1、考研英语一真题及答案解析_年考研英语一真题原文及答案解析完整版_年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Trust is a tricky business. On the one hand, its a necessary condition 1 many worthwhi
2、le things: child care, friendships, etc. On the other hand, putting your 2, in the wrong place often carries a high 3.4, why do we trust at all? Well, because it feels good. 5 people place their trust in an individual or an institution, their brains release oxytocin, a hormone that 6 pleasurable fee
3、lings and triggers the herding instruct that prompts humans to 7 with one another. Scientists have found that exposure 8 this hormone puts us in a trusting 9: In a Swiss study, researchers sprayed oxytocin into the noses of half the subjects; those subjects were ready to lend significantly higher am
4、ounts of money to strangers than were their 10 who inhaled something else.11 for us, we also have a sixth sense for dishonesty that may 12 us. A Canadian study found that children as young as 14 months can differentiate credible person and a dishonest one. Sixty toddlers were each 14 to an adult tes
5、ter holding a plastic container. The tester would ask, “Whats in here?” before looking into the container, smiling, and exclaiming, “Wow!” Each subject was then invited to look 15. Half of them found a toy; the other half 16 the container was empty-and realized the tester had 17 them.Among the child
6、ren who had not been tricked, the majority were 18 to cooperate with the tester in learning a new skill, demonstrating that they trusted his leadership. 19, only five of the 30 children paired with the “20”tester participated in a follow-up activity.1. A on B like C for D from2. A faith B concern C
7、attention D interest3. A benefit B debt C hope D price4. A Therefore B Then C Instead D Again5. AUntil B Unless C Although D When6. A selects B produces C applies D maintains8. A at B by Cof Dto9. A context B mood C period D circle10.A counterparts B substitutes C colleagues Dsupporters11.A Funny B
8、Lucky C Odd D Ironic12.A monitor B protect C surprise D delight13.A between B within C toward D over14.A transferred B added C introduced D entrusted15.A out B back C around D inside16.A discovered B proved C insisted D .remembered17.A betrayed Bwronged C fooled D mocked18.A forced B willing C hesit
9、ant D entitled19.A In contrast B As a result C On the whole D For instance20.A inflexible B incapable C unreliable D unsuitableSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWE
10、R SHEET. (40 points)Text 1This isnt to be alarmist. Optimists point out that technological upheaval has benefited workers in the past. The Industrial Revolution didnt go so well for Luddites whose jobs were displaced by mechanized looms, but it eventually raised living standards and created more job
11、s than it destroyed. Likewise, automation should eventually boost productivity, stimulate demand by driving down prices, and free workers from hard, boring work. But in the medium term, middle-class workers may need a lot of help adjusting.21.Who will be most threatened by automation?A Leading polit
12、icians.BLow-wage laborers.CRobot owners.DMiddle-class workers.22 .Which of the following best represent the authors view?A Worries about automation are in fact groundless.BOptimists opinions on new tech find little support.CIssues arising from automation need to be tackledDNegative consequences of n
13、ew tech can be avoided23.Education in the age of automation should put more emphasis onA creative potential.Bjob-hunting skills.Cindividual needs.Dcooperative spirit.24.The author suggests that tax policies be aimed atA encouraging the development of automation.Bincreasing the return on capital inve
14、stment.Ceasing the hostility between rich and poor.25.In this text, the author presents a problem withA opposing views on it.Bpossible solutions to it.Cits alarming impacts.Dits major variations.Text 2A new survey by finds more than two-thirds of young Americans disapprove of President Trumps use of
15、 Twitter. The implication is that Millennials prefer news from the White House to be filtered through other source, Not a presidents social media platform.Most Americans rely on social media to check daily headlines. Yet as distrust has risen toward all media, people may be starting to beef up their
16、 media literacy skills. Such a trend is badly needed. During the 2016 presidential campaign, nearly a quarter of web content shared by Twitter users in the politically critical state of was fake news, according to the . And a survey conducted for BuzzFeed News found 44 percent of Facebook users rare
17、ly or never trust news from the media giant.Such active research can have another effect. A 2014 survey conducted in , , and the by the University of Wisconsin-Madison found that young peoples reliance on social media led to greater political engagement.Social media allows users to experience news e
18、vents more intimately and immediately while also permitting them to re-share news as a projection of their values and interests. This forces users to be more conscious of their role in passing along information. A survey by Barna research group found the top reason given by Americans for the fake ne
19、ws phenomenon is “reader error,” more so than made-up stories or factual mistakes in reporting. About a third say the problem of fake news lies in “misinterpretation or exaggeration of actual news” via social media. In other words, the choice to share news on social media may be the heart of the iss
20、ue. “This indicates there is a real personal responsibility in counteracting this problem,” says Roxanne Stone, editor in chief at Barna Group.So when young people are critical of an over-tweeting president, they reveal a mental discipline in thinking skills and in their choices on when to share on
21、social media.26. According to the Paragraphs 1 and 2, many young Americans cast doubts onA the justification of the news-filtering practice.B peoples preference for social media platforms.C the administrations ability to handle information.D social media was a reliable source of news.27. The phrase
22、“beer up”(Line 2, Para. 2) is closest in meaning toA sharpenB defineC boastD share28. According to the knight foundation survey, young peopleA tend to voice their opinions in cyberspace.B verify news by referring to diverse resources.C have s strong sense of responsibility.D like to exchange views o
23、n “distributed trust”29. The Barna survey found that a main cause for the fake news problem isA readers outdated values.B journalists biased reportingC readers misinterpretationD journalists made-up stories.30. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?A A Rise in Critical Skills f
24、or Sharing News OnlineB A Counteraction Against the Over-tweeting TrendC The Accumulation of Mutual Trust on Social Media.D The Platforms for Projection of Personal Interests.Text 3DeepMind has almost apologized. The NHS trust has mended its ways. Further arrangements- and there may be many-between
25、the NHS and DeepMind will be carefully scrutinised to ensure that all necessary permissions have been asked of patients and all unnecessary data has been cleaned. There are lessons about informed patient consent to learn. But privacy is not the only angle in this case and not even the most important
26、. Ms Denham chose to concentrate the blame on the NHS trust, since under existing law it “controlled” the data and DeepMind merely “processed it. But this distinction misses the point that it is processing and aggregation, not the mere possession of bits, that gives the data value.31.Wha is true of
27、the agreement between the NHS and DeepMind ?A It caused conflicts among tech giants.B It failed to pay due attention to patients rights.C It fell short of the latters expectationsD It put both sides into a dangerous situation.32. The NHS trust responded to Denhams verdict withA empty promises.B toug
28、h resistance.C necessary adjustments.D sincere apologies.33.The author argues in Paragraph 2 thatA privacy protection must be secured at all costs.B leaking patients data is worse than selling it.C making profits from patients data is illegal.34.According to the last paragraph, the real worry arisin
29、g from this deal isA the vicious rivalry among big pharmas.B the ineffective enforcement of privacy law.C the uncontrolled use of new software.D the monopoly of big data by tech giants.35.The authors attitude toward the application of AI to healthcare isA ambiguous.B cautious.C appreciative.D contem
30、ptuous.Text 4The U.S. Postal Service (USPS) continues to bleed red ink. It reported a net loss of $5.6 billion for fiscal 2016, the 10th straight year its expenses have exceeded revenue. Meanwhile, it has more than $120 billion in unfunded liabilities, mostly for employee health and retirement costs
31、. There are many bankruptcies. Fundamentally, the USPS is in a historic squeeze between technological change that has permanently decreased demand for its bread-and-butter product, first-class mail, and a regulatory structure that denies management the flexibility to adjust its operations to the new realityAnd interest groups ranging from postal unions to greeting-card makers exert self-interested pressure on the USPSs ultimate overseer-Congress-insisting that wh
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