1、汽车保养中英对照AutoMaintenance汽车保养Automaintenancedescribestheactofinspectingortestingtheconditionofcarsubsystems(e.g.,engine)andservicingorreplacingpartsandfluids.Regularmaintenanceiscriticaltoensurethesafety,reliability,drivability,comfortandlongevityofacar.Duringpreventivemaintenance,anumberofpartsarerep
2、lacedtoavoidmajordamageorforsafetyreasons,e.g.timingbeltreplacement.汽车保养是指检查或测试汽车子系统(如发动机) ,维修或更换部件和汽油。定期保养是非常重要的,可确保汽车的安全性,可靠性,驾驶性,舒适性和延长其使用年限。在预防性维护期间,一些零件被更换,以避免严重损坏,或为了确保安全,例如:更换同步齿型带。Theactualscheduleofcarmaintenancevariesdependingontheyear,make,andmodelofacar,itsdrivingconditionsanddriverbehav
3、ior.Carmakersrecommendtheso-calledextremeortheidealserviceschedulebasedonimpactparameterssuchas numberoftripsanddistancetraveledpertripperday extremehotorcoldclimateconditions mountainous,dustyorde-icedroads heavystop-and-govs.long-distancecruising towingatrailerorotherheavyload汽车维修周期因汽车的制造年份、构造、车型、
4、驾驶情况和驾驶员行为的不同而不同。汽车制造商所推荐的所谓极端理想维修周期是根据一系列影响参数,如:旅行的次数和每天每趟旅行的距离特别热或特别冷的气候条件多山、多尘或除冰的道路不断地走走停停与长途旅行牵引拖车或其他重负荷物体Experiencedserviceadvisorsindealershipsandindependentshopsrecommendscheduleintervals,whichare ofteninbetweentheidealorextremeserviceschedule.Theybaseitonthedrivingconditionsandbehaviorofthe
5、carownerordriver.Commoncarmaintenancetasksinclude: Carwash check/replacetheengineoilandreplaceoilfilters check/replacefuelfilters inspectorreplacewindshieldwipers checkorrefillwindshieldwasherfluid inspecttiresforpressureandwear Tirebalancing Tirerotation Wheelalignment check,cleanorreplacebatteryte
6、rminalsandtopupbatteryfluid inspectorreplacebrakepads checkorflushbrakefluid checkorflushtransmissionfluid checkorflushpowersteeringfluidcheckandflushenginecoolant inspectorreplacesparkplugs inspectorreplaceairfilter inspectorreplacetimingbeltandotherbelts lubricatelocks,latches,hinges checkalllight
7、s tightenchassisnutsandbolts checkifrubberbootsarecrackedandneedreplacement testelectronics,e.g.,Anti-lockbrakingsystemorABS readfaultcodesfromtheEnginecontrolunit经验丰富的经销商和独立商店店主建议的维护周期往往是在理想或极端的服务时间表之间。他们的建议以司机的驾驶条件和行为为甚而。一般的汽车维护内容包括:洗车检查/更换机油,更换滤油器检查/更换燃油滤清器检查或更换风挡刮水器检查或补充风挡液检查轮胎的压力和磨损轮胎动平衡轮胎换位车轮定
8、位检查、清洗或更换蓄电池端子和加满电池液检查或更换制动衬片检查或冲洗制动器油检查或冲洗传动油检查或清洗动力转向液检查和冲洗发动机冷却液检查或更换火花塞检查或更换空气过滤器检查或更换同步齿带和其他皮带润滑锁、止动销、铰链检查所有的灯拧紧底盘螺母和螺栓检查橡胶靴是否破裂,需要更换测试电子设备,如防抱死制动器系统或ABS从发动机控制器上读取故障码Sometasksthathaveequivalentserviceintervalsarecombinedintoonesingleserviceknownasatune-up.Inmoderncars,whereelectronicscontrolmos
9、tofthecarsfunctions,thetraditionaltune-updoesntapplyanymore.Maintenancejobslikeatune-upusedtomeangettingtheenginesperformancebackontrack.Todayembeddedsoftwaretakescareofitbyconstantlycheckingthousandsofsensorsignals,compensatingforworn-outsparkplugs,cloggedfilters,etc.Theso-calledlimp-homefunctional
10、lowsdrivingonlimitedpowerwhentheengineisintrouble.Intheolddaysthismighthavemeantabreakdown. 有一些任务具有相等的服务间隔,这些服务间隔被组合成一项被称为调整的单一的服务。现代的汽车,电子控制汽车的大部分功能,不再适用传统的调整了。像调整这样的维护工作过去意味着使发动机的性能重回正轨。今天的嵌入式软件通过检查成千上万的传感器信号来维护发动机,补偿磨损的火花塞,阻塞的滤清器等。所谓的一拐一拐地回家的功能允许发动机出状况时使用有限的能量行驶。在过去,这可能就意味着汽车出故障了。Insomecountries,
11、thecompletedservicesarerecordedinaservicebookwhichisrubber-stampedbytheservicecenterupon ompletionofeachservice.Acompleteservicehistoryusuallyaddstotheresalevalueofavehicle. 在一些国家,服务完成后会记录在一个服务簿上,每完成一项服务服务中心将加盖橡皮图章在服务簿上。一个完整的服务历史通常增加至车辆的转售价值。carwashAcarwash(alsowrittenascarwash)orautowashisafacility
12、usedtocleantheexteriorand,insomecases,theinteriorofmotorvehicles.Whiletherearemanytypesofcarwashes,mostfallintothefollowingcategories: Handcarwashfacilities,wherethevehicleiswashedbyemployees. Self-servicefacilities,whicharegenerallycoin-operated,wherethecustomerdoesthewashing,includingjetwashing. I
13、n-bayautomatics,whichconsistofanautomaticmachinethatrollsbackandforthoverastationaryvehicle-oftenseenatfillingstationsandstand-alonewashsites. Tunnelwashes,whichuseaconveyortomovethevehiclethroughaseriesoffixedcleaningmechanisms. 洗车洗车或汽车清洗是用于清洁的汽车外部,在某些情况下,清洗汽车内部的设备。虽然有许多类型的汽车清洗,但大多数属于下列类别:手工精洗车设施,车
14、辆由员工清洗。自助服务设施,一般都是投币式的,客户自己清洗车辆,包括“喷射洗涤”。海湾的自动化,由来回在停靠的车辆上上滚动的自动装置组成,这种类型的汽车清洗 经常能在加油站和独立的洗车场看见。隧道清洗,使用传送机移动车辆通过一系列固定的清洁机制。 Chemicalcarwash,alsoknownaswaterlesscarwash,useschemicalstowashandpolishcarsurface.ThoughttohaveoriginatedinAustraliaandclaimstobeaneco-friendlycarwashmethod. 化学汽车清洗也称作无水汽车清洗,使
15、用的化学制品清洗和擦亮车表面。该种清洗起源于澳大利亚,且据称是一种环保型洗车方法。 Steamcarwashesuseajetofsteamandmicrofibertowels,someincludedetergentinjection.KnowntohaveoriginatedfromSouthKorea,steamcarwasheshavebeenespeciallypopularasalow-investment,eco-friendlycarwashsolutioninAsia,MiddleEastandEuropethankstoitssanitizingfeaturesandmo
16、bility.蒸汽洗车使用蒸汽喷射和微纤维毛巾,一些汽车清洗包括洗涤剂注入。众所周知,蒸汽洗车起源于韩国,因为投资少、环境友好型的汽车清洗液,加上清洁性和移动性的特点,该洗车方法在亚洲,中东和欧洲一直特别受欢迎。 MobileCarWashes,oftenalsoservingasmobiledetailingsystems,whichcarryplasticwatertanksandusepressurewashers.Sometimesthesesystemsaremountedontrailers,ontrucks,orinvans.Generallytheseoperatorsalso
17、haveageneratortorunashopvac.,buffersandothertoolsaswell.citationneeded 移动汽车清洗,也常常作为移动细节系统,该系统带有塑料水箱,使用压力洗车机。有时,这些系统安装在拖车、卡车或中小型货车上。一般来说,这些经营者也有一个发电机以运行缓冲器以及其他工具。Mechanizedcarwashes,especiallythosewithbrushes,wereonceavoidedbysomemeticulouscarownersbecauseoftheriskofdamagingthefinish.Paintfinisheshav
18、eimprovedashavecarwashingprocesses,andthisperceptionofvehicledamageismuchlesstoday.However,thisperceptionwasthemotivebehindtheriseoffacilitiesutilizingbrushless(cloth)andtouch-free(high-pressurewater)equipment,aswellasmodernfoamwashingwheelsmadeofclosedcellfoam. 机械化洗车,特别是那些带有刷子的,曾经一些一丝不苟的车主避而不使用机械化洗
19、车,因为机械化洗车存在涂层被损坏的风险。汽车涂层以及洗车程序的改善,现在这种汽车会被损坏的看法少了许多。然而,这种看法形成了以下动机:利用 “无刷” (布)和“非接触式” (高压水)设备,以及现代化的“泡沫”(由闭孔泡沫做成的清洗车轮设施)洗车。Intodaysmoderncarwashfacilities,whethertunnel,in-bayautomaticorself-serve,soapsandothercleaningsolutionsusedaredesignedtoloosenandeliminatedirtandgrime.Thisisincontrasttoearlier
20、times,whenhydrofluoricacid,ahazardouschemical,wascommonlyusedasacleaningagentintheindustrybysomeoperators.Therehasbeenastrongmoveintheindustrytoshifttosafercleaningsolutions.Mostcarwashfacilitiesarerequiredbylawtotreatand/orreusetheirwaterandmayberequiredtomaintainwaste-waterdischargepermits,incontr
21、asttounregulatedfacilitiesorevendrivewaywashing(atoneshome),wherewaste-watercanendupinthestormdrainand,eventually,instreams,riversandlakes. 当今的现代洗车设施,无论是隧道、海湾自动或自助服务、肥皂和其他洗涤液,旨在减少、消除灰尘和污垢。这是在早期的时候相反,当时氢氟酸一种有危险的化学品,通常被该行业的经营者用作清洁剂。该行业在使经营者转而使用更安全的清洁济方面取得了很大的进步。大多数汽车清洗设施应法律要求进行治理和/或重复利用水和可能需要维持污水排放限度,
22、与不受管制的设施或者甚至是在车道上(在自己的家)清洗不同,在车道上(在自己的家)清洗的废水会流入暴雨下水道,最终流入溪流、河流和湖泊中。Self-servecarwashAsimpleandautomatedtypeofcarwashthatistypicallycoin-operatedortoken-operatedself-servicesystem.Newerself-servicecarwashesoffertheabilitytopaywithcreditcardsorloyaltycards.Thevehicleisparkedinsidealargecoveredbaythat
23、isequippedwithatriggergunandwand(ahigh-pressuresprayer)andascrubfoam-brush.Whencustomersinsertcoinsortokensintothecontroller,theycanchooseoptionssuchassoap,tirecleaner,waxorclearwaterrinse,alldispensedfromthesprayer,orscrubthevehiclewiththefoam-brush.Thenumberofcoinsortokensinserteddeterminestheamou
24、ntoftimecustomershavetooperatetheequipment;inmostinstances,aminimumnumberofcoinsarenecessarytostarttheequipment.Thesefacilitiesareoftenequippedwithseparatevacuumstationsthatallowcustomerstocleantheupholsteryandrugsinsidetheircars.Someself-servicecarwashesofferhand-helddryers,asomewhatnewfeature. 自助服
25、务汽车清洗一种简单和自动化的洗车类型是典型的投币式或代用币操作的自助服务系统。更新的自助服务洗车允许客户使用信用卡或优惠卡支付。车辆停在一个大的有顶层的隔区里,隔区里配有喷枪和扳机杆(高压喷洒器)和擦洗泡沫刷。当客户把硬币或代币投入控制器中,他们可以选择的选项包括肥皂、轮胎清洁剂、蜡或清水冲洗(所有这些都由喷洒器分发),或用泡沫刷擦洗车辆。投入硬币或代币的多少由客户使用设备的时间决定,在大多数情况下,需要最小数额的硬币才能启动设备。这些设施往往配有独立的真空站,使客户能够清洗他们的车内装饰和地毯。一些自助服务的汽车清洗会提供一种新服务手持式烘干机。AutomaticcarwashThefirs
26、tconveyorizedautomaticcarwashesappearedinthelate1930s.Conveyorizedautomaticcarwashesconsistoftunnel-likebuildingsintowhichcustomers(orattendants)drive.SomecarwasheshavetheircustomerspaythroughacomputerizedPOS,orpointofsaleunit,alsoknownasanautomaticcashier,whichmaytaketheplaceofahumancashier.Themech
27、anisminputsthewashPLUintoamastercomputeroratunnelcontrollerautomatically.Whenthesaleisautomated,afterpayingthecarisputintoaline-upcalledthestackorqueue.Thestackmovessequentially,sothewashknowswhateachcarpurchased.Afterpullinguptothetunnelentrance,anattendantusuallyguidesthecustomerontotheconveyor.At
28、somewashes,thesystemwillsendthecorrectnumberofrollersautomatically,basedontiresensors.Thetiresensorletsthewashknowwherethewheelsareandhowfaraparttheyare.OnothersystemstheemployeemayguidethecustomeronandpressaSendCarbuttononthetunnelcontroller,tomanuallysendtherollerswhichpushthecarthrough.自动洗车传送带自动洗车首次出现在20世纪30年代后期。传送带的自动洗车由隧道式建筑组成,客户(或工作人员)驱车至隧道式建筑内。一些洗车经营商拥有自己的客户,客户通过电脑POS或销售点,也被称为“自动出纳” 付款,这可能代替收银员。机械装置自动将商品价目表输入主机或随道算机或隧道控制器。当销售自动化了,客户付款后,汽车将被排列成被称为堆或队列的顺序。队列按顺序移
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