完整版前后缀词根表较完整版供查阅.docx

1、完整版前后缀词根表较完整版供查阅英语单词构词法前缀前缀、后缀、词根总结1. 表示否定意义的前缀(1) 纯否定前缀前缀举例a-, an-asymmetry （ 不对称 ）, anhydrous （ 无水的 ）dis-dishonest, dislikein-, ig-, il-, im-, ir-incapable, inability, ignoble, impossible, immoral, illegal, irregularne-, n-none, neither, nevernon-nonsenseun-unable, unemployment(2) 表示错误的意义前缀举例male-

2、, mal-malfunction, maladjustment （ 失调 ）mis-mistake, misleadpseudo-pseudonym （假名）, pseudoscience(3) 表示反动作的意思前缀举例de-defend, demodulation （ 解调 ）dis-disarm, disconnectun-unload, uncover(4) 表示相反、相互对立的意思前缀举例anti-, ant-antiknock （ 防震 ）, antiforeign （ 排外的 ）contra-, contre-, contro-contradiction, controflow

3、（ 逆流 ）counter-counteraction, counterbalanceob-, oc-, of-, op-,object, oppose, occupywith-withdraw, withstand2. 表示空间位置、方向关系的前缀前缀含义举例a-在 之上、向 aboard, asideby-附近、邻近、边侧bypath, bypasscircum-, circu-周围、环绕、回转circumstance, circuitde-在下、向下descend, degradeen-在内、进入encage, enbedex-, ec-, es-外部、外exit, eclipse, e

4、xpand, exportextra-额外extractionfore-在前面forehead, foregroundin-, il- im-, ir-向内、在内、背于inland, invade, inside, importinter-, intel-在 间，相互international, interaction,intro-向内、在内、内侧introduce,medi-, med-, mid-中，中间Mediterranean, midpositionout-在上面，在外部，在外outline, outside, outwardover-在上面，在外部，向上overlook, over

5、head, overboardpost-向后，在后面，次postscript （ 附言 ）, postgraduatepre-在前，在前面prefix, preface, prepositionpro-在前、向前progress, proceedsub-, suc-, suf-, sug-, sum-, sup-, sur-, sus-在下面，下subway, submarine, suffix, suppress, supplementsuper-, sur-在 之上superficial, surface, superstructuretrans-移上，转上，在那一边translate,

6、transform, transoceanicunder-在 下面，下的underline, undergroundup-向上，向上面，在上upward, uphold, uphill3. 表示时间、序列关系的前缀前缀含义举例ante-, anti-先前，早于，预先antecedent, anticipateex-先、故、旧ex-president, ex-husbandfore-在前面、先前、前面foreword, foretellmid-, medi-中，中间midnight, midsummerpost-在后，后postwarpre-, pri-在前、事先、预先preheat, prew

7、ar, prehistorypro-在前、先、前prologue （ 序幕 ）, prophetre-再一次、重新retell, rewrite4. 表示比较程度差别关系的前缀前缀含义举例by-副、次要的byproductextra-超越、额外extraordinaryhyper-超过、极度hypersonic, hypertensionout-超过、过分outdo （超过）, outbidover-超过、过度、太overeat, overdress, oversleepsub-, suc-次、低、副、亚subeditor, subordinate, successionsuper-, sur

8、-超过supernatural, superpower, surplusunder-低劣、低下undersize, undergrownvice-副、次vice-president, vice-chairman5. 表示共同、相等意思的前缀前缀含义举例com-, cop-, con-, cor-, co-共同、一起combine, connect, coexistsyn-, syl-, sym-同、共、和、类synthesis, sympathy6. 表示整个完全意思的前缀前缀含义举例al-完整、完全alone, almostover-完全、全overall, overflow （ 充满 ）p

9、an-全、总、万panentheism （ 泛神论 ）, panorama （全景、概论 ）7. 表示分离、离开意思的前缀前缀含义举例a-, ab-, abs-分离、离开away, apart, abstract, abstainde-离去、除去depart, decolourdis-, di-, dif-分离、离开disarm, divorceex-, e-离开、分离expel, exclude, expatriatefor-离开、脱离forgive, forgetre-离开release, resolvese-分离、隔离separate, seduce, select8. 表示通过、遍及意

10、思的前缀前缀含义举例dia-通过、横过diameter, diagramper-, pel-通、总、遍perfect, perform, pervade （ 浸透 ）trans-横过、贯通transparent, transmit, transport9. 表示加强意思的前缀前缀举例a-arouse, ashamedad-adjoin, adhere （ 粘着 ）10. 表示变换此类作用的前缀前缀举例be-befriend （ 帮助、扶助 ）en-enslave, enable, enrichad-, ac-, af-, ag-, an-, ap-, ar-, as-, at-adapt, a

11、ccord, affix, aggression, arrive, assist, attend, attract, arrange, assign11. 表示数量关系的前缀前缀含义举例mono-, mon-单一、一monotone, monopoly, monarchambi-, bi-, di- twi-二、两、双ambiguous, amphibian, bicycle, diode, twilightdeca-, deco-, dec-, deci-十decade, decimalshecto-, hect-, centi-百，百分之一hectometer, centimeterkil

12、o-千、千分之一kilometermyria-, myri-, mega, meg, micro-万、万分之一myriametre, megabyte, microvoltmulti-, mult-, poly-许多、复、多数multipmetre, polysyllablehemi-, demi-, semi-, pene-, pen-半、一半hemisphere, demiofiicial, semiconductor, semitransparent, peninsula12. 表示特殊意义的前缀前缀含义举例arch-首位、第一的、主要的architect, archbishopauto

13、-自己、独立、自动automobile, autobiographybene-善、福benefiteu-优、美好eugenics （优生学 ）, euphemismmale-, mal-恶、不良maltreatment, malodormacro-大、宏大macroscopic （宏观 ）magni-大magnificentmicro-微microscope13. 表示术语的前缀前缀含义举例aud-听、声audiencebio-生命、生物biographyge-地球、大地geographyphon-声、音调phonographtele-远离television, telephone英语单词构词

14、法 后缀1. 名词后缀(1) 具有某种职业或动作的人后缀含义举例-an, -ian 地方的人， 精通 的人American, historian-al具有 职务的人principal-ant, -ent者merchant, agent, servant, student-ar 的人scholar, liar-ard, -art做的人coward, laggard, braggart-arian派别 /主义的人，humanitarian, vegetarian-ary从事 的人secretary, missionary-ate具有 职责的人candidate, graduate-ator做的人e

15、ducator, speculator-crat某种政体、主义的支持者democrat, bureaucrat-ee动作承受着employee, examinee-eer从事于 的人engineer, volunteer-er从事某职业的人，某地区、地方的人banker, observer, Londoner, villager-ese国人， 地方的人Japanese, Cantonese-ess阴性人称名词actress, hostess, manageress-eur家amateur, litterateur-ian地方人， 信仰教的 人，从事 职业的人Christian, physici

16、an, musician-ician精通者， 家electrician, magician, technician-icist家， 者， 能手physicist, phoneticist, technicist-ic者， 师mechanic, critic-ie爱称，指小diaries, auntie, lassie-ier从事 职业cavalier, clothier, brazier-ine, -ina阴性人称heroine, ballerina-ist从事研究者， 信仰 主义者pianist, communist, dentist, artist, chemist-ive动作者，行动者n

17、ative, captive-logist学家，研究者biologist, geologist-or者author, doctor, operator-ster做 事情的人youngerster, gamester, songster-yer从事 职业者lawyer(2) 构成具有抽象名词的含义后缀含义举例-acy性质、状态、境遇accuracy, diplomacy-age状态、行为、身份及结果、总称courage, storage, marriage-al事物的动作、过程refusal, arrival, survival, denial表示具体的事物manual, signal, edi

18、torial, journal-ance, -ence性质、状态、行为、过程、总量、程度endurance, importance, diligence, difference, obedience-ancy, -ency性质、状态、行为、过程frequency, urgency, efficiency-bility动作、性质、状态possibility, feasibility-craft工艺、技巧woodcraft, handicraft, statecraft-cracy统治、支配bureaucracy, democracy-cy性质、状态、职位、级别bankruptcy, suprem

19、acy-dom等级、领域、状态freedom, kingdom, wisdom-ery, -ry行为、状态、习性bravery, bribery, rivalry-ety性质、状态variety, dubiety-faction, -facture作成， 化、作用satisfaction, manufacture-hood资格、身份、年纪、状态childhood, falsehood-ice行为、性质、状态notice, justice, service-ine带有抽象概念medicine, discipline, famine-ing动作的过程，结果building, writing, le

20、arning-ion, -sion, -tion, -ation, -ition行为的过程、结果、状况action, solution, conclusion, destruction, expression, correction-ise性质、状态exercise, merchandise-ism制度、主义、学说、信仰、行为socialism, criticism, colloquialism, heroism-ity性质、状态、程度purity, reality, ability, calamity-ment行为、状态、过程、手段及其结果treatment, movement, judgm

21、ent, punishment, argument-mony动作的结果、状态ceremony, testimony-ness性质、状态、程度goodness, kindness, tiredness-or, -our动作、性质、状态favor, error-osity动作、状态curiosity-ship情况、性质、技巧、技能及身份、职业hardship, membership, friendship-th动作、性质、过程、状态depth, wealth, truth, length, growth-tude性质、状态、程度latitude, altitude-ure行为、结果exposure

22、, pressure, failure-y行为的结果、状态、性质glory, history, inquiry(3) 带有场所、地方的含义后缀含义举例-age住所、地点village, cottage-ary住所、场地library, granary-ery, -ry工作场所、饲养地、地点laundry, nursery, surgery-ory工作场所、住处factory, dormitory, laboratory(4) 表示学术、科技含义后缀含义举例-grapy学，写法biography, calligraphy, geography-ic, -ics学， 法logic, mechani

23、cs, optics-ology学， 论biology, zoology, technology-nomy学， 术astronomy, economy-ery学科、学术chemistry, cookery, machinery-y 学，术，法photography, philosophy(5) 表示人和事物的总和，集合含义后缀举例-agebaggage, tonnage-domnewspaperdom-hoodneighbourhood, womanhood-rycavalry, ministry-urelegislature, judicature(6) 表示物品和物质名称的含义后缀举例-a

24、nt, -entsolvent, constant-alsignal, pictorial-arcollar, pillar-erboiler, computer, washer, cooker-erydrapery-ingclothing, matting-mentinstrument, equipment, attachment(7) 表示 “细小 ”的意思后缀举例-cleparticle-culemolecule-elparcel-enchicken, maiden-etpocket, ticket-etta, -ette, -ettocigarette-kinnapkin-lingdu

25、ckling-letbooklet-ybaby, doggy2. 形容词后缀(1) 带有 “属性、倾向、相关”的含义后缀举例-able, -iblemovable, comfortable, applicable, visible, responsible-alnatural, additional, educational-an, -aneurban, suburban, republican-ant, -entdistant, important, excellent-arsimilar, popular, regular-arymilitary, voluntary-ic, -atic,

26、 -icalpolitic, systematic, physical-inemasculine, feminine, marine-ingmoving, touching, daring-ishfoolish, bookish, selfish-iveactive, impressive, decisive-orysatisfactory, compulsory-il, -ile, -eelfragile, genteel后缀举例(2) 表示 “相像，类似 ”的含义后缀举例-ishboyish, childish-esquepicturesque-likemanlike, childlike

27、-lymanly, fatherly, scholarly, motherly-sometroublesome, handsome-ymilky, pasty(3) 表示“充分的 ”含义后缀举例-fulbeautiful, wonderful, helpful, truthful-ousdangerous, generous, courageous, various-entviolent(4) 表示由某种物质形成、制成或生产的含义后缀举例-enwooden, golden, woolen-ousgaseous-ficscientific(5) 表示方向的含义后缀举例-erneastern, western-warddownward, forward-bledouble, treble-pletriple-foldtwofold, tenfold(7) 表示 “数量关系 ”的含义后缀举例-teenthirteen-tyfifty-thfourth