中考英语专项复习3代词.docx

1、中考英语专项复习3代词中考英语专项复习【3】代词01 命题趋势 考标导向化近几年全国各地中考对代词的考查主要集中在对不定代词的考查。对名词性物主代词与形容词性物主代词用法上的区别的考查也是近几年中考代词考查的热点之一。预计2016年中考对代词的考查重点仍然在对不定代词、物主代词的考查上。同时也要注意对反身代词、代词主格和宾格的考查。02 定义 概念清晰化代词是一类用来替代名词或相当于名词的词，大多数代词都具有名词和形容词的功能。在初中阶段，我们所学的代词主要有8种：人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、反身代词、疑问代词、关系代词和相互代词。人称代词是代替人或事物的代词，有人称、数、格的变化

2、，在句中用作主语的人称代词叫主格；用作宾语的人称代词叫宾格。物主代词是表示所有关系的代词，分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。指示代词是专门用来指出或标示人或物的代词，常用的指示代词有单数的this和that以及复数的these和those。不定代词是不指明替代任何特定的名词或形容词的代词，根据所表达的意义，不定代词可以分为两大类，即肯定性不定代词和否定性不定代词。肯定性不定代词有：both, all, many, much, one, other, each, another, a few, a little, either, some(someone, somebody, somethi

3、ng), any(anyone, anybody, anything), every(everyone, everybody, everything)。否定性不定代词有：no, neither, none, nobody, nothing。反身代词又叫自身代词，或用来表示强调，或表示某个动作又反过来作用于施动者本身，有人称和数的变化。疑问代词表示对某人或某物提问，一般用在特殊疑问句的句首。在初中阶段，我们所学的疑问代词有who, whom, whose, what和which。关系代词是一种引述前面已经提过的名词或代词的一类词，它主要有who, whom, whose, which, that

4、等，用来引导定语从句，在从句中做主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等。相互代词是表示相互关系的代词，常用的相互代词只有each other和one another两个，在句子中用作宾语、状语，两者之间没有太大的差别。03 知识归类 知识网络化人称代词分类图解人称单数复数主格宾格主格宾格第一人称Imeweus第二人称youyouyouyou第三人称he,she,ithim,her,ittheythem特例清单1.人称代词的排列顺序分三种情况：复数人称按照weyouthey；单数人称按照youhe/sheI；第三人称男女并用时按照heshe。但承认过失、表示不吉祥的事或有不好的意思时，单数人称代词按照I

5、he/sheyou排列，复数人称代词按照weyouthey排列。2.在包含双宾语的句子中，如果直接宾语是人称代词it或them，间接宾语要放在直接宾语的后面。如：Please pass it to me.请把它递给我。(不能说Please pass me it.)3.lets和let us用法不完全相同：Lets是let us的缩写形式，多用来表示劝告或建议，包括谈话的双方；而let us则不包括对方。另外，lets的反意疑问句用shall we来反问，let us的反意疑问句则用will you来反问。4.代词it的用法(1)用来代替上文中提到的特定事物，可以是可数名词，也可以是不可数名词。

6、如：Your father has bought you a new computer. Do you like it?你父亲给你买了一台新电脑，你喜欢吗？He offered us a piece of information. Its very important.他给我们提供了一条信息，这条信息非常重要。(2)当说话人对所涉及的人的身份、姓名不清楚或看不出来、听不出来时，常用it来代替和当时某一事件、某动作有关的那个人。如：There was a knock at the door.“Who is it?” mother came to the door and asked.有敲门声。母

7、亲来到门口问：“谁呀？”Who is the child in the picture?这张照片上的孩子是谁？Its me. Cant you see?是我呀!难道你看不出来？(3)为了保持句子的平衡，可以用it来代替动词不定式，在句子中作形式主语或形式宾语。如：Its very interesting to swim in the river.在河中游泳非常有趣。He found it not easy to learn English well.他发现学好英语是很难的。(4)用来代替天气、时间、距离等。如：Whats the weather like today?今天天气怎么样？Its f

8、ine.今天天气晴朗。Its time to go to bed.到睡觉的时间了。How far is it from here to the station?从这里到车站有多远？【题组训练】( )1.(2014曲靖)I find _ necessary to learn about the customs of a country before you go there.A.that B.this C.it D.one( )2.(2014聊城)My friend showed _ some old photos of his family.A.my B.I C.me D.mine( )3.(

9、2014南充)Look at the girl in the red skirt. _ is my new classmate.A.She B.It C.He D.This( )4.(2014黄冈)Susan，go and join your sister in cleaning the yard.Why_ ? John is sitting there doing nothing at all.A.I B.me C.myself D.mine( )5.(2014绵阳)Jeff and I are going to Shanghai this weekend. My brother will

10、drive _ there.A.it B.you C.us D .them物主代词分类图解种类单数复数第一人称第二人称第三人称第一人称第二人称第三人称形容词性myyourhis/her/itsouryourtheir名词性mineyourshis/hers/itsoursyourstheirs特例清单1.his和its既可以作形容词性物主代词，又可以作名词性物主代词。如：My computer is new and his is old.我的计算机是新的，他的是旧的。2.名词性物主代词常与介词of连用，构成名词所有格。如：some friends of mine我的一些朋友。3.形容词性物主代

11、词只能放在名词前作定语。如：my pen pal我的笔友her name她的名字4.名词性物主代词常用来避免前面已经提及的名词，相当于“相容词性物主代词+名词”。如：This book is mine. Yours is on your desk.这本书是我的。你的在你桌子上。【题组训练】( )6.(2014南京)Excuse me，may I use your bicycle? _ is broken.Certainly. But remember to return it before lunch.A.I B.Me C.Myself D.Mine( )7.(2014湖州)Excuse me

12、，Im looking for my umbrella.Oh，sorry. I took _ by mistake.A.yours B.mine C.hers D.his( )8.(2014福州)Here is a dictionary.Whose is it?Oh，its _.Thank you.A.me B.my C.mine D.his( )9.(2014黔西南)Is this _ ruler?No._ is over there.A.her;Her B.her;Hers C.hers;Hers D.hers;Her( )10.(2014北京)I have a big brother.

13、_ name is Paul.A.His B.Her C.He D.Your反身代词的构成分类图解人称单数复数第一人称myselfourselves第二人称yourselfyourselves第三人称himself/herself/itselfthemselves反身代词的常用词组：by oneself(亲自) for oneself(为自己)call oneself(称自己) teach oneself(自学)help oneself to sth.(随便吃)speak to oneself(自言自语)lose oneself(迷路) enjoy oneself(自得其乐)【题组训练】( )

14、11.(2014随州)Ill have a tennis game tomorrow. Im a little bit nervous.Believe in_. Youre the best in our club.A.yourself B.myself C.herself D.himself( )12.(2014来宾)Hi，boys. How was your party yesterday?Wonderful! We had a big meal and enjoyed_ .A.themselves B.myself C.yourselves D.ourselves( )13.(2014陕西)Dont worry.Were old enough to look after_.A.myself B.me C.ourselves D.us( )14.(2014长沙)My sister is old enough to dress _now.A.himself B.herself C.myself( )15.(2014重庆)Help _ to some fish，Jeff.A.you