高考英语二轮增分策略专题三阅读理解第二节分类突破7词句猜测词义猜测题优选习题1216313.docx

1、高考英语二轮增分策略专题三阅读理解第二节分类突破7词句猜测词义猜测题优选习题1216313七、词句猜测 词义猜测题(2017江苏，B)Before birth，babies can tell the difference between loud sounds and voices.They can even distinguish their mothers voice from that of a female stranger.But when it comes to embryonic learning(胎教)，birds could rule the roost.As recentl

2、y reported in The Auk：Ornithological Advances，some mother birds may teach their young to sing even before they hatch(孵化)New-born chicks can then imitate their moms call within a few days of entering the world.This educational method was first observed in 2012 by Sonia Kleindorfer，a biologist at Flin

3、ders University in South Australia，and her colleagues.Female Australian superb fairy wrens were found to repeat one sound over and over again while hatching their eggs.When the eggs were hatched，the baby birds made the similar chirp to their mothersa sound that served as their regular “feed me！” cal

4、l.To find out if the special quality was more widespread in birds，the researchers sought the red-backed fairy wren，another species of Australian songbird.First they collected sound data from 67 nests in four sites in Queensland before and after hatching.Then they identified begging calls by analyzin

5、g the order and number of notes.A computer analysis blindly compared calls produced by mothers and chicks，ranking them by similarity.It turns out that baby red-backed fairy wrens also emerge chirping like their moms.And the more frequently mothers had called to their eggs，the more similar were the b

6、abies begging calls.In addition，the team set up a separate experiment that suggested that the baby birds that most closely imitated their moms voice were rewarded with the most food.This observation hints that effective embryonic learning could signal neurological(神经系统的) strengths of children to par

7、ents.An evolutionary inference can then be drawn.“As a parent，do you invest in quality children，or do you invest in children that are in need？” Kleindorfer asks.“Our results suggest that they might be going for quality.”语篇解读这是一篇科普类的说明文。文章讲述了澳大利亚的一位生物学家通过研究发现，鸟儿在孵化时会进行胎教，幼鸟会用胎教时学会的鸟叫声来引起鸟妈妈的关注。鸟儿在胎教方

8、面比人类更出色。58The underlined phrase in Paragraph 1 means “ ”Abe the worst Bbe the bestCbe just as bad Dbe just as good答案B解析词义猜测题。画线部分前面的语境说，婴儿在出生之前就能分辨很大的声响与人的嗓音(tell the difference between loud sounds and voices)；画线部分后面的语境说，有些鸟妈妈在鸟儿被孵化出来之前，就可能教它们啼叫(teach their young to sing)。通过对比画线部分的前后我们发现，这里说的是与人类相比，

9、鸟妈妈在胎教方面表现得最好(be the best)，因此选B。59What are Kleindorfers findings based on?ASimilarities between the calls of moms and chicks.BThe observation of fairy wrens across Australia.CThe data collected from Queenslands locals.DControlled experiments on wrens and other birds.答案A解析细节理解题。根据第三段的研究过程和第四段的研究结果可知，

10、他的发现基于A项(鸟妈妈与幼鸟叫声的相似之处)。60Embryonic learning helps mother birds to identify the baby birds which .Acan receive quality signalsBare in need of trainingCfit the environment betterDmake the loudest call答案C解析推理判断题。文章最后两段说，研究结果发现，叫声与鸟妈妈的声音很接近的幼鸟得到的食物最多(the baby birds that most closely imitated their moms

11、 voice were rewarded with the most food)，这表明，有效的胎教能够把孩子神经系统的优点发信号给母亲(signal neurological strengths of children to parents)。从这些信息判断，胎教能帮助鸟妈妈识别出更能适应环境的幼鸟，因此选C项。一、题型解读词义猜测题基本上是阅读理解中每年必考的题型。词义猜测是一种阅读技巧和能力，主要考查考生在短时间内根据上下文快速猜测所指定的某一个生词、词组或者句子含义的能力，而这些生词和词组往往都超出考纲范围，但在文章阅读中起到一定的作用。由此看来，对于生词的理解是否准确，直接影响着阅读

12、理解题得分的高低，对能否取得好的高考成绩有着举足轻重的作用。词义猜测题的命题方式有：1The word “.” refers to/probably means .2The underlined word “.” could best be replaced by .3What do you think the expression “.” stands for?4By saying “.” we mean .5“.” as used in the passage can best be defined as .6Which of the following words can take th

13、e place of the word “.”？7What does the underlined word/phrase “.” in Paragraph.mean?8The underlined word “.” is closest in meaning to .二、解题技巧巧用线索猜词义1根据定义、释义或同位语进行猜测有些文章，特别是科技说明文，作者通常会对一些关键词或专业术语下定义，通过阅读定义和解释部分，考生便可理解该词或短语的意思。有时，需要猜测的单词或短语后面会紧跟一个同位语，作为对前面的词或短语的解释说明。有时，文章会用冒号、破折号、括号等对某个词或短语加以解释说明。例如：(

14、2018江苏，B)When Berlin restaurant customers ate in darkness，they couldnt tell how much theyd had：those given extra-large shares ate more than everyone else，but were none the wiserthey didnt feel fuller，and they were just as ready for dessert.试题：The underlined phrase “none the wiser” in Paragraph 3 mos

15、t probably implies that the customers were .Anot aware of eating more than usualBnot willing to share food with othersCnot conscious of the food qualityDnot fond of the food provided分析：所猜测短语none the wiser后面出现了破折号来进行解释说明，我们可推知那些被给以大份饭菜的食客比其他人吃得多，但他们没觉得更饱，这说明在黑暗的就餐环境下，食客并不清楚自己多吃了多少，所以此处的none the wiser

16、是“不清楚，不知道”之意。2根据构词法进行猜测英语中通过词根加词缀或两个单词合成的方式可以构成新词。因此，掌握了一定的构词知识，再结合上下文语境，也可以快速猜测词义。例如：A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness，uneasiness，or worry.分析：根据构词法知识我们可知，un-为否定前缀，-ness为名词后缀，easy(舒适)为词根。因此，我们可知uneasiness为“不安；担忧”之意。3根据因果关系进行猜测在阅读理解文章的句子或段落中，若两个事物或两种现象之间构成因果关系，这时我们可以根据这种因果逻辑关系推断词

17、或短语的含义。表示因果关系的标志词有because，so，thus，therefore，as a result of，since，so that，so/such.that.等。例如：My son could not follow the teachers directions，he told me，and thus，Scola was disrupting the class.Didnt he know my son did not speak English yet?试题：What does the underlined word “disrupting” in Paragraph 4 pr

18、obably mean?ABreaking. BFollowing.CAttending. DDisturbing.分析：画线单词所在的句子出现了因果关系标志词thus，由前面的原因“我儿子听不懂老师的指示”可以推知，“因此，我儿子Scola干扰了课堂秩序”，故选D项。其余三项都不符合这一因果逻辑关系。4根据同义或近义关系进行猜测在画线单词或短语前后有时会出现与之同义或近义的词语或结构，它往往暗示了该词或该短语的含义，这时可从熟悉的词语中推知生词或短语的含义。常见的表示相同或相近意义的词和短语有and，or，like，as well，similarly，too，also，either等。例如：

19、The fine selection of the major works was done in close collaboration(合作) with the Museo Nacional Reina Sofia in Madrid，Spain，and with contributions from other institutions like the Salvador Dali Museum in St.Petersburg，Florida.试题：What does the word “contributions” in the last paragraph refer to?AAr

20、tworks. BProjects.CDonations. DDocuments.分析：画线单词contributions前出现了and，可利用同义或近义关系进行猜测。and前面提到了the fine selection of the major works (精选的重要作品)，后面说contributions来自其他机构，由并列关系可以推断出contributions应该属于works的范畴。故选A项。5根据反义，转折和对比关系进行猜测有些需要猜测词义的词或短语前后会出现表示转折或对比的词语，运用这些词语也可以帮助猜测词义。能体现转折、对比关系的词汇很多，常见的有but，yet，howeve

21、r，while，unlike，instead (of)，on the other hand，rather than，on the contrary等。例如：In the evening，rides are usually at a more relaxed and unhurried pace，with golden light streaming across the grassy delta and the animals coming out to eat and drink.Sedate though they are，rides at this time of day are sti

22、ll very impressive.试题：What does the underlined word “sedate” probably mean?AWild and romantic.BSlow and peaceful.CHungry and thirsty.DActive and excited.分析：画线词语所在句子的句意为“虽然它们 ，但是在一天的这个时候骑马观赏仍然令人印象非常深刻”。由though可知前后两句是转折关系，再结合前一句中提到的“at a more relaxed and unhurried pace”可知，应选B项，sedate意为“慢悠悠的，安静的”。6根据上下

23、文进行猜测有些词义猜测题找不到以上标志线索，这时可以利用上下文提供的情景和线索进行合乎逻辑的综合分析，进而推测词义，这也是近几年来高考考查的热点。例如：(2016全国，C)There are also varieties developed to suit specific local conditions.One of the very best varieties for eating quality is Orleans Reinette，but youll need a warm，sheltered place with perfect soil to grow it，so its a

24、 pipe dream for most apple lovers who fall for it.试题：What does the underlined phrase “a pipe dream” in Paragraph 3 mean?AA practical idea. BA vain hope.CA brilliant plan. DA selfish desire.分析：由上文中的“One of the very best varieties for eating quality is Orleans Reinette，but youll need a warm，sheltered

25、place with perfect soil to grow it.”可知，尽管Orleans Reinette是很好的品种，但是对各项条件的要求很高，因此大多数喜欢它的人种植它的希望会落空。故选择B项。A(2018黑龙江齐齐哈尔一模)83-year-old Antonio Vicente has spent the last four decades of his life fighting against the trend.As Brazilian landowners 9cut down rainforests to make room for 1profitable plantat

26、ions(种植园) and cattle grounds，he struggled to bring the jungles of his childhood back to life.“When I was a child，the peasants cut down the trees to make grasslands and charcoal，and the water dried up and did not come back，” he told the reporters.“I thought：Water is valuable，no one makes water and th

27、e population will not stop growing.What is going to happen? We are going to run out of water.”With only some donkeys and a small team of hired workers，Antonio Vicente set about bringing back the forest to his land.What started out as a weekend hobby soon became a 2permanent way of life，and Antonio r

28、ecalls often spending whole days and nights in his young jungle，surrounded by rats and foxes，and eating banana sandwiches for breakfast，lunch and dinner.Over the last 40 years，he has planted an estimated 50,000 trees on his 31-hectare land，which now make up a small but unique area of rainforest，and

29、a haven for wildlife.As the forest grew，the water returned，and Antonio says that there are now over 20 water sources on his land that were no longer there when he bought it.Then the animals started making a home there.Today，the forest is alive with the sounds of birds and 3insects living there，and m

30、ore species are settling in every year.“There are toucans(巨嘴鸟)，all kinds of birds，squirrels，lizards，and even the boars are returning，” 83-year-old Vicente says.“If you ask me who my family are，I would say all is right here，each one of these that I planted from a seed.”1What do we learn about the Bra

31、zilian peasants?AThey wasted much water on farming.BThey focused on short-term profits.CThey cared much about the environment.DThey relied heavily on rainforests for a living.答案B解析推理判断题。根据第一段中的“As Brazilian landowners cut down rainforests to make room for profitable plantations.”及第二段中的“the water dri

32、ed up and did not come back”可知，巴西的农民关注的是短期的利益。故选B。2What used to be young Antonios biggest concern?AOverpopulation. BPolluted water.CLoss of grasslands. DWater shortage.答案D解析推理判断题。根据第二段最后两句可知，年轻的Antonio最关心的是水的短缺。故选D。3What does the underlined word “haven” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?ATrap. BDisaster.CShelter. DBalance.答案C