英语专题复习复合句.docx

1、英语专题复习复合句中考专题复习复合句并列复合句1、基本概念并列复合句是由两个或两个以上并列而又独立的简单句构成。两个简单句常由并列连词连在一起；但有时不用连词,只在两个简单句之间用一逗号或分号。2、常见的并列句(1) 用来连接两个并列概念的连词有and , not onlybut also, neithernor等,and所连接的前后分句往往表示先后关系、递进关系。前后分句的时态往往保持一致关系,若第一个分句是祈使句,那么第二个分句用将来时。(2) 表示在两者之间选择一个, 常用的连词有or,otherwise,or else,eitheror等,前后分句的时态往往保持一致关系,若第一个分句是

2、祈使句,那么第二个分句用将来时。(3) 表明两个概念彼此有矛盾、相反或者转折, 常用的连词有but,yet,still ,however等,前后分句时态一致。(4) 说明原因, 用连词for ,前后分句时态一致。(5) 表示结果,用连词so, 前后分句时态一致。主从复合句1、概念主从复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。主句为句子的主体,从句只用作句子的一个次要成分,不能独立成为一个句子。从句通常由关联词引导,并由关联词将从句和主句联系在一起。如：While the grandparents love the children, they are strict with them.(爷爷

3、奶奶们很爱孩子,同时对他们也严格要求。) / It seemed as if the meeting would never end.(看起来会议没完没了。) / Hurry up, or (else) youll be late.(快点, 要不然就来不及了。) / However I cook eggs, the child still refuses to eat them.(不管我用什么方法煮鸡蛋,小孩还是不肯吃。)2、分类从句按其在复合句中的作用,分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、定语从句和状语从句等。（参见以下各条）3、各从句在句子中的位置以及用法(1) 表语从句在句子中作连系动词的

4、表语的从句,它位于主句中的系动词之后。 例如：That is why he did not come to school yesterday. / It is because you are so clever.(2) 宾语从句在句子中作及物动词或介词的宾语。基本形式：（主句）连词+从句主语+从句谓语+. 关于宾语从句连词的选择：若从句来源于一个陈述句,那么,连词用that,在口语中that可以省略;若从句来源于一个一般疑问句,连词则用if 或whether;若从句来源于一个特殊疑问句,则连词就是疑问词(如what,who,where,when等)例如：They believe that th

5、e computer will finally take the place of human beings.(他们相信计算机终将代替人类。) (从句本来就是陈述句)/ I wonder whether I should say something for him to the headmaster. (我不知道是不是该为他在校长跟前说点什么。) (从句来源于一般问句Shall I say something for him to the headmaster?) / He asked me where he could get such medicine. (他问我在哪儿能搞到那样的药。)

6、(从句来源于特殊问句Where can he get such medicine? ) 宾语从句的时态问题：如果主句是现在时,从句则用现在某一时态,甚至可以用过去时；如主句是过去时,从句则相应地使用过去某一时态,遇到客观真理时仍然用现在时。如：I think I will do better in English this term. (我想本学期我的英语会学得好点。) / The teacher asked the boy if the earth is round. (老师问那个男孩地球是不是圆的。) 下列结构后面的从句一般也作为宾语从句看待： be sorry / afraid / su

7、re / glad +that从句,如：Im sorry Im late. (对不起,我迟到了。) /Im afraid he isnt in at the moment. (恐怕他此刻不在家。)(3) 状语从句在复合句中作状语,其位置可以在主句前或主句后。状语从句可以分为时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、比较、让步、条件等几种。状语从句由从属连词引导。时间状语从句通常由when ,as ,while, after, before, since, as soon as ,since, till (until), while, whenever 等引导。时间状语从句一般放在句首或句尾,特别注意,时间

8、状语从句不允许使用将来时,而应该用现在时替代。如： When you finish the work, you may go out to play with Sam. (你完成工作就可以出去和Jim一起玩了。) / I wont leave until Mum comes back. (妈妈回来了我才会走。)地点状语从句通常由 where, wherever等引导。如：Go back where you came from! (哪里来还滚到哪里去！) / I will never forget to catch the thief who stole my necklace wherever

9、 he may be. (我永远也不会忘记去抓住那个偷我项链的贼,无论他会在哪里。)原因状语从句通常由because, since, as等引导,一般放在句首或句尾。如：He went abroad because his father had found a good university for him. (他出国了,因为他父亲给他找了一所好大学。) 目的状语从句通常由so that., so.hat., in order that. 等引导,往往放在句尾,从句中通常含有can / could / may / might等情态动词。如：He got up earlier so that h

10、e could catch the first train. (他起身更早为的是赶上第一班车。)结果状语从句通常由 so that., so.that. 等引导,放在句尾。结果状语从句一般表示已经发生的事情,故多为过去时态。如：He lost so many bikes that he decided never to buy a new one. (他丢了那么多辆自行车,他决定再也不买新车了。) 比较状语从句通常由as, than, as (so).as等引导,一般省略从句的谓语部分,只剩下名词或代词(用主格或宾格均可)。如：Jane is much taller than I/me. (J

11、ane比我高多了。) / I dont have as many books as you (do). (我书没有你多)让步状语从句通常由though (although), as, even if( even though), however, whatever等引导。如：Even if you pay the debt(债务) for me, I will not thank you because it has nothing to do with me. (即使你替我还了债我也不会感谢你,因为它与我毫无关系。) / He wears a T-shirt though it is ver

12、y cold. (他穿了一件T恤衫,尽管天很冷。)条件状语从句通常由if, unless, as long as等引导,条件状语从句一般放在句首或句尾,特别注意,时间状语从句不允许使用将来时,而应该用现在时替代。You will certainly fail in the coming final exams unless you work much harder. (即将来到的期末考试你肯定考不及格,除非你更用功。) / If it doesn t rain tomorrow, we shall go hiking. (如果明天不下雨我们就要去徒步旅行。)注意 1、because与so；(a

13、l)though与but；if与so不可以同在一个句子中成对出现。 2、时间、条件、原因,让步状语从句放在句首时需要用逗号与主句隔开。(4) 定语从句在复合句中作定语用修饰句子中某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。 定语从句的位置：放在名词或代词的后面。如：The man who has an umbrella in his hand is my uncle. (手上抓了一把雨伞的人是我的叔叔。) 语法术语的改变：被修饰的名词或代词称为先行词；引导定语从句的连词称为关系词,其中that、which、who称为关系代词,where、when、how称为关系副词。 关系代词或关系副词的作用：关系代词w

14、ho、whom 和whose指人,分别在从句中作主语、宾语和定语。which指物that多指物, 有时也指人,它们在从句中可以作主语或宾语。定语从句中关系代词作从句宾语时可以省略。This is the thief (that/who/whom) we have been looking for these days. (这个就是我们近日一直在找的小偷。) / Please find a room which is big enough for all of us to live in. (请找一间足够大能住下我们全体的房间。)关系副词when或where引导定语从句时,它们在从句中分别作时间

15、状语和地点状语。如：This is the room where they had a quarrel a week ago. (这是一个星期前他们吵架的房间。) / I can never forget the day when I first saw you. (我永远不会忘记第一次见到你的日子。) 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句在句中不能省略,否则主句意思就不完整。非限制性定语从句和主句之间往往用逗号分开,这种从句是一种附加说明,如果从句子中省去,也不致于影响主句的意思。如：She spent the whole evening talking about her la

16、test book, which none of us had heard of. (她一个晚上都在谈论她最近的书,我们一个人都没有听说过那本书。)注解1、关系代词只能用that的情况：当先行词是指事物的不定代词(all, anything等),或先行词部分含有最高级,或含有序数词时,不能用其他的关系代词,只能用that. 如：All that Lily told me seems untrue. (Lily告诉我的话似乎不真实。) / Can you give me anything that has no sugar inside? (能不能给我点里面没有糖的东西？) / This is

17、the first two-story bus that runs in our city. (这是第一辆运行于我市的双层公交车。)2、关系代词在从句中作主语时一般用who(指人)that(指物),而不用that指人或用which指物。 如：Do you know the woman who is weeping in the corner? (你认识那个在角落里哭泣的女人吗？) / Do not tell me any words that have nothing to do with me. (跟我无关的话,请一个字也不要说。)3、关系代词作从句的宾语时,常用which或whom,较少使

18、用that或who,而且,关系代词常常省略。如：Toms father was the first parent whom our teacher talked to. (Tom的父亲是我们老师第一个谈话的人。) 4、当关系代词紧跟在介词后面时,必须用which或whom,而当介词移到句尾时,则又可以使用that或who. 如：This is the room in which Miss Li once lived. (= This is the roomMiss Li once lived in.) (这是李小姐曾经居住过的房间。)1【山东滨州】Which song do you like

19、better，Maria？I prefer the song Manual of Youth _is sung by TFBOYSA.which B.who C.whom D.Where2【山东滨州】What did your father say to you just now？He asked me_A.that I would like to see a movieB.where I will spend my holidayC.if I enjoyed myself at the partyD.when did I attend the graduation party3【江苏南通】R

20、ichard is studying in Germany. I wonder On the phoneAhow his parents keep in touch with him Bwhy his parents keep in touch with himChow do his parents keep in touch with him Dwhy do his parents keep in touch with him4 【广西来宾】The students love the teachers _ can make their lessons fun. A. whom B. who

21、C. whose D. which5【广西来宾】 Could you please tell me _? Ten years ago.A. when you taught in this school B. when did you teach in this school C. how long you taught in this schoolD. how long did you teach in this school 6【湖北随州】The policeman has caught the thief _ stole Mr. Lis wallet.Awhose Bwho Cwhom D

22、which7【湖北随州】Would you like to tell me_?Sure. Practice makes perfect.Ahow can I learn English better Bhow I can learn English betterCwhy can I learn English better Dwhy I can learn English better8【江苏宿迁】-Could you please tell me _?-OK. I will go to Beijing next week.A.where will you go B.how you will

23、go to BeijingC.when you will go to Beijing D.why will you go to Beijing 9【江苏镇江】-Its so careless of you to make a spelling mistake again.-Sorry. I couldnt remember .A. when I learnt the wordB. if I have learnt the wordC. where should I put the silent tD. in which class did you teach the word10【贵州黔西南】

24、He is the boy name is Jack.A. that B.whose C.who D.when11【贵州黔西南】I cant remember the place I lived many years ago.A. that B.which C.where D.12【贵州黔西南】Do you know ?A.when he will graduate from the collegeB.when will he graduate from the collegeC.when was he graduate from the collegeD.when did he gradua

25、te from the college13【贵州铜仁】Could you tell me_?Size M.A. what time it is B. what color it is C. what shape it is D. what size it is14【黑龙江哈尔滨】Shakespeare( 莎士比亚 ）is a great writer _ is considered as a genius ( 天才 ）I think so. Many people around the world admire him very much.A. when B. who C.which15【黑龙

26、江哈尔滨】 Look at the man in blue! Do you know _ ?Oh， he is a policeman.A. what does he B. what he doesC. how he does16【江苏泰州】 - Could you tell me _?-Every four years. The 24th will take place in China in 2022.A. how long the Winter Olympic Games lastB. how long do the Winter Olympic Games lastC. how oft

27、en are the Winter Olympic Games heldD. how often the Winter Olympic Games are held17【云南昆明】I am worried about Whatever the result is, dont be too hard on yourself.A. how have I prepared for my final examsB. if I can get great grades in the final examsC. that my school team lost the game because of my

28、 faultD. why did my school team lose the game18【北京中考】 Can you tell me ?- He lives in Shanghai.A. where Mark lives B. where does Mark liveC. where Mark lived D. where did Mark live19【福建福州中考】MrBlack，could you tell me _？At 10：00 tomorrow morningAwhere well go hikingBwhen well have a meetingCwhether you

29、ll come to my birthday party20【福建泉州中考】Could you tell me _?Talking about Picassos Works Show.A. when they are playingB. what they are doingC. where they are going21【福建厦门中考】 Does anybody want to share _ on Fathers Day? I bought a tie for my father. He loves it.A. what you did B. where you went C. when

30、 you shopped22【贵州六盘水中考】 Abing played music _ could touch the hearts of people.A. that B. whoC. how D. when23【贵州六盘水中考】 Could you please tell me _?- Sorry, Im new here.A. why can I buy some juiceB. when does the supermarket closeC. how to get to the libraryD. what time does the movie begin24【贵州黔东南州中考】

31、Who do you think _ in your Dragon Boat race team?-Da Liu, I think.A. is a good player B. a good player isC. is the best player D. the best player is25【贵州黔东南州中考】The teenagers like the musician _ different kinds of music.A. who play B. which playsC. who plays D. that play26【贵州黔东南州中考】There _ a sport meet next week if it _.A. is going to have; doesnt rainB. is going to be; doesnt rainC. is going