届江苏高考英语总复习专题三阅读理解解题方法训练含答案新版.docx

1、届江苏高考英语总复习专题三阅读理解解题方法训练含答案新版2018届江苏高考英语总复习专题（三）阅读理解解题方法训练考情分析20152017高考江苏卷阅读理解题材、考查类型及数量统计表项目内容年份题材考查类型及数量细节理解类推理判断类主旨大意类词义猜测类2017A广告说明(文章介绍了一本关于历史的书籍。)1(56)1(57)/B科普知识(文章介绍了鸟类在胎教方面的超凡本领。)1(59)1(60)/1(58)C科普知识(文章主要讲的是信息时代信息数据的垄断现象。)2(61,62)2(63,64)/D生态环保(文章关注的是人们熟悉的话题气候变暖。)3(66,68，70)2(67,69)/1(65)2

2、016A广告说明(多伦多公立教育局邀请中学生选修一两门在线课程。文章介绍了在线课程的基本情况、优势及选课要求。)2(56,57)/B科普知识(文章主要介绍的是通过实验对比了黑猩猩与人类在相互帮助的本能方面的巨大不同。黑猩猩除了在某些方面偶尔合作外，在其他方面都是各顾各的，非常自私；而人类却从小就知道帮助他人，善于与他人合作，这是人类所独有的天性。)2(58,59)/1(60)/C科普知识(文章主要介绍了厄尔尼诺现象名字的由来、影响、危害等相关情况。作者希望人们对厄尔尼诺现象的发生做好充分的准备，以减少损失。)2(61,62)2(63,64)/D人物故事(文章主要讲述的是牙买加一位短跑名将She

3、lly-Ann Fraser-Pryce从平凡走向卓越，从卓越迈向伟大的历程。)3(65,66,67)1(69)1(70)1(68)2015A广告说明(文章主要列举了去新西兰旅游应该注意的事项。)1(57)1(56)/B科普知识(文章讲述了电子垃圾的产生、危害以及相关的解决措施等。)1(59)1(58)1(60)/C说理议论(文章论述了为什么很多人从事志愿活动，以及是什么让他们将从事志愿活动的兴趣保持下去的。)2(61,63)1(62)1(64)/D说理议论(作者先解释何为自由，古希腊人已经给自由下好了定义，将自由和责任捆绑在一起；然后笔锋一转，说到后来雅典人扭曲了自由的定义，开始逃避责任；最

4、后说到，虽然雅典人没有了自由，但是世界从未失去自由。)1(67)3(66,69,70)/2(65,68)合计211545(一)定位关键信息，拨云见日巧解细节理解题设问特点1考查事件、地点、人物和物品的具体细节；2问题一般比较直白；3答案常是原文的一句话或一个词，但可能变换了说法；4有时以true，false或untrue，except等提问；5错误答案往往明显与原文内容不符。常考问题1Which of the following is NOT included/mentioned in the passage?2Which of the following statements is NOT

5、true according to the passage?3According to the passage，all of the following are true EXCEPT .4The author mentions all of the following EXCEPT .5In the passage，the author states that .6According to the passage，when(where，why，how，who，etc.).?7Choose the right order of the events given in the passage.8

6、Which of the following maps/diagrams gives the right position of.?解题技巧1速读题干抓“关键”，“跳读”文章锁信息，找准信息源是关键，即含有信息的那一段或那一句。2正误判断题：题干原文静心觅。在解答时要带着原题回到原文中，看它们之间的吻合性。这类题目头绪繁杂，在解题时一定要避免急躁心理。3数字计算题：“加减乘除”巧破解。弄清询问数据与原文数据的因果关系，必要时进行加减乘除或单位换算。4Paraphrase是常用手法，即把原文的说法换一种说法。5错误答案可能部分是正确的，但以偏概全；也可能根据常识正确但却与原文内容不符。典例(20

7、17江苏，A片段)CHRONOLOGICA is an informative and entertaining tour into history，beautifully illustrated and full of unbelievable facts.While CHRONOLOGICA tells the stories of famous people in history such as Thomas Edison and Alexander the Great，this book also gives an account of the lives of lesser-know

8、n individuals including the explorer Mungo Park and sculptor Gutzon Borglum.56What is CHRONOLOGICA according to the text?AA biography. BA travel guide.CA history book. DA science fiction.答案C解析细节理解题。根据本段中的“CHRONOLOGICA is an informative and entertaining tour into history.this book also gives an accou

9、nt of the lives of lesser-known individuals”可知，CHRONOLOGICA是一本历史书。(二)理顺上下文语境，字斟句酌攻克推理判断题设问特点1考查暗含的信息，文章没有直说。这类试题的题干中常含infer(推断)，learn about(知道)，suggest(暗示)，imply(暗示)，conclude(推断)，indicate(暗示)等词语；2在原文中一定能找到暗示；3设问含义深刻，不像细节理解题那么直白；4正确选项既符合逻辑，又与全文主旨一致；5错误选项的特点是过于直白，歪曲事实或夸大其词。常考问题1We can infer from the p

10、assage that .2The passage/author implies/suggests that .3It can be concluded from the passage that .4From the passage we can tell .5The writer suggests in the beginning that .6What probably happened in the end?7The authors attitude to/towards.is that .8What is the authors purpose in writing the pass

11、age?解题技巧1根据事实细节，合理推断信息。在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，进行判断和推论，从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。做到判断有据，推论有理，忠于原文。切忌用自己的观点代替作者的本意，切忌片面思考，得出片面结论。2解题时应注意以下两点：(1)直接陈述文章内容的选项不能选，要选择根据文章推理出来的选项；(2)推理不是凭空猜测，而是立足已知推断未知，因此正确选项一定能在文中找到依据或理由。3推理判断的主要方法：抓住关键词，结合全文，归纳演绎。归纳是具体到抽象，个别到一般；演绎是一般到个别，抽象到具体。4要依据原文推理判断，牢记是在原文中考查作者的想法，而不是考生本人的想法，原文是唯一的判

12、断依据。典例(2016四川，B片段)Our own experience working together on health，development，and energy the last twenty years has been one of the most rewarding parts of our lives.It has changed who we are and continues to fuel our optimism about how much the lives of the poorest people will improve in the years ahe

13、ad.27What can be inferred from the last paragraph?AThe author believes the lives of the poorest will get better.BMuch more progress will be made in the near future.CThe work on health is the most valuable experience.DPeoples efforts have been materially rewarded.答案A解析推理判断题。根据本段最后提到的“It has changed w

14、ho we are and continues to fuel our optimism about how much the lives of the poorest people will improve in the years ahead.”可知作者对最穷困的人的生活会好转表示乐观。故选A。(三)探寻主线或主题，高瞻远瞩锁定主旨大意题设问特点1考查标题归纳、全文主旨或段落大意；2正确选项概括范围大小恰当，主旨判断准确；3错误选项的特点常常是太大、太窄或是偏离主题，主观臆断；4常以main idea，best idea，subject，mainly discuss等词提问。常考问题1Th

15、e best title for this passage is .2The passage (or the first paragraph) is mainly about .3What is the main idea/topic/subject of the passage?4The passage chiefly discusses/deals with .5The passage mainly tells us that .6The main idea of the first/second/third.paragraph probably is .解题技巧1如原文有标题，则标题常反

16、映主旨大意。2如问段落大意，应注意首句和尾句。3主旨信息常在for example之前，all in all之后。4若段首为疑问句，则回答即主题。5作者有意识地反复强调的观点，通常是主旨；反复出现的词语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词。6表示总结或结论的话常有therefore，thus，in short，conclude，conclusion等。典例(2016江苏，B)Chimps(黑猩猩) will cooperate in certain ways，like gathering in war parties to protect their territory.But beyond the

17、minimum requirements as social beings，they have little instinct(本能) to help one another.Chimps in the wild seek food for themselves.Even chimp mothers regularly decline to share food with their children，who are able from a young age to gather their own food.In the laboratory，chimps dont naturally sh

18、are food either.If a chimp is put in a cage where he can pull in one plate of food for himself or，with no greater effort，a plate that also provides food for a neighbor in the next cage，he will pull at randomhe just doesnt care whether his neighbor gets fed or not.Chimps are truly selfish.Human child

19、ren，on the other hand，are naturally cooperative.From the earliest ages，they desire to help others，to share information and to participate in achieving common goals.The psychologist Michael Tomasello has studied this cooperativeness in a series of experiments with very young children.He finds that if

20、 babies aged 18 months see an unrelated adult with hands full trying to open a door，almost all will immediately try to help.There are several reasons to believe that the urges to help，inform and share are not taught，but naturally possessed in young children.One is that these instincts appear at a ve

21、ry young age before most parents have started to train their children to behave socially.Another is that the helping behaviors are not improved if the children are rewarded.A third reason is that social intelligence develops in children before their general cognitive(认知的) skills，at least when compar

22、ed with chimps.In tests conducted by Tomasello，the human children did no better than the chimps on the physical world tests but were considerably better at understanding the social world.The core of what childrens minds have and chimps dont is what Tomasello calls shared intentionality.Part of this

23、ability is that they can infer what others know or are thinking.But beyond that，even very young children want to be part of a shared purpose.They actively seek to be part of a “we”，a group that intends to work toward a shared goal.60The passage is mainly about .Athe helping behaviors of young childr

24、enBways to train childrens shared intentionalityCcooperation as a distinctive human natureDthe development of intelligence in children答案C解析主旨大意题。通读全文可知，通过实验，发现黑猩猩没有相互帮助的本能，非常自私，而人类却从小就知道帮助他人，善于与他人合作，这是人类独有的天性。故C项为最佳答案。(四)洞察逻辑关系，顺藤摸瓜明辨词义猜测题设问特点1从原文中找单词、短语或句子设问；2只有在具体的上下文中才可判断准确；3所考单词有的是生词，有的是熟词新义；4正确

25、选项的特征是放在原文不仅单句合理，全文也合理；5错误选项或是字面意思，或是故意胡说；6考查某些指示代词的具体指代。常考问题1What does the underlined word/phrase “.” in Paragraph.mean?2Which of the following is nearest/closest in meaning to “.”？3The word/phrase “.” could be best replaced by “ ”4The underlined word/phrase “.” probably refers to “ ”5According to

26、the passage，the word “.” is known as “ ”6The underlined word/phrase “.” in Paragraph.means “ ”解题技巧1利用构词法猜词英语中有大量的单词是通过合成或加前后缀构成的，运用构词法判断生词的意义是一种快速有效的解题方法。2利用语境及逻辑关系猜词利用上下文语境和前后句之间的并列、因果、转折、对比、解释、定义和举例等关系来猜测词义。同时要特别留心某些词语，如or，that is，in other words，including，although，but，even if，on the other hand，on

27、the contrary，other than，rather than，more than，instead of等。3利用同义解释猜词同义解释形式多样，有的利用下定义，有的利用or，that is (to say)，in other words，namely等引出后面的解释，有的利用破折号、同位语(从句)、定语从句或同义词、近义词等引出后面的解释。4利用常识及生活经验猜词考生要运用非语言知识提示来提高分析能力，力图理解阅读中的生词，以明确把握作者的意图。典例(2017江苏，B片段)Before birth，babies can tell the difference between loud

28、sounds and voices.They can even distinguish their mothers voice from that of a female stranger.But when it comes to embryonic learning(胎教)，birds could rule the roost.As recently reported in The Auk：Ornithological Advances，some mother birds may teach their young to sing even before they hatch(孵化)New-

29、born chicks can then imitate their moms call within a few days of entering the world.This educational method was first observed in 2012 by Sonia Kleindorfer，a biologist at Flinders University in South Australia，and her colleagues.Female Australian superb fairy wrens were found to repeat one sound ov

30、er and over again while hatching their eggs.When the eggs were hatched，the baby birds made the similar chirp to their mothersa sound that served as their regular “feed me！” call.58The underlined phrase in Paragraph 1 means “ ”Abe the worst Bbe the bestCbe just as bad Dbe just as good答案B解析词义猜测题。画线部分前面的语境说，婴儿在出生之前就能分辨很大的声响与人的嗓音(tell the difference between loud sounds and voices)；画线部分后面的语境说，有些鸟妈妈在鸟儿被孵化出来之前，就可能教它们啼叫(teach their young to sing)。通过对比画线部分的前后我们发现，这里说的是与人类相比，鸟妈妈在胎教方面表现得最好(be the best)，因此选B。(五)理清全文构架，画龙点睛勾勒文章结构题设问特点1问题主要考查对文章结构的把握能力；2考查对文章组织形式的判断；3考查对文章基本结构的理解。常考问题1How is the tex