过去完成时和虚拟语气讲解和练习.docx

1、过去完成时和虚拟语气讲解和练习过去完成时和虚拟语气讲解和练习过去完成时注意：过去完成时表示过去某一时间或某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，动作发生的时间是过去的过去.它是一个相对的时态，只有在和过去某个时间或动作相比较时才会用到。 E.g. By the end of the match，they had kicked two goals. We had already had lunch before we arrived there. 其结构是had+过去分词.它的否定句是在had后边加not，变一般疑问句是把had提前。 E.g. I had reached the station be

2、fore 9：00 oclock. I had not reached the station before 9：00 oclock. Had you reached the station before 9：00 oclock？ 它通常和before，by the end of 等引导的表示过去的时间状语连用。1. 由时间状语来判定一般说来，各种时态都有特定的时间状语。与过去完成时连用的时间状语有：（ 1 ） by + 过去的时间点。如： I had finished reading the novel by nine oclock last night. （ 2 ） by the end

3、of + 过去的时间点。如： We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term. （ 3 ） before + 过去的时间点。如： They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday.2. 由“过去的过去”来判定。过去完成时表示“过去的过去”，是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，即动作有先后关系，动作在前的用过去完成时，在后的用一般过去时。这种用法常出现在：（ 1 ）宾语从句中当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时，且从句的动作先于主句的动作时，

4、从句要用过去完成时。在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。如：She said that she had seen the film before. （ 2 ）状语从句中 在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中，主、从句的动作发生有先后关系，动作在前的，要用过去完成时，动作在后的要用一般过去时。如：After he had finished his homework, he went to bed.注意： before, after 引导的时间状语从句中，由于 before 和 after 本身已表达了动作的先后关系，若主、从句表示的动作紧密相连，

5、则主、从句都用一般过去时。如：After he closed the door, he left the classroom.（3）表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示原本，未能We had hoped that you would come, but you didnt.3. 根据上、下文来判定。I met Wang Tao in the street yesterday. We hadnt seen each other since he went to Beijing. 单项选择1He as

6、ked me _ during the summer holidays.A. where I had been B. where I had goneC. where had I been D. where had I gone2. What _ Jane _ by the time he was sever?A. did, do B. has, done C did, did. D. had, done3. I _ 900 English words by the time I was ten。A. learned B. was learning C. had learned D. lear

7、nt4. She _lived here for _ years.A. had, a few B. has, several C. had, a lot of D. has, a great deal of5. By the time my parents reached home yesterday, I _ the dinner already.A had cooked B. cooked C. have cooked D. was cooked6. She said she _ the principle alreadyA .has seen B. saw C. will see D.

8、had seen7. She said her family _ themselves _ the army during the war.A. has hidden, from B. had hidden, fromC. has hidden, with D. had hidden, with8. By the time he was ten years old, he _.A. has completed university B. has completed the universityB. had completed an university D. had completed uni

9、versity9. She had written a number of books _ the end of last year.A. for B. in C. by D. at10. He _ to play _ before he was 11 years old.A had learned, piano B. had learned, the pianoC. has learned, the piano D. learns ,piano.用动词的适当形式填空1. We _ (paint) the house before we _ (move) in.2. That rich old

10、 man _ (make) a will before he _ (die).3. They _ (study) the map of the country before they _ (leave).4. The robbers _ (run away ) before the policemen _ (arrive).5. I _ (turn off) all the lights before I _ (go) to bed.6. Paul _ (go) out with Jane after he _ (make) a phone call.虚拟语气虚拟语气表示一种假设的情况，或一种

11、主观的愿望，即动词所表示的动作或状态并非事实，或不可能实现。英语虚拟语气的形式有下列几种：一、与现在事实相反 连接词条件从句结果从句If1.动词过去式(或were)2.助动词（过去式）+动词原形Should Would +动词原形couldmightIf had the time, John would make a trip to China to see the Great Wall.If I were you, I would give up drinking immediately.二.与将来事实相反连接词条件从句结果从句If1. should+动词原形2. 动词过去式3、were t

12、o+动词原形ShouldWould +动词原形couldmightIf you should lose, what would you do?If I were to see her tomorrow, I would tell her the truth.If you went there next time, you would see what I mean.三、与过去事实相反连接词条件从句结果从句Ifhad+过去分词Should Would + have+过去分词couldmightIf Id known that it was going to rain, I would never

13、 have gone for a walk in the country.四、虚拟语气的几种特殊用法省掉if的条件从句结构：Had you asked me, I would have told you. (=If you had asked me,)2.有时虚拟条件不用条件从句而用不定式、分词、介词、名词、连接词或定语从句来表示，如：A true friend would not do such a thing.(=If he were a true friend, he.) (=If there were no water,) (=If you hadnt helped me,)3. 有时

14、条件从句中的动作和结果从句中的动作发生的时间不一致，如：If he had followed the doctors advice, he would be quite all right now.If I were you, I would have gone home.五、虚拟语气的其他用法1、Suggest, advise 等动词之后宾语从句须用虚拟语气，其句子结构如下：suggest, advise, recommend, demand, require, insist, urge, request, order, +that(should )+动词原形decide, ask, mov

15、e, propose等注意：在此结构中that不可省略；should省不省均可。He suggested that they (should ) stop smoking.上述动词的名词形式出现时，that 引导的从句仍用虚拟语气。He made a request that they (should ) stop smoking.如果that 引导的从句所表达的内容是事实，也可用陈述语气。He insists that he is right.2、It is (was )+necessary, a pity 等+that引导的从句须用虚拟语气，其句子结构如下： imperative, adv

16、isable, 动词完成式It is (was) + important, natural, necessary, +that(should) +essential, strange,等 动词原形 It is important that you (should) follow the doctors orders.It is right that you should have done your homework.3、wish的用法动词过去式或were与现在事实相反主语+wish(that)+主语 + 动词过去完成式与过去事实相反助动词过去试+动词原形与将来事实相反I wish I wer

17、e a pop singer. (=I am sorry I am not a pop singer.)I wish I had never stopped teaching. (=I am sorry I stopped teaching.)I wish theyd let us get some sleep.注意：wish与hope接宾语从句的区别在于：hope表示一般可以实现的希望，宾语从句用陈述语气。wish表示很难或不大可能实现的希望,宾语从句用虚拟语气。试比较：（1） We hope they will come,(We dont know if they can come.)（2

18、） We wish they could come,(We know they are not coming.)4、as if, as though, would(had) rather(that)引导的从句须用虚拟语气，如： He acts as if nothing had happened.I would rather you didnt tell him.5、Its (high) time that+动词过去式或should+动词原形，如：Its time (that) you had a hair cut.Its high time (that) we took some actio

19、n.虚拟语气用在主语从句中It is demanded / necessary / a pity + that等结构的主语从句，谓语动词用should 加动词原形，should 可省略。It is 可用的词有三类 that （should）dosuggested, ordered, required, proposed, demanded, requested, insisted等 important, necessary, natural, imperative, strange等 a pity, a shame, no wonder等 虚拟语气用在同位语从句中。 某些表示建议、请求、命令等

20、主观意向的名词后同位语从句需用虚拟语气，其表达形式为(should) 动词原形。这类名词常见的有：advice，suggestion，proposal（提议），order， demand，desire，request，requirement，recommendation（推荐），plan，resolution（决议）， idea等。 eg. We are all for your proposal that the discussion ( should )be put off 虚拟语气用在表语从句中。某些表示建议、请求、命令等主观意向的名词作主语时，表语从句需用虚拟语气，其表达形式为(sho

21、uld) 动词原形。这类名词常见的有：advice，suggestion，proposal，order， demand，desire，request，requirement，recommendation以及plan，idea，resolution等。eg. My suggestion is that the mayor (should)present the prizes. 虚拟语气用在定语从句中It is（about high）time that sb.did sth/should do sth. eg. Dont you think its about time we went home？

22、 注：在this is the first time second time that句型中，从句中谓语动词用陈述语气完成时态。 eg.Is this the first time that you have visited Hongkong？ 虚拟语气用在让步、方式、目的状语从句中 1在带有even if/ even though引导的让步状语从句的主从复合句中，主句和从句都用虚拟语气，动词形式与含有非真实条件句的虚拟语气相同。如: Even if he had been ill, he would have gone to his office. 即使生了病，他俩去办公室。2由as if或

23、as though引导的状语从句表示比较或方式时。从句谓语形式为动词的过去式(be用were)或 “had十过去分词”。如: He treated me as if I were a stranger. 他那样对待我，好像我是陌生人似的。She talked about the film as if she had really seen it. 她谈论那部影片，就好像她确实看过一样。3虚拟语气用在lest（唯恐、免得），for fear that及in case引导的目的状语从句中。 在由lest等引导的目的状语从句中需用虚拟语气，表示“以防，以免”等意思，其谓语动词多由should 动词原

24、形构成，should也可省略。 eg. He was punished lest he should make the same mistake again 虚拟语气用情感语言中 1虚拟语气在表示客气、遗憾以及祝愿等场合中，使用虚拟语气。 eg.You shouldnt have been following him so closely；you should have kept your distance 2If only sb./sth. +时态后退型的谓语 eg. If only I had known the result of the examination.虚拟语气专项练习1-Wi

25、ll you come to the party? -_ you also invite Blade.A. Why not B. Only if C. If not D. When2If I _ you, I _ go there.A. is; will B. is; would C. were; would D. was; will3If it rain tomorrow， Well go on a trip.A. isnt B. doesnt C. wont4I dont know if he _tomorrow.A. Will come B. comes C. came D. has c

26、ome5The headmaster with his students Hangzhou Paradise Park if it tomorrow.A. is going to; isnt rainy B. are going to; isnt rainyC. is going to; wont rain D. are going to; doesnt rain6If I _ a million dollars, I would give it to medical research.A. will have B. have C. had D. am having7If I _ you, I

27、 would say another student could do it better.A. was B. were C. were D. are8What would you do if you the lottery? I give half of the money to charities. A. win, will B. win, would C. won, will D. won, would9I am too busy now. If I_ free, I _to the cinema with you.A. am; will go B. am; would go C. we

28、re; would go D. was; was going10What_ you do if you had a million dollars ? A. would B. will C. did D. do11 Im going to Larrys party. But I dont know what to wear.If I _ you, I _ wear a dress.A. am; will B. were; willC. were; would D. am; would12If I _ you, I _ be afraid .Awas, wouldnt Bwere, wont C

29、were, wouldnt 13 If I _Alice, I _them the truth.A. was , would tell B. were ,would tell C. am, will tell D. is , will tell14- If I_ one million dollars, I would give it to medical research. -If I _ you, I would give it to charity.A. will have, am B. would have, was C. had, were D. have, is15If I _ you, I would _ my homework myself.A. wa