四六级写作诀窍之简单句.docx

1、四六级写作诀窍之简单句四六级写作诀窍：用简单句表达复杂思想应试作文的评分标准尽管描述语言不同，但都可以分为内容、组织和语言三个方面，如果是应用文，还要看语域(主要指语言使用是否符合场合)和格式。新四级作文的评分标准也不能脱离以上三大方面：内容按照题目提纲扩展即可；组织除了要注意段与段之间的连贯与衔接之外，还要特别注意考生最容易忽略的句与句之间的逻辑性；最难提高的是语言，即用词的丰富性和句子的复杂性。要拿到新四级写作高分，就必须在语言上有所起色，语言是绕不过去的一个心结，那么语言突破之路，到底在何方呢？简单句的运用。 这是从广大考生的实际出发给出的回答。因为学了很多年的英语，大部分考生还是能够写

2、出一些东西的，最起码能够写出一些英语的简单句吧。简单句包括S+V(主谓句)，S+V+O(主谓宾)， S+V+O+O(主谓宾宾)，S+V+O+C(主谓宾宾补)， S+V+C(主系表)，复杂一些的句子无不是由这些简单句演变而来的。 用简单句写复杂思想 学了这么多年英语，为什么还不能写出好的句子？原因在于想得太复杂了。我们可以将要表达的汉语思想，全部说成简单的句子，而简单句，在写作时是考生可以掌控的。之后再将简单句加以润色、组合，使之登堂入室，夺取高分。 例如写这句话：大学生刚刚毕业就想立刻找到高薪的工作是不可能的。看到这样的汉语句子，一般我们的反应是要用It is impossible for s

3、b. to do sth. 这样的句型，然后想着往里填词：在sb. 的位置填上“刚刚毕业的大学生”，在不定式的位置填上“找到高薪的工作”，如下所示： It is impossible for刚刚毕业的大学生to找到高薪的工作. 那么“刚刚毕业的大学生”怎么写？英语里面好像找不到一个表示“刚刚毕业的”形容词放在大学生前面，所以就要用定语从句，写成college students who have just graduated，如果graduated不会写，先写成left；然后怎么写“高薪的”，英语里面也没有这样一个形容词放在jobs的前面，所以用定语从句，写成to find jobs which

4、 can give them a lot of money.这样这个句子将写成：It is impossible for college students who have just graduated to find jobs which can give them a lot of money. However,这样将两个定语从句放在这个句型里面，实在是太容易犯错了。实际上，刚刚毕业的大学生可以写成：newly-graduated students, 而高薪的工作可以写成well-paying jobs, 将这两个短语放进去，成为：It is impossible for newly-gr

5、aduated students to find well-paying jobs. 与上面的定语从句相比会获得更高的分数。不过试问，能写出这两个短语的有几人呢？ 我们能不能换一种思路，想得简单点，把上面一句话拆分成为四句： 每年，都有很多大学生毕业。 他们都想找到工作。 这些工作可以给他们很多钱。 这是不可能的。 我相信这样的句子大部分考生很快就可以写出来： Every year, many college students graduate. They all want to find jobs. These jobs can give them a lot of money. This

6、is impossible. 第一句话属于五种简单句中的主谓句，第二句是主谓宾，第三句是主谓间宾直宾，第四句是主系表。 下面我们看看能不能润色一下：第一句话我们将熟悉的many改为heaps and heaps of (一批一批的)，这是换词；然后由from universities又想到还有独立的学院，再加上and institutes。第一句话变成： Every year, heaps and heaps of college students graduate from universities and institutes. 这句话这样一改，便成气候了。 第二句和第三句可以用定语从句连

7、接起来，因为第三句的主语是第二句最后jobs的重复，所以成为：They all want to find jobs，which can give them a lot of money. 再润色，我们发现give可以改为offer，a lot of money可以改为handsome salaries。利用学过的语法知识我们可以让这个句子更加复杂，给定语从句中加一个插入语：they hope，放在which后面，这样这句话就成为：They all want to find jobs，which they hope can offer them handsome salaries. 第四句话也可

8、以和前两句连在一起，这次不采用主从复合句，而采用并列句，因为意思发生转折，故用but连接，而impossible太绝对了，改为 hardly possible，于是成为：They all want to find jobs，which they hope can offer them handsome salaries，but this is hardly possible. 所以最初的那句话，经过拆解、加工(换词和连句)形成了下面的一组句子：Every year, heaps and heaps of college students graduate from universities a

9、nd institutes. They all want to find jobs，which they hope can offer them handsome salaries，but this is hardly possible. 上文总共32个词，与我们刚才认为很难达到的那个句子It is impossible for newly-graduated students to find well-paying jobs (10个词).相比，气势上毫不逊色，但是哪一种写法更适合广大考生的情况呢？当然是从熟悉的东西着手改造更为可取，像newly-graduated和well-paying这

10、样的天外来客式的词组需要积累，或者自己有意去搜寻。再强调一下：上面这组句子是我们从简单句变过来的。这说明：简单句这只丑小鸭也可以变成白天鹅！ 写好四级作文，切勿好高骛远，一下子就想写出来很复杂的句子可能会搞得遍体鳞伤。所以，要从可以掌控的东西出发，即将复杂的汉语思想分解成为简单句，或者说，学会想简单的句子，然后表达成为简单句，进而对之进行再加工，要么换词，要么连句，如此润色，写作可成矣！ 简单句写作思路 英文写作的思维就像一个黑洞，似乎深不可测，但如果我们将写作的过程视为一个看不见的汉译英的过程就会简单明了得多。根据笔者的经验，英文写作一般是先想主语，因为主语是一句话的开头；再想谓语，谓语中应

11、该会先写助动词，所以先想用什么时态、语态、情态；接下来是动词，动词要考虑的是用及物动词还是不及物动词，是系动词还是实义动词。如果是及物动词就要考虑跟宾语，系动词就要考虑跟表语。如下图所示： 系动词跟表语下面，我们一起来写几句话。 例一： 国际旅游业创造了很多就业机会。 这句话比较简单。首先想想写这句话主语应该是什么？应该是“国际旅游业”，谓语应该是“创造”，还要带一个宾语“就业机会”。这句话的主干应该是：旅游业创造就业机会。对应的简单句句型应该是主谓宾S+V+O。先写主语：International tourism；下面考虑时态，这应该是一个经常反复发生的动作，故用一般现在时，create这个

12、动词应该加s；create是及物动词，所以后面加上many job opportunities, 写成：International tourism creates many job opportunities. 例二：外出工作让母亲们没法照顾好孩子。 这是一个稍微难的句子，先想主语，是“外出工作”，在主语的位置要用动名词，写成Working outside；“让”不能写成let，要用make, 时态用一般现在时，故make要加s；make是及物动词，后跟宾语mothers, “没法照顾好孩子”就成为宾语补足语，构成S+V+O+C的句型，宾语补足语用形容词，写成unable to take go

13、od care of their children, 全句成为：Working outside makes women unable to take good care of their children. 当然还可以写成： Working outside makes it impossible for women to take good care of their children. 这句话将原句进行了适当变通，使之成为“外出工作让母亲们照顾好孩子成为不可能”，然后活用了it作为形式宾语，将不定式后置。相比之下第一种写法稍显生硬。 第三种写法：Working outside deprive

14、s women of the chance to take good care of their children. 这句话将原句进行了适当变通，使之成为“外出工作剥夺了母亲们照顾好孩子的机会”，活用了deprive sb. of 这个句型。所以英语写作有很多可能，可选择自己最有把握的句子写出来。 结束语：简单句需要同学们好好训练，因为简单句是走向更复杂句子结构的基础。 作文过关技巧句型1表示原因1）There are three reasons for this2）The reasons for this are as follows3）The reason for this is obvi

15、ous4）The reason for this is not far to seekbe not far to seek 显而易见，不难发现5）The reason for this is that6）We have good reason to believe that例如：There are three reasons for the changes that have taken place in our lifeFirstly，peoples living standard has been greatly improvedSecondly，most people are well

16、paid，and they can afford what they need or likeLast but not least，more and more people prefer to enjoy modern life注：如写第一个句子没有把握，可将其改写成两个句子。如：Great changes have taken place in our life There are three reasons for this这样写可以避免套用中的表达失误。2表示好处1）It has the following advantages2）It does us a lot of good3）It

17、 benefits us quite a lot4）It is beneficial to us5）It is of great benefit to us例如：Books are like friendsThey can help us know the world better，and they can open our minds and widen our horizonsTherefore，reading extensively is of great benefit to us3表示坏处1）It has more disadvantages than advantages2）It

18、does us much harm3）It is harmful to us例如：However，everything divides into twoTelevision can also be harmful to usIt can do harm to our health and make us lazy if we spend too much time watching television4表示重要、必要、困难、方便、可能1）It is important（necessary，difficult，convenient，possible）for sbto do sth2）We th

19、ink it necessary to do sth3）It plays an important role in our life例如：Computers are now being used everywhere，whether in the government，in schools or in businessSoon，computers will be found in every home，tooWe have good reason to say that computers are playing an increasingly important role in our li

20、fe and we have stepped into the Computer Age5表示措施1）We should take some effective measures2）We should try our best to overcome（conquer）the difficulties3）We should do our utmost in doing sth4）We should solve the problems that we are confronted（faced）with例如：The housing problem that we are confronted wi

21、th is becoming more and more seriousTherefore，we must take some effective measures to solve it6表示变化1）Some changes have taken place in the past five years2）A great change will certainly be produced in the worlds communications3）The computer has brought about many changes in education例如：Some changes h

22、ave taken place in peoples diet in the past five yearsThe major reasons for these changes are not far to seekNowadays，more and more people are switching from grain to meat for protein，and from fruit and vegetable to milk for vitamins7表示事实、现状1）We cannot ignore the fact that2）No one can deny the fact

23、that3）There is no denying the fact that4）This is a phenomenon that many people are interested in5）However，thats not the case例如：We cannot ignore the fact that industrialization brings with it the problems of pollutionTo solve these problems， we can start by educating the public about the hazards of p

24、ollutionThe government on its part should also design stricter laws to promote a cleaner environment8表示比较1）Compared with A，B2）I prefer to read rather than watch TV3）There is a striking contrast between them例如：Compared with cars，bicycles have several advantages besides being affordableFirstly，they do

25、 not consume natural resources of petroleumSecondly，they do not cause the pollution problemLast but not least，they contribute to peoples health by giving them due physical exercise9表示看法1）People have（take，adopt，assume）different attitudes towards sth2）People have different opinions on this problem3）Pe

26、ople take different views of（on）the question4）Some people believe thatOthers argue that例如：People have different attitudes towards failureSome believe that failure leads to successEvery failure they experience translates into a greater chance of success at their renewed endeavorHowever，others are eas

27、ily discouraged by failures and put themselves into the category of losers10表示结论1）In short，it can be said that 2）It may be briefly summed up as follows3）From what has been mentioned above，we can come to the conclusion that 例如：From what has been mentioned above，we can come to the conclusion that exam

28、ination is necessary，however，its method should be improved套语1）Its well known to us that 2）As is known to us，3）This is a topic that is being widely talked about4）From the graph（table，chart）listed above，it can be seen that 5）As a proverb says，“Where there is a will，there is a way” 文章结尾形式2-1 结论性- 通过对文章

29、前面的讨论 ,引出或重申文章的中心思想及观点 .e.g: 1. From what has been discussed above，we may safely draw the conclusion that 2. In summary/In brief/ To sum up/In a word, it is more valuable 2-2 后果性- 揭示所讨论的问题若不解决, 将产生的严重后果.e.g: 1. We must call for an immediate method， because the current phenomenon of ， if allowed to p

30、roceed, will surely lead to the heavy cost of 2. Obviously, if we ignore/are blind to the problem， there is every chance that will be put in danger.2-3 号召性 - 呼吁读者行动起来, 采取行动或提请注意.e.g:1. It is time that we urged an immediate end to the undesirable tendency of 2. It is essential that effective measures should be taken to correct the tendency.2-4 建议性 - 对所讨论的问题提出建议性的意见, 包括建议和具体的解决问题的方法.e.g: 1. While it cannot be solved immediately，still there areways. The most popular is Another method is Still another one is 2. Awareness/Recognition of