1、单词分类EDUCATION1 传授知识 impart(vt.)/inculcate(vt.) knowledge灌输高尚的道德观 instill(vt.) high moral values (注意values复数表示价值观)给学生以动力 give the students motivation to do sth. Motivate the students to do sth.给学生以灵感 stimulate the students thought give the students inspiration培养(某种素质) cultivate/foster/nurture(vt.)促进学
2、生身心的发展 promote the students physical/mental/ intellectual and emotional development 心理健康 psychological soundness/ well-being/welfare(adj)塑造某人的性格 mould(BrE,vt) ones character责任感 a sense of obligation能力(先天获得) aptitude/talent能力(后天学习得到) ability/skill2 学生接受的学校教育(n) schooling(n)儿童接受的家庭教育(n) upbringing(n)
3、parenting(n)教学法 methodology/pedagogical methodologyb学生不应该只是被动的接受简单知识的容器 Students should not be treated as passive receptacles of predigested ideas死记硬背 learn things by rote为了记忆而记忆 memories(BrE) for memorizations own sake以及方程式,公式,定理,定律 memories(vt.) equations, formulas, theorems and laws(nouns)应用 appl
4、y盲从 follow something blindly/indiscriminately(advs)限制创造力的发展 extinguish (vt.)/stifle(vt.)/constrain(vt.) creativity(noun)打击学生的积极性 dampen/sap(vt) the students enthusiasm/ frustrate the students产生不必要的压力 beget/create undue pressure3 把学生分开教育(如根据课堂上的表现)segregate(vt.) students来自于其他同学的压力 peer pressure 适应(v)
5、 adapt to sth./adjust oneself to sth./become accustomed to sth.适应能力 adaptability逆境 adverse circumstances/adversity团队精神 team spirit(n) 独立思考 think independently(adv)在理解的基础上学习 learn things through understanding鼓励学生用辩证的眼光看问题 encourage students to think critically(adv)学生的反馈 students feedback/input学生评价老师的
6、教学 students appraise/evaluate(vt) their teachers performance学生对老师所教知识的掌握 students grasp/command(n) of what has been taught 4 学生学习的各门功课加在一起称为 curriculum(n)具体一门课叫 syllabus课外活动叫 extra-curricular activities 学校是社会的缩影 a school is society in miniature不遵守纪律(n) indiscipline/misbehavior/mischief(n)不遵守纪律(daj)的
7、学生 disruptive/unruly students5 理论知识 theoretical knowledge就业技能 employable/marketable skills 通才 generalist专才 specialist全面发展的 well-rounded/versatile(adj)为社会健康发展作贡献 contribute to societal(adj) well-being(n)/welfare(n)6 大学学科的分类可以分为 人文学科(文学 ,历史 语言学等)humanities社会学科(政治 经济学 社会学的) social sciences艺术(音乐 雕塑等) ar
8、ts文科也可以总称为 liberal arts/ liberal studies理科(物理 化学 生物学等) sciences工科(工程 自动化等) engineering 大学里任何一个学科都有可以叫 discipline基础科学 basic sciences应用科学 applied sciences小学教育 primary-level education中学教育 secondary-level education大学教育 tertiary-level education职业教育 vocational education/training青少年(复数) youths/youngsters/a
9、dolescents racial alleviate residence pursuit pursue urbanization Technology1 生物技术 biotechnology克隆 cloning (n) clone(v)远程通讯 telecommunications(n)尖端的技术 cutting-edge(adj) technology 信息爆炸 information explosion/overload信息时代 the information age/era 互联网被广泛的应用 the proliferation(n) of the Internet太空探索(n) sp
10、ace exploration 一个人的基因构成 ones genetic makeup/ ones DNA programming2 科技创新与发展 technological innovations/inventions/advances/progression(n)提高效率 augment/enhance/boost(vt) efficiency提高生产效率 augment/enhance/boots productivity减少人力的机器(计算机发明之前的技术) labor-saving machinery取代人力的机器(计算机发明之后的技术) labor-replacing mach
11、inery自动化 automation(n)/ automated(adj)3 彻底变革 transform/revolutionize(vt)/ fundamentally change sth.以一种史无前例的速度向前发展advance/progress(vis) at an unprecedented(adj) rate如果要说以一种让人震惊的速度向前发展,只要把unprecedented改成astonishing如果要说正以一种很快的速度向前发展 sth is advancing by leaps and bounds产生深远的影响 create/produce/generate/br
12、eed/spawn(vt)/result in/lead to/ profound(adj)/far-reaching(adj)/pervasive(adj) influence/impact/bearing/implications/repercussions(n)Media1 侵犯隐私 violate/intrude on/infringe on someones privacy破坏某人的名誉 tarnish/sully/smear/besmirch(vt) ones reputation狗仔队 paparazzi(复数名词 不再加s)新闻界 the press印刷媒体(如报纸 杂志) t
13、he print media报道新闻的机构 news outlets电子媒体 the electronic media名人 a celebrity/celebrities时事 current affairs丑闻 scandals无处不在 prevalent/ubiquitous/pervasive(adj)2 审查 censor(vt)删除 delete/eliminate/excise(vt)过多的暴力与色情内容 excessive/gratuitous violent and pornographic(adj) contents报道非常详尽的细节 report sth. In graphi
14、c detail媒体炒作(n) media hype 有误导性的 misleading/misrepresented/distorted(adj)诈骗性的 fraudulent(adj)虚假的 false/bogus(adj)夸大事实 exaggerate(vt) things/sensationalize(vt) things/blow things out of all proportions(最后一个比较口语 用作文也可以)充斥着 be awash with/be inundated with/be saturated with sth.掩盖(丑闻或罪行等) cover up/gloss
15、 over/whitewash不客观的,不公正的 biased/skewed3 如实的报道 factual accounts(n)可信的 reliable/trustworthy/dependable客观公正的 objective and balanced(adj)及时的 up-to-the-minute(adj)/up-to-date(adj) 前者比后者更加及时信息量大的 informative娱乐性强的 entertaining(adj)有新闻价值的 newsworthy(adj)监督 scrutiny(n)/scrutinize(vt)/monitor(vt)揭露 expose/rev
16、eal(vt)道德准则(n) code of ethics/code of conductGovernment1 当局 authorities(n)老百姓 citizens/the citizenry规范,管理 regulate/administer/oversee (vt)实施 implement(vt)立法 legislate(vi)/make laws民主与开放的政府 a democratic and progressive government严禁(v) strictly prohibit/ban altogether严格的法律 stringent laws/legislation规章
17、制度 rules and regulations2 为。拨款 allocate money to sth./subsidise(vt)/be a patron of/invest in/finance(vt)/fund(vt)/dedicate money to sth.预算 budget税收 tax revenue(n)政府在某方面的开支(n) 他和government spending/expenditure on sth.削减(v) curtail(vt)增加 augment(vt)当务之急(n) priority把。当成当务之急 give priority to sth.责任(n) r
18、esponsibility/obligation人道主义救援 humanitarian (adj) aid (n)管理 administer/regulate2 军备竞赛 arms race(n)自卫 self-defense (BrE,n)国土安全 expansion/aggression(n)谋求霸权 seek/pursue(vt) hegemony(n)恶性循环 a vicious circle(n)地区不稳定因素 destabilizing factors太空竞赛 space race(n)武器 weapons/arms/armaments(n)下岗工人 laid-off worker
19、s/downsized workers失业(n) unemployment/joblessness3 基础设施 infrastructure 比如公共交通系统 public transport system(BrE)电网 power grid给排水系统 water supply and drainage system Language & Culture1 一种可以通用的语言 a lingua franca/a universal language/a global language英语被广泛使用 the proliferation(n) of English英语的统治地位 the domin
20、ant role/the ascendancy/the hegemony of English方言 dialect(n)/vernacular/the indigenous language小语种将会消亡 lesser-known language will become extinct/obsolete(adj)小语种的消亡(n) the extinct/demise of lesser-known languages2 文化遗产包括有形和无形的两种 有形的如历史遗址,无形的如风俗习惯 仪式 传统道德观念等 cultural heritage can be divided into two
21、groups: tangible cultural heritage, such as historic sites and intangible cultural heritage, such as customs, rites, rituals and mores, etc.保护 preserve (vt)祖先 forefathers/ancestors后代 descendants/posterity后面一个是不可数名词3 少数民族 ethnic minorities民族团结 the harmony(n) between ethnic groups/races文化融合 cultural i
22、ntegration and synthesis(n)互相影响 interaction文化多元性 cultural diversity丰富(v) enrich(vt)狭隘的观念 insular/provincial/parochial(adj)/parochial(adj) mentality贬低(v) deprecate/denigrate/minimize(vt) the importance of /disparage/trivialize/discredit(vt)。不是一成不变的 sth. is not set/carved in stone Development they enc
23、ourage custome to buy some product which date manufacture is almost come to the end 1 生活节奏加速 the tempo/pace of life has accelerated疲劳 fatigue(n)抑郁症 depression失眠 sleeplessness/sleep-deprivation/insomnia(n)导致人与人之间疏远 create(vt)alienation(n) between people过于功利的 materialistic/mercenary/money-worshipping(
24、adj)追求最大限度利润 pursue(vt) maximum profit交通堵塞 traffic jams/traffic congestions/gridlock最后一个是不可数名词阻碍(v) impede/hinder/hamper/obstruct/inhibit(vt)让人担心的 worrying/worrisome/disturbing/disquieting/disconcerting(adj)危害,破坏(v) undermine/spoil/do a disservice to sth/ruin/imperil/endanger/jeopardise(BrE) 都是vt危害,
25、破坏(n)harm/damage/destruction/devastation恶化(v) worsen(vi,vt)/deteriorate(vi)导致某种问题更加恶化 amplify(vt)/magnify(vt)/exacerbate(vt)/aggravate(vt) a problem缓解 ease/alleviate/mitigate(vt)2 有特殊审美价值的老房子 old building of special aesthetic value(注意审美观的说法是aesthetic values复数)有特殊历史意义的老房子 building of historic signifi
26、cance居民 vernacular dwellings让城市更美观 beautify(vt) the cities/better(vt) the cityscape破旧的(房子) decrepit/rundown/rickety/dilapidated(adj)拆除 tear down a building/demolish a building/raze a building/knock down a building高楼 high-rise buildings摩天楼 skyscrapers城市化 urbanization(n)城乡差距 the disparity(n) between t
27、he city and the countryside城市的 urban乡村的 rural搬迁 relocate(vi,vt)3 在家上班(v) telecommute(vi)休闲 leisure/recreation(n0精神上的享受(n) amusement and enjoyment(n)娱乐 entertainment/diversion宽松的管理(n) laissez-faire management(n)运营成本(n) operating costs/overhead cost雇用(v) recruit(vt)会导致效率降低的(adj) counterproductive劳动力资源
28、 labour(BrE) pool4 人口爆炸 population explosion(n)/population boom控制人口 birth control/family planning贫穷的 needy/poverty-stricken/impoverished/deprived/destitute/indigent富裕的 affluent/wealthy/well-off爱慕虚荣的 pretentious/ostentatious(adj)缺少运动的生活方式 sedentary(adj) lifestyle营养过剩 overnourishment(n)扶贫 poverty alle
29、viation(n)Globalization(国家或者地区的)文化特性 (national or regional) cultural identity 全球文化同一化过程(n,即地区文化特征消失) global cultural homogenization(n)文化同一性(或叫文化均质性) cultural homogeneity/cultural uniformity全球化是一把双刃剑 Globalization is a two-edged sword地球村 the global village席卷一切的潮流 sweeping trends有机结合东西方文化 synthesize t
30、he Asian and Western culture侵蚀 erode(v)普遍的 universal(adj) Women & Families1 两性平等 gender equality性别歧视 sexism/gender discrimination一个开明的社会 a progressive/enlightened society2 被家务事拖累 be tied down by household chores生育孩子 child bearing(n)抚养孩子 child rearing(n)母性的本能 maternal instinct家务 housework/household c
31、hores抚养子女的方式 parenting代沟 generation gap/disparity性格冲突 personality clashes3 老年人 elderly people/senior citizens青少年 adolescents/youngsters家庭成员间的情感纽带 family bonds/family ties归属感 a sense of belonging对。依恋(n) an attachment to sth/an affinity for sth贫穷的家庭 deprived family富裕的家庭 affluent families 家庭的培养 upbringing4 虐待 mistreat/abuse(vt)家庭暴力 domestic violence毒品上瘾(n) addiction to drugs/ be ad
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