七年级英语语法上册下册总结.docx

1、七年级英语语法上册下册总结七年级英语语法上册下册总结：一、七年级英语语法词法1、名词A）、名词的数我们知道名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词，而不可数名词它没有复数形式，但可数名词却有单数和复数之分，复数的构成如下：一）在后面加s。如：fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas二）x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如：boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, faxes三）1）以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es 如：baby-babies, family-families, duty

2、-duties, comedy-comedies, documentary-documentaries, story-stories2）以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如：day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways四）以o结尾加s（外来词）。如：radios, photos, 但如是辅音加o的加es：如: tomatoes西红柿, potatoes马铃薯五）以f或fe结尾的变f为v再加es(s)。如：knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-

3、yourselves六）单复数相同（不变的）有：fish, sheep, deer鹿子, Chinese, Japanese七）一般只有复数，没有单数的有：people,pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks八）单词形式不变，既可以是单数也可以是复数的有：police警察局，警察, class班，同学, family家，家庭成员九）合成的复数一般只加主要名词，多数为后一个单词。如：action movie-action movies, pen pal-pen pals; 但如果是由man或woman所组成的合成词的复数则同时为

4、复数。如：man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers十）有的单复数意思不同。如：fish鱼 fishes鱼的种类, paper纸 papers报纸，卷子，论文, work工作 works作品，工厂, glass玻璃 glasses玻璃杯，眼镜, orange桔子水 oranges橙子, light光线 lights灯, people人 peoples民族, time时间 times时代, 次数, chicken 鸡肉 chickens 小鸡十一） 单个字母的复数可以有两种形式直接加s或s。如：Is (Is), Ks (Ks)。但如是

5、缩略词则只加s。如：IDs, VCDs, SARs十二） 特殊形式的有：child-children, man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, mouse-mice, policeman-policemen, Englishman-EnglishmenB）名词的格当我们要表示某人的什么东西或人时，我们就要使用所有格形式。构成如下：一）单数在后面加s。如：brothers, Mikes, teachers二）复数以s结尾的直接在s后加，如果不是以s结尾的与单数一样处理。如：Teachers Day教师节, classmates; Childrens Day六一节, Wo

6、mens Day三八节三）由and并列的名词所有时，如果是共同所有同一人或物时，只加最后一个s，但分别拥有时却分别按单数形式处理。如：Mike and Bens room迈克和本的房间（共住一间），Mikes and Bens rooms迈克和本的房间（各自的房间）2、代词项目 人称代词 物主代词 指示代词 反身代词人称 主格 宾格 形容词 名词性第一人称 单数 I me my mine myself复数 we us our ours ourselves第二人称 单数 you you your yours yourself复数 you you your yours yourselves第三人称

7、 单数 she her her hers herselfhe him his his himselfit it its its this that itself复数 they them their theirs these those themselves3、动词A） 第三人称单数当动词是第三人称单数时，动词应该像名词的单数变动词那样加s，如下：一）一般在词后加s。如：comes, spells, waits, talks, sees, dances, trains二）在x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如：watches, washes, wishes, finishes三）1）以

8、辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es。如：study-studies, hurry-hurries, try-tries2）以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如：plays, says, stays, enjoys, buys四）以o结尾加es。如：does, goes五）特殊的有：are-is, have-hasB） 现在分词当我们说某人正在做什么事时，动词要使用分词形式，不能用原形，构成如下：一）一般在后加ing。如：spell-spelling, sing-singing, see-seeing, train-training, play-playing, hurry-hurrying, wa

9、tch-watching, go-going, do-doing二）以不发音e的结尾的去掉e再加ing。如：dance-dancing, wake-waking, take-taking, practice-practicing, write-writing, have-having三）以重读闭音节结尾且一个元音字母一个辅音字母（注意除开字母组合如show showing, draw-drawing）要双写最后的辅音字母再加ing。如：put-putting, run-running, get-getting, let-letting, begin-beginning四）以ie结尾的变ie为y

10、再加ing。如：tie-tying系 die-dying死 lie-lying 位于4、形容词的级我们在对两个或以上的人或物进行对比时，则要使用比较或最高级形式。构成如下：一） 一般在词后加er或est(如果是以e结尾则直接加r或st)。如：greater-greatest, shorter shortest, taller tallest, longer longest, nicer- nicest, larger -largest二）以重读闭音节结尾且1个元音字母1个辅音字母(字母组合除外，如few-fewer fewest)结尾的双写结尾的辅音再加er /est。如：big-bigger

11、 biggest, red-redder reddest, hot-hotter hottest三） 以辅音字母y结尾的变y为i加er/est。如：happy-happier happiest, sorry-sorrier sorriest, friendly-friendlier friendliest(more friendly most friendly), busy-busier busiest, easy-easier easiest四）特殊情况：(两好多坏，一少老远)good/well - better best many/much - more most bad/ill wors

12、e worstlittle- less least old- older/elder oldest/eldest far- farther/further farthest/furthest5、数词 (基变序，有规则；一、二、三，自己背；五、八、九、十二；其它后接th；y结尾，变为i, eth跟上去。) first, second, third; fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth; seventh, tenth, thirteenth, hundredth; twenty-twentieth, forty-fortieth, ninety-ninetieth二、七年级

13、英语语法句式1.陈述句肯定陈述句 a) This is a book. (be动词)b) He looks very young. (连系动词)c) I want a sweat like this. (实义动词)d) I can bring some things to school. (情态动词)e) Theres a computer on my desk. (There be结构)否定陈述句 a) These arent their books. b) They dont look nice.c) Kate doesnt go to No. 4 Middle School. d) Ka

14、te cant find her doll.e) There isnt a cat here. (=Theres no cat here.)2. 祈使句肯定祈使句 a) Please go and ask the man. b) Lets learn English!c) Come in, please.否定祈使句a) Dont be late. b) Dont hurry.3. 疑问句1) 一般疑问句 a) Is Jim a student? b) Can I help you? c) Does she like salad?d) Do they watch TV? e) Is she re

15、ading?肯定回答: a) Yes, he is. b) Yes, you can. c) Yes, she does. d) Yes, they do. e) Yes, she is.否定回答: a) No, he isnt. b) No, you cant. c) No, she doesnt. d) No, they dont. e) No, she isnt.2) 选择疑问句 Is the table big or small? 回答 Its big./ Its small.3) 特殊疑问句 问年龄 How old is Lucy? She is twelve. 问种类 What k

16、ind of movies do you like? I like action movies and comedies. 问身体状况 How is your uncle? He is well/fine. 问方式 How do/can you spell it? L-double O-K.How do we contact you? My e-mail address is cindyjones. 问原因 Why do you want to join the club? 问时间 Whats the time? (=What time is it?) Its a quarter to ten

17、 a.m.What time do you usually get up, Rick? At five oclock.When do you want to go? Lets go at 7:00. 问地方 Wheres my backpack? Its under the table. 问颜色 What color are they? They are light blue.Whats your favourite color? Its black. 问人物 Whos that? Its my sister.Who is the boy in blue? My brother.Who isn

18、t at school? Peter and Emma.Who are Lisa and Tim talking to? 问东西 Whats this/that (in English)? Its a pencil case.What else can you see in the picture? I can see some broccoli, strawberries and hamburgers.11问姓名 Whats your aunts name? Her name is Helen./Shes Helen.Whats your first name? My first names

19、 Ben.Whats your family name? My family names Smith.12 问哪一个 Which do you like? I like one in the box.13 问字母 What letter is it? Its big D/small f.14 问价格 How much are these pants? Theyre 15 dollars.15 问电话号码 Whats your phone number? Its 576-8349.16 问谓语(动作) Whats he doing? Hes watching TV.17 问职业(身份) What

20、 do you do? Im a teacher.Whats your father? Hes a doctor.三、七年级英语语法时态1、一般现在时 表示普遍、经常性的或长期性的动作时使用一般现在时，它有：Be 动词：Shes a worker. Is she a worker? She isnt a worker.情态动词：I can play the piano. Can you play the piano? I cant play the piano.行为动词：They want to eat some tomatoes. Do they want to eat any tomato

21、es? They dont want to eat any tomatoes.Gina has a nice watch. Does Gina have a nice watch? Gina doesnt have a watch.2、现在进行时 表示动词在此时正在发生或进行就使用进行时态，结构为sb be v-ing sth + 其它.Im playing baseball. Are you playing baseball? Im not playing baseball.Nancy is writing a letter. Is Nancy writing a letter? Nancy

22、 isnt writing a letter.Theyre listening to the pop music. Are they listening the pop music? They arent listening to the pop music.一、词（ 一 ） 名词 1、 名词的复数 （1）、一般的直接加s，如 desk（desks） 、pen(pens) 、ruler(rulers) （2）、以 x 、s、ch、sh结 尾 的 加 es如 box(boxes)、class(classes)、watch(watches)等 （3）、以辅音字母加y结尾的要变y为i加es， 如 f

23、amily ,comedy,documentary等 (4)、以0结尾的名词，有生命的加es如：tomato(tomatoes) 、potato (potatoes ); 没有生命的加s,如 photo(photos)、piano(pianos)、zero(zeros) 2、 名词所有格在名词的后边加s ,表示后面的名词属于前面的名词所有 ， 如 LiLeis bag Toms desk 、her mothers brother 3、 专用名词的大写 如 English、Brown 、Rush 、Sunday 、January 、December、 Beijing Opera （ 二 ） 动词

24、 1、 动词的种类(四类) 系动词如 be(is am are)； 情态动词如 can 、may、need；助动词（ do does）；行为动词如 take 、bring、eat、have(has)、like、sell、buy、sale、play、see、find、go、watch、thank、think 等 2、 动词的第三人称单数（与名词的复数一样 ） 如 eat(eats) take (takes) buy (buys) play (plays) have(has) are (is)3、 动词的时态（一般现在时 ） （ 1）含有系动词的 Im a Chinese boy . She is

25、 twelve . He is Tims brother . Her mother is an English teacher .含有系动词的句子在变一般疑问句时只将“主语和系动词交换位置”，上面句子变成一般疑 问句时分别为 Are you a Chinese boy ?（ 注意第一人称通常变为第二人称 ） Is she twelve ?Is he Tims brother ?Is her mother an English teacher ?含有系动词的句子在变否定句时只须“在系动词的后边加上not”，前面的几个了陈述句变否定句分别为 Im not a Chinese boy.She isn

26、t twelve .He is not Tims btother .Her mother isnt an English teacher .(2)含有情态动词的句子 （ can ）, She can play basketball.His mothers cousin can sing many English songs. 含有情态动词的句子在变一般疑问句时只须将“主语和情态动词交换位置”，上面两句变一般疑问句分别为Can she play basketball ?Can his mothers cousin sing many English songs ?含有情态动词的句子在变否定句时直

27、接在情态动词的后边加上not ,上面两个陈述句变否定句分别为She can not play basketball .His mothers cousin can not sing many English songs .(3)含有行为动词的句子We have many friends.They watch TV at 7 in the evening .The students take their books to school .I have lunch at school .You have a sister .含有行为动词的句子在变一般疑问句时要在原句子的前面加do.上面的句子变成一

28、般疑问句分别为Do you have many friends ?Do they watch TV at 7 in the evening ?Do the students take their books to school ?Do you have lunch at school ?Do you have a sister ?含有行为动词的句子在变否定句时只须在行为动词前加dont .上述五个陈述句变否定句分别为We dont have many friends.They dont watch TV at 7 in the evening .The students dont take t

29、heir books to school .I dont have lunch at school .You dont have a sister .含有行为动词的句子，当主语是第三人称单数时，行为动词要加s (或es)如：She has a red pen .He has eggs for breakfast .Her mother buys a skirt for her .She likes thrillers .My brother watches TV every evening .He wants to go to a movie .含有行为动词的句子，当主语是第三人称单数时，变一

30、般疑问句要“在原句子的前面加上does , 同时行为动词要还原”。上面的句子变成一般疑问句分别为：Does she have a red pen ?Does he have eggs for breakfast ?Does her mother buy a skirt for her ?Does she like thrillers ？Does your brother watch TV every evening ？Does he want to go to a movie ？含有行为动词的句子，当主语是第三人称单数时，变否定句时“在行为动词前面加doesnt , 同时原行为动词要还原”。上

31、面的句子变否定句分别为：She doesnt have a red pen .He doesnt have eggs for breakfast .Her mother doesnt buy a skirt for her .She doesnt like thrillers .My brother doesnt watch TV every evening .He doesnt want to go to a movie .（三）形容词本册所学的形容词不多，注意拼法和反义词big (small) long (short) sad (happy) boring (interestingfunny ) exciting difficult relaxing great healthy old (new) successful white (black)（四）代词1、人称代词和物主代词人称代词第一人称第二人称第三人称单数复数单数复数单数复