宾语从句.docx

1、宾语从句核心提示：宾语从句是主从复合句中最常见的从句之一。 它作及物动词、介词或者某些形容词的宾语。由于宾语从句涉及到引导词、语序、时态等多方面的内容，所以宾语从句的用法一直是学习的重点难点。本文对宾语从句的用法进行了详尽讲解并附有例句，望对中学生朋友有所帮助。一.宾语从句的定义置于动词、介词等词性后面起宾语作用的从句叫宾语从句。宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序。谓语动词、介词、动词不定式，v.-ing形式后面都能带宾语从句。有些形容词（afraid,sure,glad等）之后也可以带宾语从句。二.宾语从句中引导词的用法在复合句中作主句的宾语，引导词有：连词：that (that 常可省略),wh

2、ether, if代词：who, whose, what ,which副词：when ,where, how, why 等。（一）that引导的宾语从句（在非正式场合that可以省略）可跟that从句做宾语的动词有：say, think, insist, wish, hope, demand, imagine, wonder, know, suppose, see, believe, agree, admit, deny, expect, explain, order, command, feel, dream, suggest, hear, mean, notice, prefer, req

3、uest, require, propose, declare, report等。例句：The boy believes that he will travel through space to other planets.注意事项：当主句谓语动词是 think, believe, suppose, expect 等词，而宾语从句的意思是否定时，常把否定转移至主句表示。例句：I dont think it is right for him to treat you like that.在以下情况中that不能省略1. 当句中的动词后接多于两个由that引导的宾语从句时，第一个that可省，但后

4、面的that不可省。例句：He said (that) you were too young to understand the matter and that he was asked not to tell you. 2. 当主句的谓语动词与that宾语从句之间有插入语时，that一般不可省。例句：Just then I noticed, for the first time, that our master was wearing his fine green coat and his black silk cap. 3. 当that从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时，that不可省。例句：I

5、cant tell him that his mother died. 注意事项：许多带复合宾语的句子，that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子后部，而用it作形式宾语。例句：I find it necessary that we should do the homework on time.（二）由whether,if 引导的宾语从句由whether(if)引导的宾语从句，实际上是一般疑问句演变而来的。意思是“是否”。宾语从句要用陈述句语序。一般说来，在宾语从句中whether与if可以互换使用，但在特殊情况下if与whether是不能互换的。例句：I wonder whether(if) the

6、y will come to our party.只能用whether，不能用if引导的宾语从句1. 在带to的不定式前例句：We decided whether to walk there. 2. 在介词的后面例句：Im thinking of whether we should go to see the film. 3. 在动词后面的宾语从句时例句：We discussed whether we had a sports meeting next week 4. 直接与or not连用时例句：I cant say whether or not thet can come on time.

7、 只能用if不能用whether引导的宾语从句1. if引导条件状语从句，意为“如果”例句：The students will go on a picnic if it is sunny. 2. if引导否定概念的宾语从句时例句：He asked if I didnt come to school yesterday. 3. 引导状语从句even if（即使）和as if（好象）时例句：He talks as if he has known all about it. （三）连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句这样的宾语从句实际上是由特殊疑问句变化而来的，宾语从句要用陈述句语序。用于这种结构的动词

8、常常是：see, say, tell, ask, answer, know, decide, show, find out, imagine, suggest, doubt, wonder, discover, understand, inform, advise等。英语中的连接代词有：who,whom,whose,which,what,在句中担任主语、宾语、定语或者表语。例句：Can you tell me whom you are waiting for?英语中的连接副词有：when,where,why,how，在句中担任状语的成分。例句：None of us knows where th

9、ese new parts can be bought.三.宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序是陈述句语序即：连接代词/副词+主语+谓语+其他成分。例句如下：1. I dont know what they are looking for. 2. Could you tell me when the train will leave? 3. Can you imagine what kind of man he is? 四.宾语从句的时态1. 主句是一般现在时，从句根据实际情况使用任何时态。例句：The headmaster hopes everything goes well. 2. 主句是过去时

10、态，从句须用过去时态的某种形式。例句：She was sorry that she hadnt finished her work on time. 3. 当宾语从句表示的是一个客观真理或者事实时，即使主句是过去时，从句也用一般现在时态。例句：The teacher told his class that light travels faster than sound. 五.宾语从句的特点1. 宾语从句可以作及物动词、介词及形容词的宾语。 2. 宾语从句的语序一律用陈述句语序。 3. 连接词that引导宾语从句在句中无词义，不充当句子成份，多数情况下可以省略。 4. whether 和 if

11、都可引导宾语从句，但 whether后可紧跟or not；whether从句可作介词的宾语。 5. 如果从句太长，可以用形式宾语it. XX资料宾语从句用法宾语从句的连接词：结构：主语+谓语+宾语（陈述句语序）一、从属连词连接宾语从句的从属连词主要有that,if,whether，和疑问词（what how where when .)。that引导表示陈述句的宾语从句，if和whether，whether.or not引导表示“是否”的一般疑问句的宾语从句。 He told me (that ）he would go to college the next year.他告诉我他明年上大学。I

12、dont know if there will be a bus any more.我不知道是否还会有公交车。Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam.1没有人知道他是否会通过考试。Teachers were asking me whether I had gone there or not at that time.那时老师们在问我是否我曾经去过那里。二、关联代词连接代词主要有who,whom,whose,what,whoever,whomever,whosever,whatever,whichever等。连接代词一般指疑问，但what,whate

13、ver除了指疑问外，也可以指陈述。Do you know who has won Red Alert game？你知道是谁赢得了红色警戒的游戏么？The book will show you what the best CEO should know.这本书会告诉你最好的执行总裁该了解什么。Have you determined whichever you should buy,a Motorola or Nokia call phone？你决定好是买诺基亚还是摩托罗拉的电话了吗？三、关联副词连接副词主要有when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however

14、等.He didnt tell me when we should meet again.他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面.Could you please tell me how you use the new panel你能告诉我怎么用这个新的操作盘吗None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.没有人知道这些的新的零件能在哪里买到.一、动词的宾语从句大多数及物动词都可以带宾语从句We all expect （that ）they will win,for members of their team are stronger.我们

15、都预料他们会赢，因为他们的队员更强壮.He told us （that） they would help us through the whole work.他告诉我们在整个工作中，他们都会帮忙的.部分“动词+副词”结构也可以带宾语从句I have found out （that） all the tickets for the concert have been sold out.我发现这场音乐会的所有票都卖光了.Can you work out （that）how much we will spend during the trip你能计算出这次旅行我们将花费多少钱吗动词短语也可以带宾语从

16、句常见的这些词有：make sure确保 make up ones mind下决心 keep in mind牢记Make sure that there are no mistakes in your papers before you turn them in.当你在上交试卷前确保没有任何错误.可运用形式宾语it代替的宾语从句动词find,feel,consider,make,believe,think等后面有宾语补足语的时候，则需要用it做形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置.I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every

17、 day .我认为我们每天多喝开水是有必要的.I feel it a pity that I havent been to the get-together.我没去聚会，感觉非常遗憾.I have made it a rule that I keep diaries.我每天写日记成了习惯.We all find it important that we (should) make a quick decision about this matter.我们都认为对这件事马上做出决定很重要.有些动词带宾语从句时需要在宾语与从句前加it（双宾语）这类动词主要有：hate,take,owe,have,

18、seeto.award,lend.hand,mail,offer,pass,pay,post,read,return,show,teach,tellI hate it when they say with their mouths full of food.我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话.He will have it that our plan is really practical.他会认为我们的计划确实可行.We take it that you will agree with us.我们认为你会同意我们的.When you start the engine,you must see to i

19、t that car is in neutral.开启发动机时，一定要使汽车的离合器处于空挡位置.若宾语从句是wh-类，则不可用it代替We all consider what you said to be unbelievable.我们都认为你所说的是不可信的.We discovered what we had learned to be valuable.我们发现我们所学到的东西都是有价值的.Can you tell me if there any shop here?你能告诉我这里有商店吗？二、介词的宾语从句用whether之类的介词宾语从句：We are talking about w

20、hether we admit students into our club.我们正在讨论是否让学生加入我们的俱乐部.The new book is about how Shenzhou six manned spaceship was sent up into space.这本新书是关于神州6号载人航天飞船是如何升入太空的.用that,if引导的介词宾语从句有时候except,but,besides三个介词后可见到that引导的宾语从句I know nothing about my new neighbor except that he used to work with a company

21、.对于我的新邻居我只知道他曾在一家公司上班，其他一无所知.三、形容词的宾语从句有些形容词具有动词的含义，所以也可以带一个宾语从句，例如；1. I am sorry I am late.I am glad that you can join us.Are you sure his answer is right?常用来引导宾语从句的形容词有： sure,certain,glad,please,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,surprisedI am sure I will pass the exam.我确信我会通过考试.I am sorry that I have t

22、roubled you so long.很抱歉我这么长时间在打扰你.He is glad that Li Ming went to see him when he was ill.他很高兴在他生病的时候李明能去看望他.四、if与whether if和whether在作“是否”解时，引导宾语从句常放在动词know,ask,care,wonder,find out等之后，介词后一般不用if 少数动词，如：leave,put,discuss,doubt后的宾语从句常用whether. whether后可以加or not,但是if不可以. 在不定式前只能用whether.（如：I cant decid

23、e whether to stay. 我不能决定是否留下。）一般“no matt”后表“是否”用whether而不用if五、不省略引导词that当that作learn,suggest,explain,agree,wonder,prove,mean,state,feel,hold等动词的宾语时；当宾语从句较长时；当主语状语置于主句尾，宾语从句之前时；当主语谓语动词(包括非谓语动词)与宾语从句之间有插入语时；当一个动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时，此时第一个that可以省略，第二个that不可以省略；当宾语从句中的主语是this,that或this,that做主语的定语时；当宾语从句是双宾语中的直

24、接宾语时；当宾语从句的主语是非谓语动词或主语从句时；当主语中的谓语动词是固定词组时；当宾语从句有it做其先行词时；在直接引语中，转述分句把宾语从句隔开时.当that在从句中充当主语时六、否定转移宾语从句的反意疑问句主句的谓语动词是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,expect,fancy,guess等，并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时，从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来，其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致.I dont think he will come to my party.而不能说成I think he wont come to my pa

25、rty.我认为他不会来我的舞会.I dont believe that man is killed by Jim,is he我认为那个人不是Jim所杀的，是不是如果宾语从句中有某个含有否定意义的形容词或副词，其反义疑问句要用肯定形式.通常我们称为否定前疑。We find that he never listens to the teacher carefully,does he我们发现他从来不仔细听老师讲课，是不是七、时态和语序当主句为现在时或将来时,宾语从句的时态一般不受主句的时态所影响.当主句为过去时从句用一般过去时或过去进行时表示与主句谓语动词动作同时发生I only knew he w

26、as studying in a western country,but I didnt know what country he was in.我只知道他当时在西方的一个国家读书，可不知道是哪个国家.He asked me if I was reading the story The Old Man and the Sea when he was in.他问我他进来的时候我是否正在读老人与海.从句过去完成时表示该动作发生在主句谓语动作之前He told me that he had told Mary about the meeting already.他告诉我他已经把有关会议的事情告诉了M

27、ary.从句谓语用过去将来时表示该动作发生在主句谓语动作之后The reporter asked if the government would take necessary measures to put down the to-do.记者问政府是否会采取必要的措施镇压骚乱.如果从句是一个客观真理，那么从句的时态不根据主句的时态而变化The teacher said that the moon goes around the earth yesterday.老师昨天说月亮围着地球转.当宾语从句的引导词是who,which,what,when,where,how,why等表疑问时，不能按正常语

28、序安排，经常将这类引导词置于句首Who do you think the public might choose as their favorite singer this year你认为今年公众会选谁为他们最喜欢的歌手.无论任何时候都为陈述语序.学习宾语从句要抓住三要素：引导词、语序和时态。一、引导词1从句为陈述句，常选择引导词that或将that省略，直接与主句相连。2从句为一般疑问句，常选择引导词if或whether。在 whether or not 结构中不能用 if 替换。3从句为特殊疑问句，常选择what,when,where,which,who,how等疑问代词、疑问副词作引导词

29、。 注意：当who为主语时，句式为：who+谓语+其他。从句的引导词有很多，如：say, think, wish , hope, see, believe, agree, expect, hear , feel等。二、判断时态情况1主句是一般现在时，从句为各种时态。2主句是一般过去时，从句为各种相应过去时态。 注意：从句描绘客观事实，用一般现在时。3关系代词：that，who，whom,whose,which:1 The teacher told the children that the sun_ round.was B. is C. were D. are2 I believe that

30、our team_ the basketball match.win B. wonC. will winD. wins3 I dont know_ to visit the old man.whether B. if C. that D. who4The soldiers soon reached( )was once an old temple()the villagers used as a school.which;whereB.what;whichC.where;whichD.what;where答：选B，动词reach后接宾语从句，从句缺少宾语，where不可，which引导宾语从句

31、时表疑问含义“哪一个”而此句中并非疑问含义，不知道哪一座庙宇，而是用what从句表陈述含义，意“过去的一座旧庙宇”；temple后为对其修饰的定语从句，用关系代词which代替，并在从句中作动词used的宾语，use sth. as“把用作”。宾语从句用作宾语。如：Do you know where he lives定语从句相当于一个形容词，用于修饰前面的名词。如：The student who answered the question was John. 回答问题的学生是John.This is the man whom he is looking for.Do you know the girl who is in red?三、 宾语从句的用法1that引导宾语从句无意义，不充当句子成分常省略。但下列情况除外：介词宾语从句的that不能省略。 and连接的两个从句，两个从句的that不能省略。He told me that he had two s