般不重读,重音一般都落在动词上。例如:The hunter aimed at the lion and fired, but missed. 猎人对准狮子开了枪,但是没有打中。I suggest that you attend to the most ur
3、gent matters and let the rest wait. 我建议你先去处理最紧急的事情,别的事可以等一等。 I think of you all the time. 我总是想起你。All the new words were looked up. 所有的生词都查过了。 2. 动词+副词(+宾语)此类短语动词中的副词一般要重读。常见的有give up (放弃),pick up (捡起;接某人),think over (仔细考虑),find out (查明;查出),hand in (上交)等。有的短语动词可用作不及物动词,有的可用作及物动词。用作及物动词的情况比较多,当宾语是名词时,
4、它可以置于短语动词之后,也可以置于短语动词之中。但宾语为代词时,则只能置于短语动词之中。例如:Dont talk back when Im speaking to you. 我和你说话的时候不要还嘴。 He brought up his children strictly. 他管教孩子很严格。 He called the man up. (He called up the man.) 他给那人打了电话。 He called her up. 他给她打了电话。3. 动词+副词+介词(+宾语)常见的有 get along with (进展), catch up with (追上)等。这类短语动词的宾
5、语只能放在介词后边。此类短语动词只能用作及物动词,也称为“三词动词”,中间的副词要重读。例如: The money their son spent in French added up to 5,000 dollars. 他们的儿子在法国总共花了5,000美元。 We have run out of all the money. 我们的钱都花光了。All my freinds are looking forward to seeing you in Beijing now. 所有我的朋友都期待着在北京见到你。4. 动词名词常见的有take place (发生), make friends (交
6、朋友)等。这类短语动词用作不及物动词。例如:This story took place three years ago. 这个故事发生在三年前。I like making friends with a lot of people. 我喜欢和许多人交朋友。5. 动词+名词+介词(+宾语)常见的有take care of (照顾), make use of (利用), pay attention to (注意), make fun of (取笑)等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后边。此类短语动词只能用作及物动词,短语动词中的名词前可以有形容词作定语。例如: Please pay much att
7、ention to what the teacher says. 请特别注意老师说的话。 He takes good care of his elderly mother. 他悉心照顾年迈的母亲。 She always keeps an eye on her baby when she is doing the housework.她做家务的时候,总是留心着她的孩子。 We must make full use of our time. 我们必须充分利用时间。6. 动词+介词+名词常见的有keepin mind (牢记), learn by heart (背熟),seton fire (点火烧
8、),get in touch (取得联系),go to bed (上床睡觉),put on weight (长胖)等。例如:We have kept in touch with each other since we became friends in 2003. 自从我们2003年成为朋友后就一直保持联系。Please learn all these by heart after class. 请课后把这些都背熟。7动词形容词常见的有leaveopen (让开着), setfree (释放), cutopen (切开)等。这类短语动词中的形容词是宾语的补足语,宾语如果是名词,则宾语可放在形容
9、词的前边,也可放在后边;宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词,则必须放在形容词前边。例如:The prisoners were set free. 犯人获得自由。 He cut it open. 他把它切开。二、中考常考的重点短语动词: 短语动词是中考的重要内容之一。在初中阶段,我们已经学习了不少短语动词,把他们加以归纳总结而进行重点复习是十分必要的。1. 连系动词be构成的短语动词: 1)be made in 在生产或制造表示在某个地点生产或者制造,介词in的后面用表示地点的名词。例如:The red cars are made in Shanghai. 这些红色的小汽车是上海生产的。2)be ma
10、de of 由生产或制造表示由什么材料制造或者生产的,产品能够看出原材料,介词of的后面用名词作宾语。例如:This bridge is made of stones and wood. 这座桥是由木材和石头造的。(能够看出原材料)3)be made from 由生产或制造表示由什么材料制造或者生产的,产品不能够看出原材料,介词of的后面用名词作宾语。例如:This kind of paper is made from the grass. 这种纸张是由草生产的。(不能看出原材料)随时练:Your kite looks very nice. It is _ silk, and it is _
11、Weifang.A. made from;made of B. made of;made from C. made of;made in D. made in;made from【答案与解析】答案是C。第一个空用短语动词be made of表示“风筝是由丝绸做的”,看得出原材料所以用介词of;第二个空用短语动词be made in和表示地点的名词连用表示在某地制作的。所以本题选择C。2. 动词come构成的短语动词1) come down 下来;落下表示某人或者某物从某处落下来,和fall down是同义短语。例如:The birds come down from the tree to pi
12、ck some corns. 一些鸟从树上落下来拣谷物吃。2) come along 来;随同表示某人或者某物跟随来某个地方,同义短语是go along。例如:You can come along to his party with me. 你可以随同我一起去参加他的晚会。3) come to oneself 苏醒表示人或动物又活过来的意思。come to的后面用反身代词。例如:The boy came to himself after the doctors hard work. 经过大夫的努力工作,这个小男孩苏醒过来了。4) come true 实现come true经常表示某个人的梦想经
13、过一番努力后而实现。例如:The Chinese hundred years dream of hosting the Olympic has come true at last. 中国人民百年奥运梦想最后终于实现了。5) come out 花开;发芽;出现;出来come out经常表示“(花)开了、(树木)发芽了”,(某个事物)出现了。它也可以表示“某本书出版了”的意思。例如:A lot of flowers come out when spring comes. 当春天到来的时候,许多花都开了。My fathers novel came out last month. 我爸爸的小说上个月出
14、版了。6) come over 过来;顺便来访come over经常表示某个人顺便拜访某人,不是经过计划,而是顺便或顺路拜访。例如:We often come over to our friends when we go out for a walk. 我们经常在散步的时候顺便拜访朋友。7) come in 进来反义词短语是come out。例如:May I come in? 我可以进来吗?Come in, please. 请进!8) come on 来吧;跟着来;赶快come on在口语中经常用来表示催促、鼓励、安慰等,也可用来表示“加油”的意思,特别是在运动会上。例如:Come on, m
15、y boy! I will give you something delicious to eat. 过来!我的孩子,我要给你一些好吃的东西。9) come up with 找到;提出短语动词come up with表示某人经过思考想出解决问题的办法,和短语动词think of是同义短语。例如:Who has come up with this good idea? 是谁想出这个好办法的?随时练:When will Han Hans new book _? Sorry, I dont know. I am looking forward to his new book, too.A. come
16、 on B. come out C. come in D. come over【答案与解析】答案是B。本题是考查短语动词的用法,从句子的意思理解要用短语动词come out表示“出版”的意思。3. 动词do构成的短语动词: 1) do ones best 尽最大努力do ones best后面经常接动词不定式,意思是“尽某人的最大努力做某事”,和try ones best是同义短语。例如:You must do your best to learn English well. 你应该尽你最大努力学习好英语。2) do well in 在干得好do well in中介词in后要用名词、代词或者动
17、名词作宾语,同义短语是be good at。例如:My brother does better in playing soccer than Tom. 我的弟弟足球比汤姆踢得好。3) do ones homework 做作业此短语中的ones随着句子的主语变化而变化,可以用物主代词,也可以用名词所有格的形式。例如:We often do our homework at home after dinner. 我们经常晚饭后在家做作业。4) do some reading 阅读此短语动词是由dosome动名词构成,表示从事某项活动,类似短语还有do some shopping/ washing/
18、cleaning/ swimming等,这类短语与go 动名词(去从事某项活动)是同义短语,如:do some shopping意思是“购物”,而go shopping意思是“去购物”。例如:Our teacher asks us to do some reading every day. 我们的老师要求我们每天都要阅读。5) do someone a favour帮某人忙 Can you do me a favour? 你能帮我个忙吗?6) do with处置, 处理What do you often do with the waste paper? 你们经常怎样处理废纸?随时练:My br
19、other _ at all. So my parents are very angry with him.A. do the homework B. do his best C. doesnt do his homeworkD. doesnt his homework【答案与解析】答案是C。句意是“我弟弟根本不做作业,所以我的父母非常生气。”,用短语动词do his homework的否定形式,所以选择C。4. 动词fall构成的短语动词: 1) fall asleep 入睡短语动词fall asleep是由动词形容词构成,asleep是作表语的形容词,同义短语是go to sleep。例如
20、:We all fell asleep quickly after working for a long time. 工作了很长一段时间后我们很快就入睡了。2) fall behind 落后;落在后面短语动词fall behind是动词介词构成。例如:You will fall behind your classmates if you miss a lot of lessons. 如果你落下许多功课的话,你就会落在你的同班同学的后面。3) fall off 从掉下短语动词fall off中的off可以是副词,也可以是介词,意思是“脱离”,可以直接接宾语。例如:My brother falls
21、 off from a big tree. 我的弟弟从一棵大树上掉下来。4) fall down 倒下;跌倒;跌下短语动词fall down是由动词副词构成。表示从某处落下,要加from。例如:The baby falls down when she runs to her mother. 这个婴儿朝妈妈跑去时跌倒了。How was it possible to fall down from the third floor without being hurt? 从三楼掉下而没有受伤,这怎么可能呢?随时练:Study hard or you may _ your classmates.A. f
22、all off B. fall into C. fall down D. fall behind【答案与解析】答案是D。fall behind表示“落后”的意思。句意:努力学习,否则的话你可能落后于你的同学。5. 动词get构成的短语动词: 1) get down 下来;落下get down是由动词副词构成。例如:The price of the house will get down next year. 房子的价格明年会下来的。2) get on 上车get on由动词介词构成,它的反义词短语是get off表示“下车”。例如:We saw him get on the bus just
23、now. 我们刚才看到他上车了。3) get to 到达短语动词get to由动词介词构成,介词to的后面接表示地点的名词。如果接副词,要去掉to。例如:Please give me a call when you get to Beijing. 当你到达北京的时候请给我打个电话。When will you get there? 你什么时候到那里?4) get up 起床When do you usually get up in the morning? 你通常在早上什么时候起床?5) get back 回来;取回get back由动词get副词back构成,如果宾语是代词,要放在back前。
24、例如:Please buy some bananas for me when you get back. 当你回来的时候,请给我买一些香蕉。I never lend books; you never get them back. 我的书决不外借,因为总是有去无回。6) get off 下来;下车get off的反义词短语是get on。例如:Dont get off until the bus has stopped. 车停稳再下车。7) get on well with sb. 与某人相处融洽get on well with sb.的同义短语是get along well with sb.
25、例如:We get on well with the people there when we work in that village. 当我们在那个村庄工作的时候,我们与那里的人相处很融洽。How are you getting on with your classmates? 你和你的同学相处得怎么样?8) get married 结婚这个短语是由动词get和过去分词married构成。例如:My sister got married last month. 我的姐姐上个月结婚了。9) get ready for为做准备 We are getting read for the comin
26、g exam. 我们正在为即将到来的考试做准备。10) get / be tired of对感到厌倦The children will get tired of the book in 10 minutes. 十分钟后孩子们厌倦了这本书。随时练:Dont _ the bus until it stops at last, or it is very dangerous.A. get on B. get up C. get offD. get to【答案与解析】答案是C。句意:不要下车直到它停下来,否则非常危险。本题是考查短语动词get off表示下车的意思,所以选择C。6. 动词give构成的
27、短语动词: 1) give up 放弃短语动词give up后要用名词或动名词形式作宾语。例如:My father has already given up smoking. 我的父亲已经放弃吸烟了。 Dont give up learning English although it is a little hard. 尽管英语有点难,但不要放弃学习英语。2) give a concert 开音乐会短语动词give a concert的意思是“开音乐会、举办音乐会”,和短语动词hold a concert是同义短语。例如:We will give a concert in the hall t
28、omorrow. 我们明天在大厅里举办音乐会。3) give away 赠送、捐出The teachers give away their money to the poor students. 老师们把钱捐给那些贫穷的学生。4) give off 散发、发出The sun gives off light and heat. 太阳发出光和热。随时练:As a student, you should _ drinking wine too much quickly.A. give out B. give up C. give off D. give away【答案与解析】答案是B。句意:作为一名
29、学生,你应该尽快放弃过多喝酒。give up doing something表示“放弃做某事”。7. 动词go构成的短语动词: 1) go on 继续表示继续做某事要go on doing something或go on with something,with后面接名词或代词。go on to do something意思是“接着做另一件事”。例如:Go on reading English please. 请继续读英语。After writing the new words, the teacher taught us a song. 写完生词后,我们老师教我们一首歌。2) go home 回家这个短语是由动词go和副词home构成,中间不用to。而表示上学的短语动词是go to school,去睡觉的短语动词是go to bed,名词前面用to。例如:We often go home directly after school. 放学后我们经常直接回家。4) go over 过一遍;仔细检查短语动词go over和动词review是同义词。例如:You must go over all your lesson before the exam. 考试前你一定要把所有的功课复习一
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