1、化工专业英语词汇化工专业英语词汇reaction kinetics 反应动力学reactant 反应物purify 精制提纯recycle 循环回收 unconverted reactant未转化的反应物chemical reactortransfer of heat, evaporation, crystallization结晶drying干燥screening筛选,浮选chemical reaction化学反应cracking of petroleum石油裂解catalyst催化剂, reaction zone反应区conservation of mass and energy能量与质量守
2、衡定律technical advance 技术进步efficiency improvement 效率提高reaction 反应separation 分离 heat exchange 热交换 reactive distillation 反应精馏capital expenditure 基建投资setup 装置capital outlay 费用,成本,基建投资yield 产率,收率reaction byproduct 反应副产物equilibrium constant 平衡常数waste 废物feedstock 进料,原料product 产物,产品percent conversion百分比转化率et
3、her 乙醚gasoline汽油oxygenate content 氧含量catalyst 催化剂reactant 反应物inert 惰性物,不参加反应的物质reactive distillation 反应精馏energy saving 节约能量energy efficiency 能量效率heat-sensitive material 热敏性物质pharmaceutical 制药foodstuff 食品gas diffusivity气体扩散性,气体扩散系数gas adsorption 吸收;absorption:吸附specialty chemical特殊化学品,特种化学品batch间歇的;c
4、ontinuous:连续的micro-reactor 微型反应器hydrogen and methane oxidation 氢气和甲烷氧化反应ethylene epoxidation 乙烯环氧化反应phosgene synthesis 光气合成.commercial proportions 商业规模replication 复制sensor 传感器,探头separation of solids 固体分离suspension 悬浮液 porous medium 多孔介质filtration 过滤medium 介质filter 过滤器trap 收集,捕集Buchner funnel 布氏漏斗Vac
5、uum 真空conical funnel 锥形漏斗filter paper 滤纸area 面积filter cake 滤饼factor 因数,因子,系数,比例viscosity 黏度density 密度 corrosive property 腐蚀性particle size 颗粒尺寸shape 形状size distribution 粒度分布packing characteristics填充性质concentration 浓度filtrate 滤液feed liquor 进料液pretreatment 预处理 latent heat 潜热resistance 阻力surface layer 表
6、面层filtering medium 过滤介质drop in pressure 压降 filtering surface 过滤表面filter cake 滤饼cake filtration 饼层过滤deep bed filtration 深层过滤depth 深度law 定律net flow 净流量conduction 传导 convection 对流radiation 辐射 temperature gradient 温度梯度metallic solid 金属固体thermal conduction 热传导motion of unbound electrons 自由电子的运动electrical
7、 conductivity 导电性thermal conductivity 导热性poor conductor of electricity 不良导电体transport of momentum 动量传递 the random motion of molecules 分子无规则运动brick wall 墙壁 furnace 火炉,燃烧器metal wall of a tube 金属管壁macroscopic particle 宏观的粒子control volume 控制体enthalpy 焓 macroscopic phenomenon 宏观现象 forces of friction 摩擦力f
8、luid mechanics 流体力学 flux(通量,流通量) of enthalpy 焓通量eddy 尾流,涡流turbulent flow 湍流natural and forced convection 自然对流和强制对流 buoyancy force 浮力temperature gradient 温度梯度electromagnetic wave 电磁波 fused quartz 熔化的石英 reflect 反射,inflection:折射 matte无光泽的,无光的temperature level 温度高低inter-phase mass transfer界相际间质量传递rate o
9、f diffusion扩散速率 acetone 丙酮dissolve 溶解 ammonia 氨ammonia-air mixture 氨气-水混合物 physical process 物理过程 oxides of nitrogen 氮氧化物nitric acid 硝酸carbon dioxide 二氧化碳sodium hydroxide 氢氧化钠actualrate of absorption 实际吸收速率two-film theory 双膜理论 concentration difference 浓度差in the vicinity of 在附近,靠近.,大约,在左右molecular dif
10、fusion 分子扩散laminar sub-layer 层流底层resistance 阻力,阻止boundary layer 边界层Ficks Law 费克定律is proportional to 与成比例 concentration gradient 浓度梯度plate tower 板式塔installation 装置feed 进料bottom 底部,塔底solvent 溶剂top 顶部,塔顶partial vaporization 部分汽化boiling point 沸点equimolecular counter-diffusion 等分子反向扩散ideal system 理想系统rat
11、io of A to B A与B的比值with the result that:由于 的缘故,鉴于 的结果tray 塔板packed tower 填料塔bubble-cap tower 泡罩塔spray chamber 喷淋室maintenance expense 维修费foundation 基础tower shell 塔体packing material 填料pump 泵blower 风机accessory heater 附属加热器cooler 冷却器heat exchanger 换热器solvent-recovery system 溶剂回收系统operating cost 操作费用 pow
12、er 动力circulating gas 循环气labor 劳动力steam蒸汽regenerate再生cooling water 冷却水solvent make-up 补充溶剂optimum 最优的unabsorbed component未吸收组分purity纯度volatility挥发性vapor pressure蒸汽压liquid mixture 液体混合物condense凝缩,冷凝binary distillation双组分精馏multi-component distillation多组分精馏stage-type distillation column级板式精馏塔mount 安装,固定
13、conduit导流管),downcomer 降液管gravity重力weir溢流堰vapor-liquid contacting device汽液接触装置valve tray浮阀塔板reboiler再沸器vaporization汽化condensate冷凝液,凝缩液overhead vapor塔顶汽体condenser冷凝器 ifeed tray进料板 base塔底,基础 bottoms product塔底产品 condensation冷凝stripping section汽提段,提馏段distillate section精馏段total condense全凝器distillate produ
14、ct塔顶馏出产品reflux回流thermodynamic equilibrium 热力学平衡solution溶液fractional crystallization分步结晶solubility,溶解度,溶解性soluble可溶解的solvent溶剂 employ采纳,利用miscible可混合的,可溶的,可搅拌的mechanical separation 机械分离)liquid-liquid extraction 液液萃取aromatic 芳香烃的 paraffin石蜡,链烷烃 lubricating oil润滑油decompose分解,离解,还原,腐烂penicillin青霉素strept
15、omycin(链霉素)precipitation沉淀,沉析ethyl alcohol乙醇)extract萃取液heat requirement热负荷solute溶质extract phase萃取相baffle-plate折流挡板,缓冲挡板settling tank沉降槽centrifuge离心.离心机,离心分离emulsifying agent乳化剂density difference密度差raffinate萃余液extract 萃取液drying of Solids 固体干燥process material过程物料(相对最终产品而言的) organic有机的,有机物的 benzene苯hum
16、idity湿度moisture content湿含量 drying rate干燥速率critical moisture content临界湿湿含量falling-rate降速concave (凸的,凸面)or convex(凹的,凹面) approximate to:接近,趋近straight line:直线constant-rate drying period恒速干燥阶段 convection drying对流干燥drying gas干燥气体 falling-rate period降速干燥阶段mean value平均值vacuum drying真空干燥discolor变色,脱色sublime
17、升华freeze drying冷冻干燥adiabatic绝热的,不传热的pressure gradientperpendicular to:与-垂直counter-current逆流per unit area单位面积 water-cooling tower水冷塔sensible heat(sensible heat:显热)water droplet水珠,水滴quantitative relation定量关系 thermal diffusion热扩散 at right angles to 与成直角,与垂直by virtue of 由于,根据,凭借于molecular transfer分子传递ba
18、lance 抵消,平衡drag forces曳力a function of 的函数of the same order具有同一数量级eddy diffusion涡流扩散 is almost inversely proportional to 几乎与成反比Reynolds number雷诺准数fully developed turbulent flow充分发展湍流coefficient系数In principle从原理而言exothermic(放热的,endothermic吸热的,adiabatic绝热的)triple bond三健,三价nitrogen oxides氮氧化物compound化合物
19、 conversion转化,转化率 protein蛋白质compress压缩reaction yield反应产率reaction speed反应速度 one-pass(单程) reactorenergy input能量输入maximum最大的near toequilibrium接近平衡output产出,输出,产量fertilizer化肥urea尿素ammonium nitrate硝酸铵ammonium phosphate磷酸铵ammonium sulfate硫酸铵diammonium hydrogen phosphate磷酸二氢铵 ash纯碱pyridine砒啶polymers聚合物nylon
20、尼龙acrylics丙烯酸树脂via经,由,通过,借助于hydrogen cyanide氰化氢nitric acid硝酸bulk explosive集装炸药crude oil原油natural gas天然气bitumen沥青fossil fuel化石燃料seepage渗出物asphalt沥青oil drilling采油gasoline汽油paint涂料plastic塑料synthetic rubber合成橡胶fiber纤维soap肥皂cleansing agent清洗剂wax石蜡explosive炸药oil shale油页岩deposit沉积物aquatic plant 水生植物sedimen
21、tary rock沉积岩sandstone砂岩 siltstone泥岩tar sand沥青石chain-shaped链状的methane甲烷paraffin石蜡,烷烃ring-shaped(环状的) hydrocarbonnaphthene环烷烃naphtha石脑油tarry柏油的,焦油的,焦油状的asphaltene沥青油impurity杂质pollutant 污染物combustion燃烧capillarity毛细现象,毛细管力viscous resistance粘性阻力barrel桶(国际原油计量单位)tanker油轮kerosene煤油heavy gas oil重瓦斯油reformin
22、g重整cracking裂化octane number of gasoline汽油辛烷值branched-chain(带支链的)materials science材料科学mechanical, thermal, chemical, electric, magnetic, and optical behavior.(机械性能、热学性能、化学性能、电学性能、磁性能、光学性能)Amalgam 汞齐,水银;混合物,交叉solid state physics固体物理学metallurgy 冶金学,冶金术magnet 磁铁,有吸引力的人或物insulation 绝缘catalytic cracking 催化
23、裂化structural steels 结构钢computer microchip 计算机芯片Aerospace 航空 Telecommunication 电信information processing 信息处理nuclear power 核能 energy conversion 能量转化internal structure 内部结构defect structure 结构缺陷crystal flaw 晶体瑕疵vacant atomic site 原子空位dislocation 错位precipitate 沉淀物semiconductor 半导体mechanical disturbance 机
24、械扰动ductility 延展性brittleness 脆性spinning electrons 旋转电子amorphous 非定型的,非晶型的,非结晶的,玻璃状的;无一定目的的,乱七八糟chemical process safety 化工过程安全exotic chemistry 奇异化学hydrodynamic model水力学模型two-phase flow两相流dispersion model分散模型toxic有毒的release释放,排放probability of failure失效概率accident prevention事故预防hard hat 安全帽safety shoe防护鞋
25、rules and regulations 规章制度loss prevention损失预防hazard identification 危害辩识,technical evaluation技术评估safety management support安全管理基础知识safety experience安全经验technical competence技术能力safety knowledge安全知识design engineer设计师cost engineer造价师process engineering过程工程plant layout工厂布局general service facilities公用工程pla
26、nt location工厂选址close teamwork紧密的团队协作specialized group专业组storage仓库waste disposal废物处理terminology术语,词汇accountant会计师,会计,出纳final-proposal决议tangible return有形回报Empirical model 经验模型process control(过程控制) first-principles基本原理,基本规则regression model回归模型.operating condition操作条件nonlinear-equation-solving technique
27、非线性方程求解技术process-simulation software packages过程模拟软件包 least-squares-regression最小二乘法statistical technique 统计技术intensity强度,程度phenomenological model 现象模型model identification模式识别neural network神经网络a priori:先验的,既定的,不根据经验的,由原因推出结果的,演绎的,直觉的process data historian:过程数据历史编撰师qualitative定性的quantitative precision定
28、量的精确high-fidelity高保真的 computationally intensive计算量大的mathematical expressionsteady-state model稳态模型bioengineering生物工程artificial人工的hearing aid助听器artificial limb假肢supportive or substitute organ辅助或替代器官biosynthesis生物合成life scientist生命科学家agricultural engineer农艺师fermentation发酵civil engineer土木工程师sanitation卫生
29、physiologists生理学criteria 指标human medicine人体医学medical electronics医疗电子medical instrumentation医疗器械blood-flow dynamics血液流动动力学prosthetics假肢器官学biomechanics生物力学surgeon外科医生replacement organ器官移植physiologist生理学家counterpart对应物,配对物psychology心理学self-taught自学barrier障碍物medical engineering医学工程,医疗工程 health care保健dia
30、gnostic application of computers计算机诊断agricultural engineering农业工程biological production生物制品生产 bionics(仿生学) human-factors engineering人类与环境工程environmental health engineering环境健康工程environmentally benign processing环境友好加工commodity or specialty通用商品或特殊化学品 styrene苯乙烯 ibuprofen异丁苯丙酸the Chemical Manufacturers Association化工生产协会as a wh
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